Wahgoshig First Nation
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Wahgoshig First Nation, formerly known as Abitibi-Ontario Band of Abitibi Indians or simply as Abitibi, is an Anishinaabe (Algonquin and Ojibwa) and Cree First Nation located near Matheson in Cochrane District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. They have reserved for themselves the 7770.1 ha Abitibi 70 Indian Reserve on the south end of Lake Abitibi. In January, 2008, the First Nation had 270 people registered with the nation, of which their on-reserve population was 121.
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[edit] History
The first recorded reference to the native people about Lake Abitibi was in the House of Commons debates in 1897 when the treaty status was discussed. For centuries prior to that, however, they were a nomadic group of hunter-gatherers, whose traditional territory straddled a large segment of what is now northeastern Ontario and northwestern Quebec.
For the peoples about Lake Abitibi, the hunting and trapping grounds extended and still extend east and northeast of Long Sault to Pierre, Harris, and Montreuil Lakes in Ontario, and on a parallel line into Quebec and as far east as Amos. The southernmost limit of the territory was a little south of Kirkland Lake in Ontario and Rouyn In Quebec. Cochrane, Ontario is the approximately western boundary.
The Abitibi 70 Indian Reserve was created when the James Bay Treaty (Treaty 9) was signed at the Hudson's Bay Company post on Lake Abitibi in Quebec on June 7, 1906. It encompasses 19,239 acres, or 30 square miles. However, the treaty commissioners revealed that they were only authorized to negotiate with the Anishinaabe whose hunting grounds were in Ontario. The Abitibi Indians who were part of the same group, but whose hunting territory lay within Quebec, were told that negotiations for a reserve for them would occur later, but the Quebec government stalled that process for a considerable time after a treaty was signed with the Ontario band.
Two years after the signing of the James Bay Treaty the Canadian federal government still had not been able to get Quebec to set aside a reserve for the Quebec Indians. It then arranged with the Quebec government to bring them under Treaty 9, which meant that they would receive annuities and would share in the revenues allocated to Abitibi 70, and income from this reserve was, and still is, divided on a per capita basis. This is the origin of much of the economic disparity that Wahgoshig First Nation contends with today; due to the way disbursements are set up through the federal government's intervention into their affairs, the Wahgoshig people receive only a minor share of any revenue that they may generate from natural resources on Wahgoshig Reserve. This has proved to be a disincentive towards developing the on-reserve natural resources.
Until 1972, the Department of Indian Affairs in Quebec administered the affairs of both the Abitibi-Dominion Band of Abitibi Indians (located in Quebec) and the Abitibi-Ontario Band of Abitibi Indians. From 1972 onward, Indian Affairs in Sudbury, Ontario, took over the affairs of the Abitibi-Ontario band. In 1979, the Abitibi-Dominion Band changed its name to Abitibiwinni First Nation, and the Abitibi-Ontario Band became Wahgoshig First Nation.
[edit] Governance
The Wahgoshig First Nation have a Custom Electoral system of government. Elected officials have 3-year term. The current elected officials consists of Chief David Babin and five Councillors: Sky Chokomolin-Widdifiel, Joseph Chookomoolin, Joseph Mathews, Paul McKenzie and Noe Ruperthouse-Diamond. Their term began on November 21, 2005.
As a signatory to Treaty 9, the First Nation is a member of the Wabun Tribal Council, a Regional Chief's Council who is a member of the Nishnawbe Aski Nation, a Tribal Political Organization representing majority of First Nations in northern Ontario. However, the Wahgoshig First Nation is a political member of the Algonquin Anishinabeg Nation Tribal Council since November of 2000, together with other nations which Wahgoshig First Nation maintained strong historical ties.
There is an on-reserve village that occupies about 25 ha of the 70 ha flat land. West of the village, the land becomes undulating and it contains many wet swampy areas - ideal moose habitat. Moose, bears, grouse and other game are quite abundant in the area.
The reserve is served by Highway 101, which provides access to the 5.8 km long reserve road, approximately 50 km east of Matheson, Ontario, within a few miles of the western Quebec border. The north end of the reserve meets the south shore of Lake Abitibi, which separates the two provinces.
According to the Canada 2006 Census[1]:
| • Population: | 114 (-10.2% from 2001) |
| • Land area: | 78.7 km² (30.4 sq mi) |
| • Population density: | 1.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.6 /sq mi) |
| • National population rank (Out of 5,008): | Ranked 4,364th |
| • Median age: | N/A (males: N/A, females: N/A) |
| • Total private dwellings: | 39 |
| • Dwellings occupied by permanent residents: | 37 |
| • Mean household income: | $N/A |
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- N/A = Data Not Available.
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[edit] Services
For the Abitibi village of about 25 ha, the First Nation provides the following services:
- band office
- health clinic
- warehouse / fire hall
- public works garage
- community hall
Wahgoshig is policed by the Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service, an Aboriginal based service.
[edit] Official Address
Wahgoshig First Nation
PO Box 629 (Rural Route 3)
Matheson, ON P0K 1N0
- Phone: 1-705-273-2055
- Fax: 1-705-273-2900
[edit] External links
- INAC profile
- Information from Township of Black River-Matheson
- Algonquin Anishinabeg Nation Tribal Council profile
- Abitibi 70 Population Data
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