Voskhod 1
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| Voskhod 1 | |||||
Mission insignia |
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| Mission statistics | |||||
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| Mission name | Voskhod 1 | ||||
| Spacecraft mass | 5320 kg | ||||
| Crew size | 3 | ||||
| Call sign | Рубин (Rubin - "Ruby") | ||||
| Launch date | October 12, 1964 07:30:01 UTC Gagarin's Start |
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| Landing | October 13, 1964 07:47:04 UTC |
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| Mission duration | 1d/00:17:03 | ||||
| Number of orbits | 16 | ||||
| Apogee | 336 km | ||||
| Perigee | 178 km | ||||
| Orbital period | 89.6 min | ||||
| Orbital inclination | 64.7° | ||||
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Voskhod 1 (Russian: Восход-1) was the first spaceflight to carry more than one person into space and the first flight without space suits. The Soviet mission was specifically planned to beat the U.S. Gemini program to this milestone. As a further propaganda coup, the spacecraft was claimed to have carried into orbit a fragment of a communard banner from the Paris Commune of 1871.
The Voskhod spacecraft was basically a Vostok spacecraft that had a backup, solid fuel retro rocket added to the top of the descent module. The ejection seat was removed and three crew couches were added to the interior at a 90 degree angle to that of the Vostok crew position. There was no provision for crew escape in the event of a launch or landing emergency. A solid fuel braking rocket was also added to the parachute lines to provide for a softer landing at touchdown. This was necessary because, unlike the Vostok, the crew lands with the Voskhod descent module.
On board were three cosmonauts: Vladimir Komarov, who piloted the craft; Konstantin Feoktistov, an engineer who had been part of the Sputnik and Vostok design teams; and Boris Yegorov, a doctor.
Much of the mission was devoted to biomedical research and to study of how a multi-disciplinary team could work together in space. The mission was probably cut short by political upheaval back on Earth surrounding the coup that deposed Nikita Khrushchev. The cramped conditions of the crew have also been suggested as a factor ruling out a longer duration flight.
[edit] Crew
Number in parentheses indicates number of spaceflights by each individual prior to and including this mission.
- Vladimir Komarov (1) - Commander
- Konstantin Feoktistov (1) - Engineer
- Boris Yegorov (1) - Doctor
[edit] Backup crew
- Boris Volynov - Commander
- Vasili Lazarev - Engineer
- Georgi Katys - Doctor
[edit] Reserve Crew
- Vasili Lazarev - Doctor
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