VPython

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Visual (Python Mod)
Paradigm Multi-paradigm
Appeared in 2000
Designed by David Scherer
Developer Open-Source
Latest release See vpython.org/ [Recent Developments]
Typing discipline Strong, dynamic ("duck")
Major implementations cPython
Influenced by Python
OS Cross-platform
License Open-Source
Website www.vpython.org

VPython was created in 2000 as the result of an independent project undertaken by David Scherer, a sophomore at Carnegie Mellon University. VPython is the Python programming language plus a 3D graphics module called Visual. VPython allows users to create objects such as spheres and cones in 3D space and displays these objects in a window. Real-time, navigable 3D animations are generated as a side effect of computations. This makes it easy to create simple visualizations, allowing programmers to focus more on the computational aspect of their programs. The simplicity of VPython has made it a tool for the illustration of simple physics, especially in the educational environment.

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[edit] History

In 1985, the cT programming language was created by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Contributors to the project included David Andersen, Bruce Sherwood, Judith Sherwood, and Kevin Whitley. The cT programming language was largely spawned from the TUTOR (1965) and the MicroTutor (1977) programming languages. Although cT had many applications, its primary usage was 2D graphics for the classroom setting. It was especially well suited for physics. In 1997, students at Carnegie Mellon were taught cT in a new introductory physics course created by Ruth Chabay and Bruce Sherwood. In 1998, David Scherer entered the university as a freshman and enrolled in one of the introductory physics classes that used cT. Although cT offered a relatively easy 2D graphics programming environment, Scherer saw the possibility of creating an even better tool. In the spring and summer of 2000, with the assistance of David Andersen, Ruth Chabay, Ari Heitner, Ian Peters, and Bruce Sherwood, Scherer created Visual, a module for Python that was not only easier to use than the cT programming language, but also rendered objects in Three Dimensions. The combination of Python plus Visual is called VPython. Further development of the cT programming language was ended and the newly created VPython was used in its place. Since VPython's creation, several versions have been released to the public. The current version in development is 4.beta15. Some of the major developments in this release include textures and transparency. More details on features currently in development may be seen here.

[edit] Usage

VPython is a simple rendering tool for 3D objects and graphs. Its main use has been in education, but it has also been used in commercial or research settings. VPython was first used in introductory physics courses at Carnegie Mellon and then spread to other universities and eventually high schools, especially in connection with the Matter & Interactions curriculum.

[edit] Objects

See the article on Python for Python syntax. This article will address several of the objects that are VPython specific. Click here for the complete documentation. The cylinder object is a good example of a simple VPython object. Here is an example of a simple cylinder as given in VPython's documentation:

from visual import * #import the visual module
 
    rod = cylinder(pos=(0,2,1), axis=(5,0,0), radius=1)

Image:VisualRef-1.gif

Some similar objects offered by the VPython 3D rendering engine are the cone, sphere, and box objects. In addition to solid objects, VPython offers graphing tools as well. Here is an example of a simple graph in VPython as given in its documentation:

from visual.graph import * # import graphing features
 
    funct1 = gcurve(color=color.cyan) # a connected curve object
 
    for x in arange(0., 8.1, 0.1): # x goes from 0 to 8
        funct1.plot(pos=(x,5.*cos(2.*x)*exp(-0.2*x))) # plot

Image:VPython graph.gif

[edit] References

  • Scherer, D., Dubois, P., & Sherwood, B. (2000). VPython: 3D Interactive Scientific Graphics for Students, Computing in Science and Engineering, Sept./Oct. 2000, 82-88.