Viy (story)
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"Viy" (Russian: Вий, Ukrainian: Вій) is a horror short story by the Ukrainian-born Russian writer Nikolai Gogol, first published in the first volume of his collection of tales entitled Mirgorod (1835). The title refers to the name of a demonic entity central to the plot.
In 1967 the short story was adapted by Georgi Kropachyov and Konstantin Yershov into the film Viy. An updated version with advanced special effects is scheduled to be released in 2009 to coincide with the 200th anniversary of Gogol's birth[1]. The 2006 film The Power of Fear (Russian title Ведьма, "The Witch")[2] was a sequel meant to continue the story, with elements of horror similar to The Ring[3].
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[edit] Plot summary
Gogol opens the story asserting that he is retelling it exactly as he heard it. The story concerns three students from the Bratsky Monastery at Kiev. At the seminary, there are four types of students; the grammarians (freshmen), rhetoricians (sophomores), philosophers (juniors) and theologians (seniors). Every summer after classes have ended, there is usually a large procession of all the students moving around the area as they travel home, getting progressively smaller as each student arrives at his home. Eventually the group is reduced to three students, the theologian Khaliava, the philosopher Khoma Brut and the rhetorician Tibery Gorobets.
As the night draws in, the students hope to find a village off the main road where they can find some rest and food. However, they become lost in the wilderness, eventually coming upon two small houses and a farm. An old woman there tells them she has little room and cannot accommodate any more travelers, but eventually agrees to let them stay. The rhetorician is put in the hut, the theologian in an empty closet and the philosopher in an empty sheep’s pen.
At night, the old woman comes to Khoma. At first he thinks she is trying to seduce him, but then she draws closer and he sees that her eyes are glowing strangely. She leaps on his back, and he reluctantly finds himself galloping with her all over the countryside with a strength he previously never knew. (This flight obviously influenced Mikhail Bulgakov's depiction of Margarita's violation in the novel Master and Margarita). He eventually slows her down by chanting exorcisms out loud, and then rides on her back and later picks up a piece of wood and beats her as punishment. The old woman later collapses, and he finds out that she has turned into a beautiful girl.
Khoma runs away to Kiev and continues his easy life there, when a rumor reaches his dean that a rich Cossack’s daughter was found crawling home near death, her last wish being for Khoma the philosopher to come and read psalms over her corpse for three days after her death.
Although Khoma is uncertain why the girl requested him specifically, the bribed dean orders him to go to the Cossack’s house and comply with her last wish. Several Cossacks bring him by force to the village where the girl lived. When he is shown the corpse, however, he finds it is the witch he overcame earlier in the story. Rumors among the Cossacks are that the daughter was in league with the devil and they tell horror stories about her evil ways, such as previously riding on another person, drinking blood, and cutting off the braids of village girls.. Therefore, Khoma is reluctant to say prayers over her body at night.
On the first night, when the Cossacks take her body to a ruined church, he is somewhat frightened but calms himself a bit when he lights up more candles in the church to eliminate most of the darkness, other than that above him. As he begins to say prayers, he imagines to himself that the corpse is getting up, but it never does. Suddenly, however, he looks up and finds that the witch is sitting up in her coffin. She begins to walk around, reaching out for someone, and starts to approach to Khoma, but he draws a circle of protection around himself that she cannot cross. She gnashes her teeth at him as he begins to exorcise her, and then she goes into her coffin and flies about the church in it, trying to frighten him out of the circle. Dawn arrives, and he has survived the first night.
The next night similar events occur, but more horrible than before, and the witch calls upon unseen, winged demons and monsters to fly about outside the church. When the Cossacks find the philosopher in the morning, he is near death, pale and leaning against a wall. He tries to escape the next day but is captured and brought back to finish.
On the third night the witch’s corpse is even more terrifying and she calls the demons and monsters around her to bring Viy into the church, who can see everything. Khoma realizes that he cannot look at the creature when they draw his long eyelids up from the floor so he can see, but he does anyway and sees a horrible, iron face staring at him. Viy points in his direction and the monsters leap upon him. Khoma is dead from horror. However, they miss the first crowing of the cock and are unable to escape the church when day breaks.
The priest arrives the next day to find the monsters frozen in the windows as they fled the church and the temple is forsaken forever, eventually overgrown by weeds and trees. The story ends with Khoma’s other two friends commenting on his parting and how it was his lot in life to die in such a way, agreeing that he only came to his end because he flinched and showed fear of the demons.
[edit] In popular culture
- Mario Bava's film Black Sunday is loosely based on "Viy".
- In the 1978 film Piranha, a camp counselor retells Viy's climactic identification of Khoma as a ghost story.
- One of the major monsters in La-Mulana is a demon named Viy, who is extremely massive and requires the help of small flying demons in order to open his eye.
[edit] Notes
- Gogol states in his author's note that Viy, the King of the Gnomes, was an actual character from Ukrainian folklore. This was merely a literary device. In reality, Gogol's monster was based on folk descriptions of St. John Cassian and has no source in pre-Christian Slavic folklore, though a few elements of the story are found in a variety of tales from Eastern Europe.
[edit] References
- Gogol, Nikolai. Pevear, R. and Volokhonsky, L. (Trans). The Collected Tales of Nikolai Gogol. 1998, Vintage Classics.
- Complete text in Russian: [3]
[edit] Footnotes
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