Vitskøl Abbey

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Vitskøl Abbey, west wing

Vitskøl Abbey (Vitskøl Kloster) is a former Cistercian monastery near Ranum in Himmerland in Region Nordjylland, Denmark, one of the oldest existing monastic complexes in northern Europe^{[citation needed]}.

1 History
- 1.1 Vitskøl
- 1.2 Bjørnsholm
2 Present day
- 2.1 Herb garden
3 Notes
4 Sources

[edit] History

[edit] Vitskøl

Vitskøl Abbey^[1] was founded by Cistercian monks in exile from Varnhem Abbey in Sweden, . They were replaced by monks from Esrum Abbey, which is reckoned the nother house of Vitskøl. It stood on an ancient trade route through north central Denmark on land given to the Cistercians by King Valdemar I the Great after his victory over King Sweyn III at the Battle of Grathe Heath, with the intent of building the largest church in Scandinavia. The exact date of the foundation is not known, but work on the buildings commenced in 1158.

As early as 1165 the community of Vitskøl had grown sufficiently to found a daughter house at Sminge. This community did not remain there long, but after a few years of moving around various sites, found a permanent location and became Øm Abbey.

The buildings were in the usual Cistercian layout, but the cruciform church, with three aisles, a transept and an apse, was intended to be unusually large, in accordance with the founder's wishes. Work on the choir and transept continued until 1287 when a fire destroyed much of the abbey. Another feature of the early building was a large cloister with several apses built into it, a local extravagance. The work on the great church was abandoned, and a smaller abbey church was built to take care of the needs of the community.

With royal protection and the gifts of the local nobility, the abbey became the major landowner in the area, as well as a centre of cultural life and economy. The abbey also owned the island of Livø and had the right to hold a market on Trend Strand; trade and communication was further encouraged by the canal that joined the present Bjørnsholm Å to Vilsted Sø. Vitskøl also became particularly well-known for its school. The abbey reached its high point in the 14th century.

When Denmark became officially Lutheran in October 1536, Vitskøl Abbey became crown property, but remained in operation for a while, although it was forbidden to accept any new monks. The last monks left in 1563.

[edit] Bjørnsholm

In 1573 the estate was given to Bjørn Andersen, a powerful noble, after whom it was renamed Bjørnsholm, who converted two of the conventual buildings for residential use.

The church remained in use as the parish church until the early 17th century, when it was deemed too large to keep in repair, at which point the west wing of the abbey was converted to a parish church instead. The abbey church was finally abandoned in 1668, and was used by local people as a quarry for building materials.

The property remained in private ownership until 1934 and 1942, when it was acquired by the state in two parcels.

[edit] Present day

The principal residential building has been renamed Vitskøl Kloster, but the farm retains the name Bjørnsholm.

The remaining abbey buildings have now been restored and are used for conferences and educational purposes. The remaining ruins, consisting of foundation stones and a few remnants of the abbey church, have been given protected status and stabilized.

[edit] Herb garden

A reminder of the abbey's past can be found in the abbey herb garden. The abandoned gardens were allowed to grow wild and researchers found that many of the plants used by monks in the distant past could still be found on the abbey grounds. The gardens have been partially restored by local organizations and used for plant research.