Voßstraße

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The title of this article contains the character ß. Where it is unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Vossstrasse or Voss Strasse.
The site of the former Reich Chancellery at the corner of Voßstraße and Wilhelmstrasse. The Borsig Palais, incorporated into the structure, previously occupied the corner.
The site of the former Reich Chancellery at the corner of Voßstraße and Wilhelmstrasse. The Borsig Palais, incorporated into the structure, previously occupied the corner.

Voßstraße (Voss Strasse or Vossstrasse in English[1]); IPA: [ˈfɔsˌʃtʁaːsə]) is a street in central Berlin, capital of Germany. It runs east-west from Ebertstraße to Wilhelmstrasse in the borough of Mitte, one street north of Leipziger Straße. It is best known for being near the site of Hitler's New Chancellery complex,[2] and the bunker where he spent his last days.[3]

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[edit] History

In the 18th and 19th centuries, the area was the site of several mansions owned by members of the Prussian aristocracy, some of which were taken over by government departments. One of these was the home of August Graf von Voß-Buch (1788–1871), a Prussian military officer who was at one time commander of the "Garde-Grenadier-Regiment Kaiser Alexander von Russland," which was stationed in Berlin. On his retirement in 1872 he built a mansion, the Vosssche Palais, between Wilhelmstrasse and Königgrätzer Straße (now Ebertstraße), and created the connecting street which bears his name.[4] (Another street under the same name in Berlin's district Tempelhof-Schöneberg was named after Johann Heinrich Voss.[5] Among the notable buildings in the Voßstraße in the mid-1930s were: on the north side, numbered from east to west; Voßstraße 1 - Borsig Palais, on the corner of the Wilhelmstrasse, built in 1875-1877 for the German businessman and manufacturer Albert Borsig (1829–1878), the son of locomotive engineer August Borsig, although he never actually moved into it and died a year after its completion; 2 - the head office of Mitropa, a catering company which from 1916 until 2002 managed sleeping and dining cars throughout the German rail system;; 3 - Embassy of Bavaria; 4-5 - from 1880 to 1935 the Justice Ministry of the German Empire, Weimar Republic and Third Reich; 6 - head office of the German Reich Railway Co; 10 - Embassy of Württemberg; 11 - the Nazi Party's Berlin offices; 15 - Bank of Delbrück Schickler & Co; 19 - Embassy of Saxony.

On the south side, numbered from west to east; Voßstraße 20 - Reich Naval Office; 22 - Mosse Palais, home of the German Jewish publishing tycoon Hans Lachmann-Mosse (1885–1944); 24-32 - the rear of the enormous Wertheim Department Store; 33-35 - more offices of the German Reich Railway Co. The Jewish-owned Hertie department store also had a back entrance on Voßstraße.[3] The other numbers were mostly residential properties.

In 1938 the entire north side of the street, except for the Borsig Palais (Voßstraße 1), was demolished to make way for the new Reich Chancellery building, built by Albert Speer for Adolf Hitler and opened in January 1939. Incorporating the Borsig Palais within its structure, the Chancellery extended back along the whole length of the Voßstraße, a distance of 430 metres: its official address was Voßstraße 6. The building was severely damaged by Allied bombs in February 1945, and the ruins later demolished by the Soviet occupying forces. Hitler killed himself in the Führerbunker, a little further north, on 30 April 1945.[6]

From 7 October 1949, Voßstraße was located in East Berlin, which did little to develop the Potsdamer Platz area as it was in the sensitive border zone, along which the Berlin Wall would eventually divide the city. By 1956 there was only one surviving building in the entire length of Voßstraße - part of the Deutsche Reichsbahn offices on the south side (Voßstraße 33). When the Wall went up in August 1961, much of Voßstraße became stranded in no man's land. Today there is still little of note along the street, although it continues to attract curious visitors looking for the site of the Reich Chancellery and the Führerbunker.[3][7]

The Voßstraße from the air in December 2003
The Voßstraße from the air in December 2003

In the aerial photograph on the right, taken in December 2003, the Voßstraße runs from top to bottom just to the right of centre. The Reich Chancellery ran the full length of the north (left) side, up to the Wilhelmstrasse, the street running from left to right at the top of the picture. Today there are several GDR-era apartment blocks, built between 1986 and 1990, and some fenced-off waste land behind the apartment blocks along the Wilhelmstrasse. On the south (right) side of the Voßstraße, the sole-surviving pre-war building, part of the German Reich Railway Co. offices (Voßstraße 33), can be seen, mostly surrounded by the empty site of the Wertheim Department Store. Note also the concrete "lid" over the U-Bahn line.

[edit] Legacy

Some of the stones from the New Chancellery on Voßstraße were later used for the Russian war monument in Berlin-Treptow, as well as for the red marble walls in the Subway Station U-Bahnhof Mohrenstraße (former Otto-Grotewohl-Straße, former Thälmannplatz, former Kaiserhof).[8]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Martin Gilbert: Holocaust Journey:Traveling in Search of the Past, Columbia University Press, 1999, p.27; Peter Hoffmann, Hitler's Personal Security, Da Capo (2000), p. 169.
  2. ^ Kate Connolly. "Germany starts laying the Holocaust to rest", Daily Telegraph, 2003-08-16. 
  3. ^ a b c Ernest Gill. "At last, a plaque marks site of Hitler's Bunker in Berlin", Deutsche Press-Agentur, 2006-07-11. 
  4. ^ Voßstraße (German). Straßennamen der Berliner Stadtbezirke (Guide to Berlin street names). Luisenstädtische Bildungsverein.
  5. ^ So spelt in English. He has articles, with this spelling, both in the 1911 Britannica, and in the present online edition.
  6. ^ "Hitler's 'suicide bunker' unearthed", BBC News, 1999-10-15. 
  7. ^ Frank Walker. "At the gates of shame", The Age, 2006-04-23. 
  8. ^ Frances Stonor Saunders. "Fascism in ruins", The Guardian, 2005-03-30. 

[edit] Further reading