Viscum album
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 Viscum album growing on a Populus species
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| Viscum album L. |
Viscum album[1] is a species of mistletoe, the species originally so-named, and also known as European Mistletoe or Common Mistletoe to distinguish it from other related species. It is native to Europe, and western and southern Asia.
It is a hemi-parasitic shrub, which grows on the stems of other trees. It has stems 30-100 cm long with dichotomous branching. The leaves are in opposite pairs, strap-shaped, entire, leathery textured, 2-8 cm long and 0.8-2.5 cm broad, yellowish-green in colour. Usually dioecious, the flowers are inconspicuous, yellowish-green, 2-3 mm diameter. The fruit is a white or yellow berry containing several seeds embedded in the very sticky, glutinous fruit pulp.
Up to four subspecies are commonly accepted[2][3][4][5] and two others sometimes so. They differ in fruit colour, leaf shape and size, and most obviously in the host trees utilised.
- Viscum album subsp. abietis (Wiesb.) Abromeit. Central Europe. Fruit white; leaves up to 8 cm. On Abies.
- Viscum album subsp. album. Europe, southwestern Asia east to Nepal. Fruit white; leaves 3-5 cm. On Malus, Populus, Tilia, and less often on numerous other species, including (rarely) Quercus.
- Viscum album subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollmann. Fruit yellow; leaves 2-4 cm. Central Europe. On Larix, Pinus, Picea.
- Viscum album subsp. meridianum (Danser) D.G.Long. Southeastern Asia. Fruit yellow; leaves 3-5 cm. On Acer, Carpinus, Juglans, Prunus, Sorbus.
- Viscum album subsp. creticum has recently been described from eastern Crete [6] Fruit white; leaves short. On Pinus brutia.
- Viscum album subsp. coloratum Kom. is treated by the Flora of China[3] as a distinct species Viscum coloratum (Kom) Nakai.
[edit] Mythology and symbolism
It has always attracted interest and has been surrounded by a number of myths and legends. In some countries it plays a part in Christmas festivities. It also features in the popular Asterix comic books, where mistletoe collected from oaks was considered to have special qualities.
 Fruit of subsp. album, Poland |
 Plant of subsp. austriacum on Pinus sylvestris, Poland |
 19th century illustration by Köhler |
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[edit] References
- ^ D. Zuber (2004). Biological flora of Central Europe: Viscum album L. Flora 199, 181-203
- ^ Flora Europaea: Viscum album
- ^ a b Flora of China: Viscum album
- ^ Bean, W. J. (1980). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 8th ed. 4: 725-726. ISBN 0-7195-2428-8
- ^ Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). The Illustrated Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-40170-2.
- ^ Böhling, N., Greuter, W., Raus, T., Snogerup, B., Snogerup, S. & Zuber, D. (2003). Notes on the Cretan mistletoe, Viscum album subsp. creticum subsp. nova (Loranthaceae/Viscaceae). Israel J. Pl. Sci. 50 (Suppl.): 77-84.
- Flora of Pakistan: Viscum album
- Viscum album subsp. creticum
- Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening 4: 676. ISBN 0-333-47494-5
