Walmley
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Walmley | |
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  Walmley shown within the West Midlands |
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| OS grid reference | |
|---|---|
| Metropolitan borough | Birmingham |
| Metropolitan county | West Midlands |
| Region | West Midlands |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | SUTTON COLDFIELD |
| Postcode district | B76 |
| Dialling code | 0121 |
| Police | West Midlands |
| Fire | West Midlands |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
| European Parliament | West Midlands |
| UK Parliament | Sutton Coldfield |
| List of places: UK • England • West Midlands | |
Walmley is an area of Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, England. It is in south Sutton Coldfield, near to Minworth, Wylde Green, Erdington and south of Thimble End. It is approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Birmingham city centre. It is the main focus of the Sutton New Hall Birmingham City Council ward.
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[edit] History
The origins of Walmley are unknown, however, it is believed it may have formed as a community for workers at the nearby halls of Langley Hall, New Hall Manor, Penns Hall and Peddimore Hall. It may have originally began at a point near Penns Hall as it had major influence in the area, employing many for its activities in Penns Mill[1] and other industries. A small community of Langley developed on the Fox Hollies Road and was mentioned in the Domesday Book, however, it was nothing more than a hamlet with no church, inn or community meeting centre.[2]
John Vesey, Bishop of Exeter, played a small role in Walmley's early development through the construction of several buildings in the area. These were some of 51 stone cottages built by the Bishop who was concerned with the deteriorating state of Sutton Coldfield as a whole. One of these cottages was the ford keepers house on the banks of Plants Brook, which enabled travellers to pass along Wylde Green Road and over the ford in safety.[3] The building is now listed.[4]
Walmley would have developed from a few scattered houses along Walmley Road which was a main commuter route from Sutton Coldfield to Birmingham. To the north were several farms including one built by Bishop Vesey. Most of the properties were built at the junctions with other roads such as Penns Lane and Fox Hollies Road.
Walmley developed in the 19th century into a prominent area of Sutton Coldfield. It become one of four ecclesiastical districts formed from the parish of Sutton Coldfield, with the others being Boldmere, Hill and Sutton Coldfield. Walmley's first church, St John the Evangelist Church, was built in 1845. The ecclesiastical parish of Walmley was formed in 1846 with St John the Evangelist Church becoming the parish church. Walmley developed into a ward of the Sutton Corporation, covering an area of 4,424 of the total 13,030 acres of Sutton Coldfield.[5] Despite being part of the Sutton Corporation area, Walmley was incorporated into the Erdington postal area. Walmley Ash, in the southern part of Walmley, was incorporated into the Minworth postal area.[5]
In 1879, Penns railway station was constructed by the Midland Railway Company and despite being located in Walmley, it was named after Penns.[2]
Towards the end of the century, the population did not change. In 1881, the population was recorded at being 1,301 and the same number was recorded for 1884.[5]
At the turn of the 20th century, Walmley still remained a rural village featuring a church, a few houses and an inn (The Fox Inn). Schools began to establish themselves in the area throughout the 1920s and 1930s. New houses were also being constructed along the Walmley Road and Penns Lane as a result of ribbon development.[3] During World War II, Walmley housed an Italian prisoner of war camp near Jones Wood.[2]
After World War II, Walmley was transformed into a 'boom suburb' through the construction of new housing estates. This was a result of its proximity to the large Birmingham conurbation. The green belt land surrounding the village was destroyed for the construction of these properties mainly to the south of the village.[2]
More recently, Walmley has been targeted as part of a local development plan, called the "Walmley Local Action Plan" aimed at improving facilities in Walmley.[6]
[edit] Geography
Walmley is four kilometres southeast of Sutton Coldfield town centre and eleven kilometres northeast of Birmingham city centre. To the west of Walmley is the Wylde Green area, to which Walmley is connected by a road running through the New Hall Valley, which features the New Hall Valley Country Park and the Plantsbrook Local Nature Reserve. To the east a road runs towards Minworth and the main A38 dual carriageway. Falcon Lodge and Reddicap Heath are directly north of Walmley. To the south, along Eachelhurst Road, is Pype Hayes in the district of Erdington.
The central area of Walmley where the shops are located is known as Walmley Village.[7]
Plants Brook (originally known as Ebrook) flows from the west of Walmley to the south of the area. It flows through New Hall Country Park in a channelled section and it once provided power to New Hall Mill, near New Hall Manor. In the northern area of Walmley Village, on Fox Hollies Road, is a small wooded area of land known as Jones Wood. It is now protected and preserved. To the west of this was a small area of land known as Beyond The Wood to locals. Archaeological excavations of this parkland have revealed that it maybe historically significant.
Walmley is a reasonably affluent suburb, containing many large detached and semi-detached houses, and despite large-scale residential development in the post-war period it retains a distinct identity from other local areas.
[edit] Places of interest
The oldest part of Walmley is New Hall Manor. It claims to be the oldest inhabited moated house in Great Britain.[8] It also has two large housing estates named after it. The first one is the New Hall estate and the other is the New Hall Manor Estate also known as The Grange in some parts. The New Hall Manor Estate is newer by 30 years than the New Hall Estate.
The main shopping parade, Walmley Village, was refurbished in 2004 in line with Birmingham City Council's "Walmley Village Local Action Plan", with new paving surfaces, car parking spaces, and a 20mph through road speed limit. The local Walmley Library and Community Hall was also refurbished. The main pub in Walmley is "The Fox Inn", which has been serving the area for a long time. The present building has existed since the 1930s. It underwent a refurbishment in 2005 when it came under the possession of new owners.
St Johns Church, built in 1845 to a design by D. R. Hill, is located on Walmley Road and is constructed of Staffordshire blue brick. It is the parish church for Walmley and is of a Norman architectural style. However, the building has been criticised in the past by authors such as Nikolaus Pevsner who criticised the lack of stone, and the use of industrial bricks in a religious building.[9] An extension to the church was built alongside it in the 1990s to house community facilities. It is an Anglican church in the Diocese of Birmingham.[10]
At the junction of Walmley Road and Fox Hollies Road, north of Walmley Village, are almshouses constructed in the 19th century, 1924 and 1971. The first two cottages were built in 1828 and the second two in 1863. They are Grade II listed.[4] The almshouses of 1971 were opened by Princess Anne who also unveiled a commemorative plaque.[2] The almshouses are named Lingard House, recalling the name of the benefactress, Frances Lingard, who was a local spinster. The front buildings are now used as offices for Sutton Municipal Charities.[4] Located in front of the buildings at the junction was a war memorial which was funded by public subscription.[2] It was unveiled in 1920 and has since been moved to a spot next to "The Fox Inn", behind Walmley Library as part of the Walmley Local Action Plan.
A popular local landmark was Walmley House, which was built in the 1860s by the Horshall family as part of the Penns Hall estate. In the 1960s, the house was sold for £142,000 wand in the spring of 1969, demolished for the construction of new houses.[11]
Overlooking New Hall Country Park, on Wylde Green Road, is Wincelle, a 15th century timber-framed house. It was originally built in the area of Wigginshill, however, in 1910, it was dismantled and reassembled at the its current site. Wincelle is the old name for Wigginshill, under the name it appeared in the Domesday Book.[2]
There are 16 listed buildings and four locally listed buildings in Walmley. A study was carried out into the area to determine whether conservation area status was feasible for the area, however the sparseness of the locations meant that the plan deemed infeasible. There are have been 43 archaeological finds in the Walmley area including prehistoric flints, Roman and Medieval Pottery, a possible prehistoric structure, and earthworks of medieval and post medieval date. The majority of finds have been discovered in the east of the area alongside the Sutton Coldfield Bypass.
Sutton Coldfield Rugby Club's training ground is located on Walmley Road straddling the border of Walmley and Thimble End. It is also used by Walmley Cricket Club and Four Oaks Cricket Club.
[edit] Transport
Walmley was once served by a railway station, Penns (for Walmley) Station on the Sutton Park Line, which was closed in 1964 as part of the Beeching Axe despite the fact that it was a very well patronised.[12] The station has since been demolished.[2] There was also a very busy goods yard in Eachelhurst Road which is now a housing estate. The Sutton Park Line is no longer in passenger use and is for freight use only.
Walmley Village is served by several National Express West Midlands buses that run from Sutton Coldfield town centre. The circular routes 68A/68C passes through Walmley onto Minworth, as does the 71 bus which continues via Chelmsley Wood to Solihull, the 114 and 115 link Walmley to Birmingham City Centre. Central Connect operate the 168, 167 bus lines which pass through Walmley via Walmley Road to Erdington, and bus line 108X to Birmingham city centre. Johnsons of Henley (with vehicles branded County Links) operate the 757 bus line from Sutton Coldfield town centre via Coleshill to Birmingham Airport, which passes through Walmley village.
The Walmley Road was known as a major thoroughfare from Sutton Coldfield town centre to Birmingham. It has been recorded that it was one of the most heavily trafficked roads in the area leading to congestion. Despite this, plans to widen the road to accommodate more traffic have been strongly opposed by residents, who formed the Walmley Residents' Association, who claimed that it would destroy the village atmosphere and that it would be contrary to the spirit of the Civic Society Act.[2] The residents were backed by the Sutton Coldfield Civic Society in 1967, which resulted in the plans being scrapped. Speed bumps have since been installed on the road in Walmley village to reduce the speed of vehicles, as part of the Walmley Local Action Plan.
The roads in Walmley were recorded in 1905 as being nothing more than dusty country tracks.[13]
[edit] Education
Fox Hollies Road and Walmley Ash Road house several nurseries such as the Paint Pot Nursery, Seesaw Day Nursery, Little Hollies Nursery and the nursery run by the Shrubbery School.
There are numerous primary schools located within Walmley. The first school to be established in the area was a charity school. Founded in 1792, it was financed from funds impounded by the Courts in respect to acts of alleged mismanagement by the Sutton Corporation. It was constructed on the area known as Beyond The Wood along with an adjacent house for the school headmistress. The school had a capacity of 60 children until 1851, when it was moved to a larger school was built next to the church.[2] The buildings were converted into two cottages. This was known as Walmley Corporation School.[14]
Walmley First School on Walmley Ash Road was built in 1956, when the infants transferred from the old village school to the premises. The juniors remained in the old school prior to the building of Walmley Middle School in 1974.[15] The land they are built on was once occupied by an Italian prisoner of war camp during World War II. These two schools are now Walmley Infants School[16] and Walmley Junior School[17] and are run by the Birmingham Local Education Authority. Walmley Infants School has a pupil capacity of 270 children. It is grant maintained, as is Walmley Junior School which has a pupil capacity of 356.
The Deanery Church of England Infants and Junior School on Fox Hollies Road is also grant maintained. The school was built in 1980 with construction commencing on March 1, 1979. It was originally two schools, however, merged in the 1990s. The Little Hollies Nursery was opened by the Bishop of Aston for the school in 1998.[18]
There is a private primary school also located in Walmley, on Walmley Ash Road. The Shrubbery School was founded in 1930 by Janice Rankin. It features a nursery, infants and juniors department.[19] The Shrubbery School building is Grade B locally listed.[20]
There are no secondary schools in Walmley, however, Bishop Walsh Catholic School is located near the border of Walmley on Wylde Green Road in the west. Two comprehensive schools are also located in nearby Falcon Lodge.
[edit] References
- ^ British History Online: Warmley
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Walmley and its surroundings, Douglas V. Jones, 1990, Westwood Press (ISBN 0-948025-11-5)
- ^ a b The Royal Town of Sutton Coldfield - A Commemorative History, Douglas V. Jones, 1994, Westwood Press (ISBN 0-9502636-7-2)
- ^ a b c A part of Walmley’s History – Jan Brettle (June 2003)
- ^ a b c Kelly's Directory of Warwickshire, 1896, Kelly (London)
- ^ Walmley Local Action Plan
- ^ Walmley Village website
- ^ Walmley and its surroundings (Chapter II: New Hall, New Hall Mill and the Ebrook), page 25, Douglas V. Jones, 1990, Westwood Press (ISBN 0-948025-11-5)
- ^ The Buildings of England: Warwickshire, Nikolaus Pevsner, 1966, Yale University Press (ISBN 0300096798)
- ^ St Johns Walmley: About Us
- ^ The Royal Town of Sutton Coldfield - A Commemorative History (Chapter XV: The Immediate Past), Douglas V. Jones, 1994, Westwood Press (ISBN 0-9502636-7-2)
- ^ Rail Around Birmingham: Penns Station
- ^ The Iron Masters of Penns, John Horsfall, 1971, Kineton: The Roundwood Press
- ^ Pigot and Co's National Commercial Directory, Pigot, 1835, Pigot & Co (London & Manchester)
- ^ Walmley Junior School: History
- ^ Walmley Infants School
- ^ Walmley Junior School
- ^ The Deanery School: History
- ^ The Shrubbery School: About
- ^ Schedule of Locally Listed Buildings. Birmingham City Council (December 2007). Retrieved on 2008-02-02.
