Viola bicolor

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Viola bicolor
A light morph of Viola bicolor growing in a sandy field along the mouth of the James River in southeastern Virginia
A light morph of Viola bicolor growing in a sandy field along the mouth of the James River in southeastern Virginia
Conservation status

Secure (TNC)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Species: V. bicolor
Binomial name
Viola bicolor
Pursh
Synonyms
  • Viola kitaibeliana auct. non J.A. Schultes
  • Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei Fern.
  • Viola rafinesquei Greene

Viola bicolor, commonly known as the American field pansy or wild pansy, is an annual plant in the violet family found throughout much of North America. There is some debate as to whether the plant is native to North America or if it was introduced from the Old World as a variety of Viola kitaibeliana, but it is now generally thought to have originated in the New World. It is common in disturbed habitats, but is also found in fields and open woods on substrates ranging from sandy soil to clay to limestone.[2][3][4]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Viola bicolor. NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved on 2008-03-20.
  2. ^ Clausen, Jen; Channell, R.B.; Nur, Uzi (1964), “Viola rafinesquii, the only Melanium violet native to North America”, Rhodora 66 (17) 
  3. ^ McKinney, Landon E.; Russel, Norman H. (2002), “Violaceae of the Southeastern United States”, Castanea 67 (4): 369-379, <http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0008-7475%28200212%2967%3A4%3C369%3AVOTSUS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V> 
  4. ^ Hayden, W. John; Clough, John (1990), “Methyl Salicylate Secretory Cells in Roots of Viola arvensis and V. rafinesquii (Violaceae)”, Castanea 55 (1): 65-70, <http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0008-7475%28199003%2955%3A1%3C65%3AMSSCIR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S> 

[edit] External links


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