Virginia Military Institute

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Virginia Military Institute
Motto:	Consilio et Animis By wisdom and courage (Latin)
Established:	1839
Type:	Public military college
Endowment:	$333.4 million
Superintendent:	J. H. Binford Peay III
Faculty:	145
Students:	1,377[1]
Location:	Lexington, Virginia, U.S.
Campus:	Rural, 134 acres (54.22 ha)
Colors:	Red, White, and Yellow
Nickname:	Keydets
Mascot:	Moe the Kangaroo
Athletics:	NCAA Division I, Big South Conference
Affiliations:	Association of American Colleges, Association of Virginia Colleges
Website:	www.vmi.edu

The Virginia Military Institute (VMI), located in Lexington, Virginia, is the oldest state military college and one of six senior military colleges in the United States.^[2] In keeping with its founding principles, and unlike any other state military college in the United States, all VMI students are military cadets. VMI offers cadets a spartan, physically demanding environment combined with strict military discipline. VMI offers only bachelor's degrees in 14 disciplines in the fields of engineering, science, and the liberal arts.

Although VMI has been called the "West Point of the South,"^[3] it differs from the federal service academies. For example, while all VMI cadets must participate in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), they are not required to serve in the military as the service academies are, and may either accept a commission in any of the U.S. military branches or pursue civilian endeavors upon graduation.

VMI's Mission Statement:

It is the mission of the Virginia Military Institute to produce educated and honorable men and women, prepared for the varied work of civil life, imbued with love of learning, confident in the functions and attitudes of leadership, possessing a high sense of public service, advocates of the American Democracy and free enterprise system, and ready as citizen-soldiers to defend their country in time of national peril.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early history 1.2 Civil War period 1.3 World War I and II 1.4 Superintendents 2 Campus 3 Academic programs 4 Rankings 4.1 Academic 4.2 Alumni giving 5 Students 5.1 Admission of women 5.2 Student life 5.3 Ratline 5.4 Traditions 5.5 Honor System 5.6 Clubs and activities 6 Military service 7 Athletics 7.1 Football 7.2 Men's Basketball 8 Notable graduates 9 Trivia 10 References 11 External links

[edit] History

[edit] Early history

On November 11, 1839, the Virginia Military Institute was founded on the site of the Lexington state arsenal, and the first Cadets relieved personnel on duty. Under Major General Francis Henney Smith, superintendent, and Colonel Claudius Crozet, president of the Board of Visitors, the Corps was imbued with the discipline and the spirit for which it is famous. The first cadet to march a sentinel post was Private John Strange in 1839. Since Strange's posting nearly 200 years ago, there have been sentinels posted at VMI 24 hours a day, seven days a week, during the school year.

The Class of 1842 graduated 16 cadets into the ranks of the first alumni. Living conditions were poor until 1850 when the cornerstone of the new barracks was laid. In 1851, Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson became a member of the faculty and professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy. Under then-Major Jackson and Major William Gilham, VMI infantry and artillery units were present at the execution by hanging of John Brown at Charles Town, Virginia (now West Virginia) in 1859.

[edit] Civil War period

The Institute played a valuable part in the training of the Southern armies as well as participating in actual battle. VMI cadets were called into active military service on 14 different occasions during the American Civil War and many cadets, under the leadership of General Stonewall Jackson, were sent to Camp Lee, at Richmond, to train recruits. VMI alumni were regarded as some of the best officers of the South and several distinguished themselves in the Union forces as well.

Fifteen graduates rose to the rank of general in the Confederate Army.^[4] At the Battle of Chancellorsville, Stonewall Jackson was reported to say, "The Institute will be heard from today," commenting on the leadership provided by VMI alumni during the battle.

On May 15, 1864, VMI cadets fought as an independent unit at the Battle of New Market.^[5] VMI is the only military college in the United States that holds this distinction and is therefore the only school authorized to "fix bayonets" during parades.^{[citation needed]} The cadets who fought that day ranged in age from 14 to 22, though through the years claims of cadets as young as 12 fighting have been made.[8] General John C. Breckinridge, the commanding Southern general, held the cadets in reserve and did not use them until Union troops broke through the Confederate lines. Upon seeing the tide of battle turning in favor of the Union forces, Breckinridge stated, "Put the boys in...and may God forgive me for the order." The Cadets held the line and eventually pushed forward, capturing a Union artillery emplacement, securing victory for the confederates. The Union troops were withdrawn and Confederate troops under General Breckinridge held the Shenandoah Valley. VMI suffered fifty-two casualties with ten cadets killed in action and forty-two wounded. The cadets were led into battle by Commandant of Cadets and future VMI Superintendent Col. Scott Ship. Ship was also wounded during the battle. Six of the ten fallen cadets are buried on VMI grounds behind the statue, "Virginia Mourning Her Dead" by sculptor Moses Ezekiel, a VMI graduate who was also injured in the Battle of New Market.

The Institute was shelled and burned on June 12, 1864, by Union forces under the command of General David Hunter, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. The destruction was almost complete and VMI had to temporarily hold classes at the Alms house in Richmond, Virginia. In April 1865, Richmond was evacuated due to the impending fall of Petersburg and the VMI Corps of Cadets was disbanded.

The Lexington campus reopened for classes on October 17, 1865.^[6] It is said that Confederate General Jubal A. Early burned the town of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in retaliation for the shelling of VMI.^{[citation needed]}

Following the war, Matthew Fontaine Maury, the pioneering oceanographer known as the "Pathfinder of the Seas", accepted a teaching position at VMI, holding the physics chair.

[edit] World War I and II

During World War II, VMI participated in the War Department's Army Specialized Training Program from 1943 to 1946. The program provided training in engineering and related subjects to enlisted men at colleges across the United States. Over 2,100 ASTP members studied at VMI during the war.

[edit] Superintendents

Since 1839, the Virginia Military Institute has had fourteen superintendents. Francis H. Smith was the first and the longest serving, filling the position for 50 years.

1. Francis H. Smith (1839-1889)
2. Scott Ship (1890-1907)
3. Edward W. Nichols (1907-1924)
4. William H. Cocke (1924-1929)
5. John A. Lejeune (1929-1937) Also a Commandant of the Marine Corps
6. Charles E. Kilbourne (1937-1946) Medal of Honor recipient and the first American to earn all three of the United States' highest military decorations.
7. Richard J. Marshall (1946-1952)
8. William H. Milton, Jr. (1952-1960)
9. George R. E. Shell (1960-1971)
10. Richard L. Irby (1971-1981)
11. Sam S. Walker (1981-1988)
12. John W. Knapp (1989-1995)
13. Josiah Bunting III (1995-2002)
14. J. H. Binford Peay III (2003-present)

Only three of the fourteen superintendents of VMI were not graduates of the Institute.

[edit] Campus

The VMI campus covers 134 acres, 12 of which are designated as the Virginia Military Institute Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The campus is referred to as the "Post."

All cadets are housed on campus in a large five-story building, called the "barracks." The Old Barracks, which has been designated a National Historic Landmark, stands on the site of the old arsenal. The new wing of the barracks ("New Barracks") was completed in 1949. The two wings surround two quadrangles connected by a sally port. All rooms open onto porch-like stoops facing one of the quadrangles. A third barracks wing is under construction on the site of the former visitor's center. The four arched entries into the barracks are named for George Washington, Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, George Marshall and Jonathan Daniels.

Next to the Barracks are offices and meeting areas for VMI clubs and organizations, the cadet visitors center and lounge, a snack bar, and a Barnes & Noble-operated bookstore.

Currently, VMI's campus is busy with construction due to the "Vision 2039" program. Under this capital campaign, VMI's alumni and supporters raised over $275 million over three years. The Barracks are being expanded to house 1,500 cadets, all academic buildings are being renovated and modernized, and VMI is spending an additional $200 million to build the VMI Center for Leadership and Ethics. The new Leadership Center will be used by VMI cadets, Washington and Lee University students, and other students throughout the country and abroad to develop leadership abilities combined with a focus on integrity and honor to benefit tomorrow's world. The Center will also be home to VMI's Distinguished Speaker Series and its Leadership Symposia. The funding will also support "study abroad" programs including joint ventures with Oxford and Cambridge Universities in England and many other universities.

[edit] Academic programs

VMI's academic programs are grouped into four areas: Engineering, Liberal Arts, Science, and Leadership. Within those departments, it offers 14 major and 22 minor areas of study.^[7]

The Engineering department has concentrations in three areas: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering.^[8] The current Chief of Engineers of the Army Corps of Engineers, Lieutenant General Carl A. Strock, is a VMI Engineering graduate, as was his predecessor, Robert B. Flowers.^[9]

The majority of classes are taught by full-time professors, 96 percent of whom hold Ph.D.s.^[10]

Within four months of graduation, on average, 97 percent of VMI graduates are serving in the military, employed, or admitted to graduate or professional schools.^[11]

VMI has graduated more Rhodes Scholars than all the other state military colleges in the United States combined, graduating ten Rhodes Scholars since 1921.^{[12][13][14][15][16][17]} In 2007, VMI had two Rhodes Scholarship finalists and one Marshall Scholarship finalist.^[18]

[edit] Rankings

[edit] Academic

In 2008, VMI ranked third in the U.S. News and World Report rankings of the 27 public liberal arts colleges in the United States.^[19][20] Compared to the top 100 U.S. liberal arts colleges, public and private, it ranked 71st out of 122 (including ties).^[21]

VMI is the only state military college in the nation ranked with the US Service Academies.

Also in 2008, US News ranked VMI's Civil Engineering program seventh, and its overall Engineering program 25th in the United States in their category of "Best Engineering Programs Where the Highest Degree is a Bachelor's or Master's."^[22]

VMI was the only state military college in the country named a "College of Distinction" in 2007 by Student Horizons, Inc.^[23]

Kiplinger's magazine, in its ranking of the "Best Values in Public Colleges" for 2006, made mention of the Virginia Military Institute as a "great value", although the military nature of its program excluded it from consideration as a traditional four-year college in the rankings.^[24]

[edit] Alumni giving

VMI is known for the financial support of its alumni — in a 1999 study by the National Association of College and University Business Officers, VMI's $280 million endowment at the time was the largest per-student endowment of any public undergraduate college in the United States.^[25] VMI's endowment of $333,392,423, as of December 31, 2007, is the largest per-capita endowment of any public college in the United States.^[26]

[edit] Students

Of the 1251 students enrolled in 2005, 66 were African-American, 39 were Asian, 34 were Hispanic and 71 were women.^{[citation needed]}

The first Jewish cadet, Moses Jacob Ezekiel, graduated in 1866. While at VMI, Ezekiel fought with the VMI cadets at the Battle of New Market. He became a sculptor and his works are on display at VMI.

One of the first Asian cadets was Sun Li-jen, the Chinese National Revolutionary Army general, who graduated in 1927.

The first African-American cadets were admitted in 1968. The first African-American regimental commander was Derren McDew, class of 1982. McDew is currently a U.S. Air Force brigadier general and vice-commander of the Eighteenth Air Force at Scott Air Force Base.

It is unknown when the first Muslim cadet graduated from VMI, but in 1985 the first Iranian cadet graduated. Before the Iranian Revolution, under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, several Persian cadets attended and graduated from VMI.

VMI has traditionally enrolled cadets from the armed forces of Thailand and the Republic of China (Taiwan). Graduates have gone on to pursue graduate degrees after VMI at prestigious universities throughout the United States before returning to their countries to continue their military service. Several graduates reached general and flag officer ranks.

During the 1990s, many other nations were represented in the Corps of Cadets, including Great Britain, Bangladesh, Finland, Botswana, Germany, Kenya, South Korea, and Japan. Michael Lokale of Kenya was chosen as VMI's tenth Rhodes Scholar in 2003.

[edit] Admission of women

VMI was the last U.S. military college to admit women. VMI excluded women from the Corps of Cadets until 1997. In 1990, the U.S. Department of Justice filed a discrimination lawsuit against VMI for its all-male admissions policy.

While the court challenge was pending, a state-sponsored Virginia Women's Institute for Leadership (VWIL) was opened at Mary Baldwin College in Staunton, Virginia, as a parallel program for women. The VWIL continued, even after VMI's admission of women.^[27]

After VMI won its case in U.S. District Court, the case went through several appeals until June 26, 1996, when the U.S. Supreme Court, in a 7-1 decision in United States v. Virginia, found that it was unconstitutional for a school supported by public funds to exclude women. (Justice Clarence Thomas recused himself because his son was attending VMI at the time.) Following the ruling, VMI contemplated going private to exempt itself from the 14th Amendment, and thus avoid the ruling. However, Assistant Secretary of Defense Frederick F.Y. Pang warned the school that the Department of Defense would withdraw ROTC programs from the school if privatization took place. As a result of this action by Pang, Congress passed a resolution on November 18, 1997, prohibiting the Department of Defense from withdrawing or diminishing any ROTC program at one of the six senior military colleges, including VMI. This escape clause provided by Congress came after the VMI Board of Visitors had already voted 8-7 to admit women and the decision was not revisited.

In August 1997, VMI enrolled its first female cadets, 30 women who would be held to the same strict physical courses and technical training as the male cadets. VMI believes firmly in "one corps, one standard" and, unlike any other state military college, VMI has not adopted "gender-normed" physical training standards.^[28] Female Rats are required to maintain a short haircut of approximately four inches or less and are forbidden to wear makeup or jewelry.

[edit] Student life

Both academically and physically, daily life at VMI is highly demanding. VMI is an extremely traditional and old-fashioned military college. Today, as nearly 200 years ago, cadets at VMI sleep on cots for their entire cadetship. Additionally, televisions, posters, and civilian clothes are never allowed in cadets' rooms. VMI cadets wear uniforms every day and eat their meals together in a mess hall. In many ways, life at VMI today is little changed from life at VMI in 1839.

Potential students must be between 16 to 22 years of age. They must be unmarried, physically fit for enrollment in the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) and be graduates of an accredited secondary school or have completed an approved homeschool curriculum. New cadets at VMI have an average SAT score of nearly 1200 and an average high school GPA of 3.39.^[29]

Eligibility is not restricted to Virginia residents, although it is more difficult to gain an appointment as a non-resident, as VMI has a goal that no more than 45 percent of cadets come from outside Virginia.^[30] VMI has graduated students from across the U.S. and from many other countries. Virginia residents receive a discount in tuition, as is common at most state-sponsored schools. Tuition for the 2005-2006 school year is approximately $15,000 for Virginia residents and $28,000 for all others. These fees can be misleading, because VMI's endowment enables VMI to meet a substantial amount of a cadets's financial need before the cadet needs loans.

[edit] Ratline

The new cadet, known as a "Rat", walks a prescribed line in barracks while in an exaggerated, painful form of attention known as "straining". The Rat experience, called the Ratline, is among the toughest and most grueling initiation programs in the country. It is best described as a longer version of the Marine Corps boot camp combined with rigorous academics. The ratline is intended to instill pride, discipline, brotherhood, and a sense of honor in the students. A Rat faces many physical and mental challenges and must memorize rules, school songs, and facts about the school and its history. After having their heads shaved bald (or cut very short for female cadets so that their ears show), the Rats undergo their first week "Hell Week" in a long year of intense military and physical training. The initial week is a crash course in everything VMI: how to wear every uniform, how to march, how to clean an M-14 rifle, etc.

Once the first week is complete, life continues to get tougher as Rats await the arrival of the returning students, the "Old Corps". Each Rat is paired with a first classman (senior) who serves as a mentor for the rest of the first year. This pairing is integral to cadet life at VMI. The first classman is called a "Dyke", reference to an older phrase "to dyke out", or to get into a uniform. This arose from a pair of cadets helping each other get into the full parade dress uniform, which includes white pants or ducks, a full dress coatee, belt and leather cartridge box, a military dress shako, and several large web belts, or "cross dykes", that are extremely difficult to don alone, along with a school-issued M-14 rifle. Cadet officers and noncommissioned officers have the privilege of bearing a sash and sabre, while the Institute's regimental band carries instruments for parades and formal functions.

During the freshman year, Rats continue to undergo training from the most highly skilled cadets at VMI, known as "the Cadre". The Cadre enforces all rules as the Rats live a life of "sweat parties", early morning runs, late night runs, and countless push-ups. It is hoped they will learn to think under pressure and focus on a team approach to solving challenges.

The Ratline experience culminates with Resurrection Week ending in "Breakout." An event during the second semester where the Rats are formally welcomed to the VMI community. After break out, rats are officially fourth class students and no longer have to strain in the barracks or eat "square meals" at attention. Many versions of the Breakout ceremony have been conducted. In the 1950s, Rats from each company would be packed into a corner room in the barracks and brawl their way out through the upperclassmen. From the late 1960s through the early 1980s, the Rats had to fight their way up to the fourth level of the barracks through three other classes of cadets determined not to let them get to the top. The stoops would often be slick with motor oil, packed with snow, glazed with ice, greased, or continuously hosed with water. The barracks stairs and rails were not able to take the abuse, so the Corps moved the breakout to a muddy hill where Rats attempt to climb to the top by crawling on their stomachs while the upper classes block them or drag them back down. As of 2004 though, the Rats no longer breakout in the mud but instead participate in a grueling day of physical activity testing both physical endurance and team work.^[31]

[edit] Traditions

In addition to the Ratline, VMI has other traditions that are emblematic of the school and its history including the new cadet oath ceremony, the pagentry of close-order marching, and the nightly playing of "Taps".

An event second only to graduation in importance is the "Ring Figure" dance held every November. During their junior year, cadets receive class rings at a ring presentation ceremony followed by a formal dance.^[32] The rings, which are one of the largest college rings in America, are often referred to as "nuggets of gold". Most cadets get two rings, a formal ring and a combat ring; some choose to have the combat ring for everyday wear, and the formal for special occasions.^{[citation needed]}

Every year, VMI honors its fallen cadets with a New Market Day parade and ceremony. During this ceremony, roll is called for cadets who "died on the Field of Honor" and wreaths are placed on the graves of those who died during the Battle of New Market.

The requirement that all first-year cadets eat in the mess hall was the basis for a lawsuit in 2002 when two cadets sued VMI over the prayer said before dinner. The non-denominational prayer had been a daily fixture since the 1950s.^[33][34][35] In 2002, the Fourth Circuit ruled the prayer, during an event with mandatory attendance, at a state-funded school, violated the U.S. Constitution. When the Supreme Court declined to review the school's appeal in April 2004, the prayer tradition was stopped.^[36]

[edit] Honor System

VMI is known for its strict Honor System. Under the VMI Honor Code, "a cadet does not lie, cheat, steal, nor tolerate those who do." ^[37] There is only one punishment for violating the Honor Code: immediate expulsion in the form of a "drumming out" ceremony. VMI maintains the last "single sanction" honor code in the United States.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Clubs and activities

VMI currently offers over 50 school-sponsored clubs and organizations, including recreational activities, military organizations, musical and performance groups, religious organizations and service groups.^[38][39]

Although VMI prohibited cadet membership in fraternal organizations starting in 1885, VMI cadets were instrumental in starting several fraternities. Alpha Tau Omega fraternity was founded by VMI cadets Otis Allen Glazebrook, Alfred Marshall, and Erskine Mayo Ross at Richmond, Virginia on September 11, 1865 while the school was closed for reconstruction. After the re-opening, Kappa Sigma Kappa fraternity was founded by cadets on September 28, 1867 and Sigma Nu fraternity was founded by cadets on January 1, 1869.^[40] VMI cadets formed the second chapter of the Kappa Alpha Order fraternity.^[41] In a special arrangement, graduating cadets may be nominated by Kappa Alpha Order alumni and inducted into the fraternity, becoming part of Kappa Alpha Order's Beta Commission (a commission as opposed to an active chapter). This occurs following graduation, and the newly-initiated VMI alumni are accepted as brothers of the fraternity. ^[42]

[edit] Military service

The Virginia Military Institute offers ROTC programs for all four U.S. military branches.^[43] While four years of ROTC is a requirement for all cadets, accepting a commission in the armed forces is optional. The VMI Board of Visitors has set a goal of having 70 percent of VMI cadets take a commission by 2015.^[44] The VMI class of 2007 achieved a 51 percent commissioning rate.^[45]

As of 2006, VMI has graduated 265 General Officers and Flag Officers, more than any other college in the United States, except for the federal service academies.^[46][47] Among its most distinguished military graduates are the first five-star General of the Army, George Marshall;^[48] six recipients of the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government, the Medal of Honor;^[49] and nine four-star generals, again, more than any other college in the United States excluding the federal service academies.

The table below lists all United States Generals (four-star) who graduated from VMI (The table does not include four-star Alumni of the Institute who attended VMI but graduated elsewhere, such as Generals Patton and Walker. Nor does the table include the many graduates of VMI who attained the rank of four star general in military service to foreign nations such as Thailand, China, and Taiwan):

	Name	VMI Class	Branch of Service	Date of Four-Star Rank	Notes
1	George Marshall	1901	Army	September 1, 1939	10th four-star General in US Army history 1st non-USMA four-star General Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1939-1945 Promoted to be 1st General of the Army, December 16, 1944 Special Representative of the President in China, 1945-1947 U.S. Secretary of State, 1947-1949 President, American Red Cross, 1949-1950 U.S. Secretary of Defense, 1950-1951 Congressional Gold Medal, 1946 Nobel Peace Prize, 1953
2	Thomas T. Handy	1916	Army	March 13, 1945	22nd four-star General in US Army history Deputy Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1944-1947 Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1947-1949 Commander in Chief, European Command, 1949-1952 Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group, 1952 Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command, 1952-1954
3	Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr.	1917	USMC	January 1, 1952	3rd four-star General in USMC history Commandant, U.S. Marine Corps, 1952-1955 Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1956-1959
4	Leonard T. Gerow	1911	Army	July 19, 1954	retired
5	Randolph M. Pate	1921	USMC	January 1, 1956	4th four-star General in USMC history Commandant, U.S. Marine Corps, 1956-1959
6	Clark L. Ruffner	1924	Army	March 1, 1960	51st four-star General in US Army history U.S. Military Representative, NATO Military Committee, 1960-1962
7	David M. Maddox	1960	Army	July 9, 1992	149th four-star General in US Army history Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe/Commander, Central Army Group, 1992-1993 Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe, 1993-1994
8	J. H. Binford Peay III	1962	Army	March 26, 1993	150th four-star General in US Army history Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1993-1994 Commander in Chief, U.S. Central Command, 1994-1997 Superintendent, Virginia Military Institute, 2003-present
9	John P. Jumper	1966	Air Force	November 17, 1997	152nd four-star General in US Air Force history Commander in Chief, U.S. Air Forces in Europe/Commander, Allied Air Forces Central Europe, 1997-2000 Commander, Air Combat Command, 2000-2001 Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force, 2001-2005

[edit] Athletics

VMI fields 15 teams on the NCAA Division I level (FCS, formerly I-AA, for football). Varsity sports include baseball, basketball, men's and women's cross-country, football, lacrosse, men's and women's rifle, men and women's soccer, swimming, men's and women's indoor and outdoor track, wrestling, and Rugby union. VMI is a member of the Big South, the Southern (for wrestling), and the Metro Atlantic Athletic (for men's lacrosse) conferences. The VMI team name is the Keydets, possibly a Southern style slang for the word "cadets".

VMI has the third-smallest enrollment of any FCS football college, after Presbyterian and Wofford.^[50] Approximately one-third of the Corps of Cadets plays on at least one of VMI's intercollegiate athletic teams, making it one of the most active athletic programs in the country. Of the VMI athletes who complete their eligibility, 92 percent receive their VMI diplomas.^[51]

[edit] Football

VMI played its first football game in 1871. The one-game season was a 2-4 loss to Washington and Lee University. There are no records of a coach or any players for that game.^[52] VMI waited another twenty years until 1891 when head coach Walter Taylor would coach the next football team.^[53]

The current head football coach at VMI, Sparky Woods, was named the 30th head coach on February 13, 2008.^[54]

[edit] Men's Basketball

Perhaps the most famous athletic story in VMI history was the two-year run of the 1976 and 1977 basketball teams. The 1976 squad advanced within one game of the Final Four before bowing to undefeated Rutgers in the East Regional Final, and in 1977 VMI finished with 26 wins and just four losses, still a school record, and reached the "Sweet 16" round of the NCAA tournament.

[edit] Notable graduates

VMI's alumni include a Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Nobel Prize winners, Pulitzer Prize winners, Rhodes Scholars, Medal of Honor recipients, U.S. Senators and Representatives, college and university presidents, and many business leaders. Some examples:

• Richard Thomas Walker Duke, 1844. U.S. congressman from Virginia, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, colonel in the Confederate States Army.
• Reuben Lindsay Walker, 1845. Confederate Army brigadier general and one of the Confederacy's most noted artillerymen.^{[citation needed]}
• William Mahone, 1847. Confederate Army major general, member Virginia General Assembly, U.S. Senator (1881–1887), and railroad executive.
• Robert E. Rodes, 1848. Railroad civil engineer and a Confederate Army major general killed during the Battle of Opequon in the Shenandoah Valley.
• Benjamin Franklin Ficklin, 1849. A founder of the Pony Express.
• James H. Lane, 1854. Confederate Army brigadier general who fought in Pickett's Charge, civil engineering professor, and founder of Virginia Tech.
• Thomas T. Munford, 1854. Confederate Army Brigadier-General.
• John McCausland, 1857. Confederate Army Brigadier-General, serving under General Jubal Early.
• Walter H. Taylor, 1857. Confederate Army lieutenant colonel, chief aide-de-camp to General Robert E. Lee (1861–1865), lawyer, banker, author, railroad executive based in Norfolk, Virginia, and Senator in the Virginia General Assembly.
• Clarence E Sutton, 1890. Medal of Honor recipient.
• Charles E. Kilbourne, 1894. Medal of Honor recipient.
• Cary D. Langhorne, 1894. Medal of Honor recipient.
• Henry G. Shirley, 1896. Commissioner, Virginia Department of Highways.
• Aldophus Staton, 1899. Medal of Honor recipient.
• George Marshall, 1901. General of the Army, Chief of Staff of the Army during World War II, U.S. Secretary of State (1947–1949), U.S. Secretary of Defense (1950), and Nobel Peace Prize winner for the Marshall Plan in Europe after World War II.
• William P. Upshur, 1902. Medal of Honor recipient.
• John D. Ewing, 1913. Publisher of the Shreveport Times, 1931-1952.
• Leonard T. Gerow, 1911. General, U.S. Army; Commanding General, V Corps Omaha Beach, Battle of the Bulge and European Campaign, July 1943 - January 1945; Commanding General, U.S. Fifteenth Army, February 1945 - June 1948.
• Richard Marshall, 1915. U.S. Army general during World War II.
• Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., 1917. U.S. Marine Corps general and twentieth commandant of the Marine Corps.
• Randolph McCall Pate, 1921. U.S. Marine Corps general and twenty-first commandant of the Marine Corps.
• Giles H. Miller, 1924. President and Chairman of the Board, Culpeper National Bank, President of VMI Alumni Association, Director of The George C. Marshall Foundation.
• Sun Li-jen, 1927. Kuomintang (KMT) Lieutenant General, Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War, nicknamed "Rommel of the East".
• John Cherry Monks Jr 1932 Playwright, actor, author, screenwriter, producer and World War II U.S. Marine
• Frank McCarthy, 1933. Academy Award winning producer and Brigadier General, U.S. Army Reserves.
• Bobby Thomason, 1949. Former NFL Pro Bowl quarterback.
• Billy J. Guin, 1950. Engineer and city official in Shreveport, Louisiana, 30 years in the U.S. Army Reserve
• Edward R. Schowalter, Jr., 1951. Medal of Honor recipient.
• Fred Willard, 1955. American comedian and actor.
• Bobby Ross, 1959. Former head coach of the United States Military Academy, University of Maryland, College Park, Georgia Tech, the San Diego Chargers and the Detroit Lions football teams.
• Jonathan Myrick Daniels, 1961. American civil rights activist and one of fifteen modern-day martyrs listed by the Anglican Church.
• J. H. Binford Peay III, 1962. U.S. Army general, commander 101st Airborne, commander United States Central Command, and fourteenth superintendent of VMI.
• W. Patrick Lang, 1962. Retired US Army Special Forces Officer, U.S. intelligence executive, commentator on the Middle East, and author.
• John P. Jumper, 1966. Retired U.S. Air Force general and former USAF Chief of Staff.
• Robert Flowers, 1969. U.S. Army lieutenant general and commander, Army Corps of Engineers.
• Carl A. Strock, 1970. U.S. Army lieutenant general and current commander, Army Corps of Engineers
• Daniel J. Darnell, 1975. U.S. Air Force lieutenant general, former commander and lead pilot of the USAF’s aerial demonstration team, The Thunderbirds.
• James Hickey, 1982. U.S. Army colonel who commanded Operation Red Dawn, the operation which captured Saddam Hussein.

[edit] Trivia

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• James A. Walker was expelled in 1852 just before his graduation for "disobedience" in Stonewall Jackson's classroom. Cadet Walker had challenged Jackson to a duel over a perceived insult. VMI granted him an honorary degree in 1872 in recognition of his Civil War service, where he rose to the rank of brigadier general and commanded the "Stonewall Brigade". ^[55]
• John Mercer Brooke, inventor of the Brooke Rifled Gun and worked on building the CSS Virginia ironclad. The Maury-Brooke Hall at VMI is named after him.
• Richard E. Byrd, the U.S. Navy rear admiral and polar explorer, studied at VMI for two years, from 1904 to 1906.^[56]
• The Cadet, the institute's student newspaper, has been run independently by cadets since 1907.
• Lewis Burwell "Chesty" Puller resigned from VMI after his freshman year to enlist as a Private in the United States Marine Corps in August 1918. He retired as a Lieutenant General as the most decorated Marine in U.S. history.
• George Patton, like his father and grandfather who were both VMI graduates, studied at VMI. After leaving VMI, Patton graduated from West Point.
• Major General John A. Lejeune, 13th Commandant of the Marine Corps, was Superintendent of VMI from 1929 to 1937.
• Ronald Reagan starred in the film, "Brother Rat", which was filmed at VMI. Originally a Broadway hit, the play was written by John Monks Jr. and Fred F. Finklehoffe, both 1932 graduates of VMI.^[57]
• Steven J. McAuliffe, a federal judge in New Hampshire, VMI class of 1971, was the husband of Christa McAuliffe, the teacher who died in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. She had his VMI ring with her on the shuttle. Because of a special agreement between VMI and the supplier of its rings, all VMI graduates are given a new ring if their original is ever lost or stolen.^{[citation needed]}
• Southern Military Institute is a proposed all-male, private military college. The initiative is led by a 1977 VMI graduate to protest the 1996 court decision allowing women to enroll.^[58]

[edit] References

• After 158 years, VMI opened doors to women Monday, http://www.cnn.com/US/9708/17/vmi.women/
• Origin of Keydets and Moe the Kangaroo, http://www.vmikeydets.com/section_front.asp?arttypeid=530
• Series of articles on campus life by the Roanoke Times, http://www.roanoke.com/roatimes/vmi/vmi.html
• One Alumni's Remembrances, http://www.ronstultz.com/words/Words/Pt%20on%20the%20Stoops.pdf

[edit] External links

• Official VMI website
• Official VMI athletics website
• Map of VMI campus

• Virginia Military Institute is at coordinates 37°47′25″N 79°26′19″W / 37.790278, -79.438611 (Virginia Military Institute)Coordinates: 37°47′25″N 79°26′19″W / 37.790278, -79.438611 (Virginia Military Institute)

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