Vim (text editor)
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| Vim | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 Graphical Vim under GTK+ 2 |
|
| Design by | Bram Moolenaar |
| Initial release | 1991 |
| Stable release | 7.1 (2007-05-12) [+/−] |
| Preview release | 7.1.283 (2008-03-16) [+/−] |
| Written in | C |
| Platform | Cross-platform |
| Available in | English, Chinese, French, Italian, Polish, Russian[1] |
| Genre | Text editor |
| License | Free software, charityware |
| Website | http://www.vim.org/ |
Vim is a text editor first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991 for the Amiga computer. Vim was created as an extended version of the vi editor, with many additional features designed to be helpful in editing program source code; its full name is Vi IMproved.[2]
While Vim is cross-platform, it is most popular on Unix-like operating systems.[3]
Released under a software license compatible with the GNU General Public License, Vim is free and open source software. The program's license includes some charityware clauses.[4]
Contents |
[edit] Interface
-console.png/180px-Vim-(logiciel)-console.png)
Like vi, Vim's interface is based not on menus or icons but on commands given in a text user interface; its GUI mode, gVim, adds menus and toolbars for commonly used commands but the full functionality is still expressed through its command line mode.
For many users learning Vim may be slow initially, but once the basics are understood they progress quickly.[5] To facilitate this, Vim has a built-in tutorial for beginners. There is also the Vim Users' Manual that details the basic and more advanced Vim features. This manual can be read from within Vim, or found online.[6]
Vim also has a built-in help facility (using the :help command) that allows users to query and navigate through commands and features.
[edit] Modal editing
As a descendant of vi, Vim is modal—a design choice which tends to confuse new users. All editors are modal in the general sense of having to distinguish insert and command inputs, but most others implement that modality through very different methods: command menus (mouse or keyboard driven), meta keys (simultaneous use of multiple keys, usually involving control key (CTRL) or alt key (ALT)), and mouse input. Vim, following vi, is unique in that the entire keyboard is switched into and out of these modes. This allows, but does not require, one to perform all editing functions with no use of the mouse or menus and minimal use of meta keys. For touch-typists and those averse to the mouse, this can be a great benefit in power and efficiency.
[edit] Customization
Part of Vim's power is that it can be extensively customized. The basic interface can be controlled by the many options available, and the user can define personalized key mappings—often called macros—or abbreviations to automate sequences of keystrokes, or even call internal or user defined functions.
[edit] Vim script
There are many plugins available that will extend or add new functionality to Vim. These complex scripts are usually written in Vim's internal scripting language vimscript.[7] Vim also supports scripting using MzScheme, Perl, Python, Ruby, Tcl, and other languages.
[edit] Bundles
There are projects bundling together complex scripts and customizations and aimed at turning Vim into a tool for a specific task or adding a major flavour to its behaviour. Examples include Cream which makes Vim behave like a click-and-type editor or VimOutliner that provides a comfortable outliner for users of Unix-like systems.
[edit] Features and improvements over vi
Vim is almost fully vi compatible when in compatible mode, but Vim has many enhancements over vi which may or may not be available in compatible mode.[8]
Some of those enhancements include completion, comparison and merging of files (known as vimdiff), a comprehensive integrated help system, extended regular expressions, scripting languages (both native and through alternative scripting interpreters such as Perl, Python, Ruby, Tcl, etc.) including support for plugins, a graphical user interface (known as gvim), limited integrated development environment-like features, mouse interaction (both with and without the GUI), folding, editing of compressed or archived files in gzip, bzip2, zip, and tar format and files over network protocols such as SSH, FTP, and HTTP, session state preservation, spell checking, split (horizontal and vertical) and tabbed windows, unicode and other multi-language support, syntax highlighting, trans-session command, search, and cursor position histories, multiple level undo/redo history, and visual mode.
While vi was traditionally only available on Unix operating systems, Vim is very portable; there are versions for AmigaOS (the initial target platform), Atari MiNT, BeOS, MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP/Server 2003/Vista/Server 2008, IBM OS/2 and OS/390, MorphOS, OpenVMS, QNX, RISC OS, Unix, Linux, BSD, Mac OS and Mac OS X, etc.[9]
[edit] History
| Date | Version | Changes and additions |
|---|---|---|
| 1988 | 1.0 | Based on Stevie for the Amiga, named Vi IMitation, never publicly released |
| November 2, 1991 | 1.14[10] | First public release for the Amiga on Fred Fish disk #591 |
| 1992 | 1.22[10] | Port to Unix. Vim now competes with vi. This was when Vim became Vi IMproved |
| August 12, 1994 | 3.0[10] | Support for multiple windows |
| May 29, 1996 | 4.0[10] | Graphical user interface |
| February 19, 1998 | 5.0[10] | Syntax highlighting, basic scripting (user defined functions, commands, etc.) |
| April 6, 1998 | 5.1 | Bug fixes, various improvements |
| April 27, 1998 | 5.2 | Long line support, file browser, dialogs, popup menu, select mode, session files, user defined functions and commands, tcl interface, etc. |
| August 31, 1998 | 5.3 | Bug fixes, etc. |
| July 25, 1999 | 5.4 | Basic file encryption, various improvements |
| September 19, 1999 | 5.5 | Bug fixes, various improvements |
| January 16, 2000 | 5.6 | New syntax files, bug fixes, etc. |
| June 24, 2000 | 5.7 | idem |
| May 31, 2001 | 5.8 | idem |
| September 26, 2001 | 6.0[10] | Folding, plugins, multi-language, etc. |
| March 24, 2002 | 6.1 | Bug fixes |
| June 1, 2003 | 6.2 | GTK2, Arabic language support, :try command, minor features, bug fixes |
| June 7, 2004 | 6.3 | Bug fixes, translation updates, mark improvements |
| October 15, 2005 | 6.4 | Bug fixes, updates to Perl, Python, and Ruby support |
| May 7, 2006 | 7.0 | Spell checking, code completion, document tabs, current line and column highlighting, undo branches, and more |
| May 12, 2007 | 7.1 | Bug fixes, new syntax and runtime files, etc. |
(Note that some dates are approximate,[11] development releases are not listed, and many minor version releases are not yet included in this list.)
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Vim in non-English languages (english). Retrieved on 2008-02-04.
- ^ ICCF Holland - helping children in Uganda. ICCF Holland. Retrieved on 2007-10-23.
comments by Bram Moolenaar here, and many other places. - ^ Linux Journal: 2003 Readers' Choice Awards (2003-11-01). Retrieved on 2006-05-24.; Linux Journal: 2004 Readers' Choice Awards (2004-11-01). Retrieved on 2006-05-24.; Linux Journal: 2005 Readers' Choice Awards (2005-09-28). Retrieved on 2006-05-24.
- ^ Vim documentation: uganda
- ^ Oualline, Steve (April 2001). Vi IMproved (VIM). New Riders Publishers. ISBN 0-7357-1001-5.
- ^ Vim manual at Sourceforge.net
- ^ :help vim-script-intro
- ^ Vim help system (type "
:help" within vim) - ^ "
:help sys-file-list"
Vim Online: Downloads. Retrieved on 2007-01-07. - ^ a b c d e f Moolenaar, Bram (2002-01-15). Vim, an open-source text editor. Retrieved on 2005-10-24.
- ^ Dates were taken from the official Vim FTP site.
[edit] External links
- Vim home page
- Online Vim documentation
- Vim Tips Wiki at Wikia
- #vim on freenode
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