VMFA-451
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| Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 451 | |
|---|---|
 VMFA-451 Insignia Courtesy of www.military-graphics.com |
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| Active | February 15, 1944 – January 31, 1997 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | USMC |
| Type | Attack |
| Role | Close air support Air interdiction Aerial reconnaissance |
| Part of | Deactivated |
| Nickname | “Warlords” ”Blue Devils” ”Fightin Phillies” |
| Tail Code | BM / VM |
| Engagements | World War II Operation Desert Storm |
Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 451 (VMFA-451) was a United States Marine Corps fighter squadron consisting of F/A-18 Hornets . Known as the "Warlords" and “Blue Devils”, the squadron participated in action during World War II, and Operation Desert Storm. They were decommissioned on January 31, 1997.
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[edit] History
[edit] World War II
Marine Fighting Squadron 451 (VMF-451) was activated on February 15, 1944 at Marine Corps Air Station Mojave, California. The "Blue Devils" were one of 32 squadrons that trained at the base, and were collectively known as the "Mojave Marines". Equipped with the Chance-Vought F4U-1D Corsair, they spent nearly a year training for carrier-based operations under the command of Major Henry A. Ellis Jr., who remained the Commanding Officer for 17 months.
The squadron moved on board USS Bunker Hill (CV-17) on January 24, 1945, along with VF-84 and VMF-221. This was the first fast-carrier deployment with three Corsair squadrons. As a new member of CVG-84, collectively known as the "Wolf Gang", CV-17 sailed westward across the Pacific. They flew their first combat sorties on February 16, against targets near Tokyo. The "Blue Devils" scored their first kill during the initial combat mission, but also suffered their first casualty. Lieutenant Forrest P. Brown was shot down by anti-aircraft fire, and was last seen floating in the water. On March 18, they focused their fury on Kyushu, destroying the Myazaki and Omura air fields and bagging another kill. On April 3, the "Blue Devils" had a field day in knocking down 11 Japanese planes, and on 12 April, they brought down 16 kamikazes. Major Archie Donahue, the XO, shot down three Vals and two Zekes, thus becoming the first carrier-based Marine "ace-in-a-day" and adding to the nine previous kills that he scored with VMF-112 in 1943. May 11 was pivotal for VMF-451 and the other "Wolf Gang" members of Bunker Hill. It started on a positive note, as First Lieutenant J.S. Norris Jr. shot down a Zeke near Amami, bringing VMF-451’s score to 34 confirmed kills. At 1005 hours, Bunker Hill was struck by two kamikazes, each carrying a bomb that was released prior to impact. Bunker Hill immediately began to burn and the smoke attracted more kamikazes. However, none of the suicide planes were able to penetrate the flak, and Bunker Hill was spared any more hits. The flames were eventually extinguished and CV-17 limped back to Ulithi, then Pearl Harbor, and finally arrived for battle-damage repair at Puget Sound, Washington, on June 3, 1945. VMF-451 rejoined the ground echelon at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro to remain until the end of the war. They earned a Presidential Unit Citation for their efforts in the Japan, Bonins and Ryukyus campaigns, and were deactivated on September 10, 1945.
[edit] 1950s
On July 1, 1946, the "Fightin’ Phillies" were reactivated as a reserve unit at Naval Air Station Willow Grove, Pennsylvania, equipped with the Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat. They remained as a reserve squadron until hostilities broke out in Korea. On March 1, 1951, the unit was recalled to active duty and equipped with the Grumman F9F-2 Panther. VMF-451 was relocated to MCAS El Toro, and periodically deployed to Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii.
In October 1954, VMF-451 upraded to the North American FJ-2 Fury, and adopted the name "Warlords", redesigning their unit insignia to feature a jet punching through a Carling beer label and sporting the motif, "Vini, Vici" meaning "We came, we conquered". On October 20, the "Warlords" craned their Furys on board USS Corregidor (CVE-58), along with the "Death Angels" of VMF-235, to deploy to NAF Atsugi, Japan. In 1956, VMF-451 became the first Marine squadron to receive the upgraded FJ-4 Fury. The following year, the tailcode AM was changed to VM. In June 1957, the "Death Rattlers" of VMF-323 relieved them at Atsugi, and took possession of their airplanes. The "Warlords" then returned to MCAS El Toro and claimed VMF-323’s aircraft, remaining there until September 15, 1958, when they relieved VMF-323 at Ping Tung, North Taiwan, and reclaimed their Furys. The "Warlords" were on station at the end of the Taiwan Straits crisis and returned with their FJ-4s to MCAS El Toro in November 1959 after brief carrier qualifications on board USS Lexington (CVA-16).
[edit] 1960s & 1970s
While at El Toro, VMF-451 upgraded from the FJ-4 Fury to the supersonic Vought F8U-2 Crusader, flying the day fighter for 18 months before upgrading once again to the F8U-2N all-weather variant, and were redesignated VMF(AW)-451. On January 4. 1962, the squadron deployed to Atsugi, but instead of being packed aboard a carrier for a 45-day journey, the "Warlords" became the first squadron to make use of the new KC-130 Hercules for air-to-air refuelling as they flew their aircraft to Japan, arriving seven days later. The "Warlords" remained in the Far East until February 1, 1963, when they were ordered to MCAS Beaufort, South Carolina, where, in the
On 24 August, VMF(AW)-451, with the AJ tailcode, deployed aboard USS Forrestal (CVA-59) for a Mediterranean cruise, before returning to Beaufort on April 7, 1966. On February 1, 1968, the "Warlords" turned in their Crusaders in favour of the McDonnell Douglas F-4J Phantom II. With the new aircraft came the squadron’s current designation, VMFA-451. In July 1976, the squadron was slated to return to their former home, USS Forrestal, with their Phantoms painted in bicentennial markings and sporting CVW-17’s AA tailcode. However, the Med cruise was cancelled and the unit returned to Beaufort.
[edit] 1980s & 1990s
In 1984, VMFA-451 set a safety record of 29,000 accident-free hours in the Phantom. After 21 years in the venerable "Rhino", the "Warlords" exchanged their McDonnell Douglas F-4S Phantom II for the F/A-18 Hornet in September 1987. In May 1989, the squadron again sailed with CVW-13 in Coral Sea for a Med Cruise to end an eight-year absence of Beaufort-based Marine units on carriers. During the cruise, VMFA-451 learned it was the recipient of the 1988 Hanson award as the outstanding Marine fighter-attack squadron, as they surpassed 40,000 accident-free hours. The squadron returned to Beaufort in September 1989.
On August 23, 1990, VMFA-451 deployed to Bahrain in support of Operation Desert Shield. At 0300 on January 17, 1991, the "Warlords" became the first Marine unit to attack Iraqi forces in Operation Desert Storm. The Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Colonel A.S. "Scotty" Dudley, led a four-plane strike as part of a larger 50-aircraft strike force under Marine Aircraft Group 11. The "Warlords" ended the operation with 770 combat sorties and 1,400 combat hours. They returned to MCAS Beaufort with all aircraft and personnel.
VMFA-451 spent the remaining six years leading up to deactivation on the East Coast, making periodic deployments that included exercises in Norway. They returned from the Western Pacific in late July 1996, and from there, wound down a 57-year history. The "Warlords" of VMFA-451 were deactivated on January 31, 1997.
[edit] See also
- United States Marine Corps Aviation
- List of inactive United States Marine Corps aircraft squadrons
- List of active United States Marine Corps aircraft squadrons
[edit] Notes
[edit] References
- Bibliography
- Crowder, Michael J. (2000). United States Marine Corps Aviation Squadron Lineage, Insignia & History - Volume One - The Fighter Squadrons. Paducah, KY: Turner Publishing Company. ISBN 1-56311-926-9.
- Condon, John Pomeroy (1998). Corsairs and Flattops - Marine Carrier Air Warfare, 1944-45. Annapolis Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-127-0.
- Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle - Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939 - 1945.’’. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31906-5.
- Sherrod, Robert (1952). History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Combat Forces Press.
- Web
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