Wai Ren

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Wai Ren (Zi Fa) 外壬 (子發)
Ancestral name (姓): Zi (子)
Given name (名): Fa (發)
King of Shang Dynasty
Dates of reign:
Posthumous name: Wai Ren (子發)
Dates are in the proleptic Julian calendar

Wai Ren (Chinese: 外壬, born Zi Fa (Chinese: 子發), was a Shang Dynasty King of China.

In the Records of the Grand Historian he was listed by Sima Qian as the eleventh Shang king, succeeding his brother Zhong Ding (Chinese: 仲丁). He was enthroned in the year of Gengxu (Chinese: 庚戌) with Ao (Chinese: 隞) as his capital. During his reign there was a rebellion from Shang's vassals of Pei (Chinese: 邳) and Xian (Chinese: 侁) peoples. He ruled for 15 years (although the Bamboo Annals claim 10 years) before his death. He was given the posthumous name Wai Ren and was succeeded by his son He Dan Jia (Chinese: 河亶甲).[1][2][3][4]

Oracle script inscriptions on bones unearthed at Yinxu alternatively record that he was the tenth Shang king, given the posthumous name Bu Ren (Chinese: 卜壬) and succeeded by his son Jian Jia.[3][4]

[edit] References

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  1. ^ Bai, Shouyi (2002). An Outline History of China. Beijing: Foreign Language Press. ISBN 7-119-02347-0. 
  2. ^ Emperor Table of Shang Dynasty (English). Travel China Guide. Retrieved on April 15, 2008.
  3. ^ a b The Shang Dynasty Rulers (English). China Knowledge. Retrieved on August 7, 2007.
  4. ^ a b Shang Kingship And Shang Kinship (English). Indiana University. Retrieved on August 7, 2007.
Wai Ren
Preceded by
Zhong Ding		 King of China Succeeded by
He Dan Jia
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