Vynohradiv
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vynohradiv (Ukrainian: Виноградів) is a city in western Ukraine, Zakarpattia Oblast. It has 25,200 inhabitants (2004).
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[edit] Location
The city lies near the river Tisza and the border with Romania. It is 35 kilometres from Berehove.
[edit] History
It was first mentioned in 1262 by the name Zceuleus. Its Hungarian name comes from the word szőlő meaning grape, since the area is an important wine district. The town was one of the oldest in Ugocsa comitatus, and was inhabited by winemakers of the royal court. In 1329 King Charles Robert granted privileges to the town, which became the seat of the comitatus (the city held this rank until the Treaty of Trianon was signed).
In the Battle of Nagyszőllős (January 23, 1662) János Kemény, the ruling prince of Transylvania was defeated and killed by the Ottoman army allied with Prince Apafi. In 1717 most of the citizens of the town were killed by an invading Tartar horde.
By 1880 the population was about 4,400 (with 500 native romanians). In 1881 a secondary school was opened. In 1944 the Hungarian men of the town were deported by the Soviets; 70% of them died.
In 1910 it had a population of 7,811 (5943 Hungarians, 1266 Ruthenians (Rusyns) and 540 Germans). Today 15% of the population is Hungarian.
The city was called Sevlush (the Ukrainian transliteration of szőllős) in 1946, then became Vinogradovo in the early 1960s. After Ukraine became independent after the fall of the Soviet Union, the city was named Vynohradiv. Vinogradovo, Vynohradiv, and Nagyszőllős all mean 'Grape City' in Russian, Ukrainian, and Hungarian respectively.
[edit] Demographics
According to the 2001 census, the population included: [1]
- Ukrainians (71.4%)
- Hungarians (26.2%)
- Russians (1.2%)
- Roma people (0.8%)
[edit] Tourist sights
- Ugocsa Castle (ruins; 13th century). It was first mentioned in 1308. In 1315 King Charles Robert attacked and destroyed it. In the 15th century the area was given to monks of the Franciscan order, they built a monastery there, which was inhabited until 1558. There is a small 14th century chapel south of the ruins.
- Perényi Castle. It was built by the Perényi noble family from 1399, later rebuilt in Baroque style into a mansion.
- Franciscan church and monastery (built in 1744, rebuilt in 1889).
- Our Lady's Church (13th century, rebuilt in the 15th century in Gothic style, restored in the early 20th century. Its furniture was destroyed after 1945. The Church got it back in 1989.
- Franciscan monastery (founded in the 15th century). In 1556 local Protestants attacked the monastery, killed the monks and threw the body of St. John Capistrano into a well. The Perényi family invited monks of the order to the town again, but the monastery burnt down in 1747. Its current building was erected in 1889.
- Protestant church (Neoclassical, 1828).
- Old county hall (now the building of the Zsigond Perényi Secondary School) and statue of Perényi (1906).
[edit] Famous people
- Composer Béla Bartók lived in the house opposing the mansion between 1889 and 1892; his mother worked here as a teacher. Bartók held his first concert here in the county hall.
- József Csorba doctor, physicist was born here in 1789.
- János Majos Kuruc captain was born here.
- Imre Révész painter was born here in 1859. He is buried in the local cemetery.
- Endre Nagy writer, stage director was born here in 1877.
[edit] Other Names
- Rusyn: Cивлюш (Syvlyush),Севлюш (Sevlyush)(before 1946)"
- Russian: Виноградoв (Vinogradov)
- Hungarian: Nagyszől(l)ős,
- Slovak: (Veľký) Sevľuš / Vinohradov
- Czech: (Velká) Sevl(j)uš / Vinohradov
- Polish: Winogradów
- Yiddish: Seylesh, Selish
- Romanian: Seleuşu Mare
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