Vietnamese Australian
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Vietnamese Australian |
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| Notable Vietnamese Australian: Khoa Do |
| Total population |
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| Regions with significant populations |
| Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane |
| Languages |
| Australian English, Vietnamese, Cantonese, Teochew |
| Religions |
| Mahayana Buddhism, Roman Catholic |
A Vietnamese Australian is an Australian either born in Vietnam or is an Australian descendant of the former. Communities of Overseas Vietnamese are referred to as Việt Kiều.
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[edit] History in Australia
Up until 1975, there were fewer than 2,000 Vietnam-born people in Australia.[1] Following the take over of South Vietnam by the North Vietnamese communist government in April 1975, Australia, being a signatory to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees agreed to resettle its share of Vietnam-born refugees under a refugee resettlement plan between 1975 and 1985. After the initial intake of refugees in the late 1970s, there was a second immigration peak in 1983-84, most likely a result of the 1982 agreement between the Australian and Vietnamese governments (the Orderly Departure Program) which allowed relatives of Vietnamese Australians to leave Viet Nam and migrate to Australia. A third immigration peak in the late 1980s seems to have been mainly due to Australia's family reunion scheme.[2] Over 90,000 refugees were processed and entered Australia during this time.[citation needed]
By the 1990s, the number of Vietnam-born migrating to Australia had surpassed the number entering as refugees. From 1991-93, the percentage of Vietnam-born migrants had reached 77 per cent of the total intake of Vietnam-born arriving in Australia, and by 2000, the percentage of Vietnam-born migrants had climbed to 98 per cent. In 2001-2002, 1,919 Vietnam-born migrants and 44 humanitarian entrants settled in Australia. Even though the number of Vietnam-born entering Australia has reduced, it is likely that Vietnamese migration to Australia will continue at a steady flow.
[edit] Vietnamese Australians in Australian society
Vietnamese Australians vary widely in income and social class levels.
Australian raised and born Vietnamese Australians are highly represented in Australian universities and many professions (particuarly as information technology workers, engineers and pharmacists), while other members in the community are subject to high unemployment rates.[citation needed]
Vietnamese Australians have an exceptionally low rate of return migration to Vietnam. In December 2001, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade estimated that there were 3,950 Australian citizens resident in Vietnam. It is not clear what proportion of this number are returned emigrants with Australian citizenship or their Vietnamese Australian children, and what number is simply other Australians in Vietnam for business or other reasons. The greater proportion (3,000) were recorded in the south of the country.
[edit] Demographics
[edit] Population
About 0.8% of the Australian resident population was born in Vietnam; in terms of birthplace Vietnam has been the fifth largest source of immigration to Australia, behind England, New Zealand, China and Italy.[3], and only Cambodia, the United States and France have larger Viet Kieu communities. According to results of the 2006 Census, 159,848 Australian residents declared that they were born in Vietnam[4]
In the 2001 census the 155,000 people of Vietnamese ancestry were first or second generation Australians; first generation Australians of Vietnamese ancestry outnumbered second generation Australians with Vietnamese ancestry (74% : 26%) Relatively few people of Vietnamese ancestry stated another ancestry (6%). Among the leading ancestries, the proportion of people who spoke a language other than English at home was highest for those of Vietnamese (96%).[5]
At the 2006 Census 173,663 Australian residents declared themselves to be of Vietnamese ancestry. A further 2,190 declared themselves as having Hmong ancestry. Respondants could nominate up to two ancestries.[6]. There may additionally be persons of Vietnamese descent born in Australia, or of arguably non-Vietnamese ancestries (such as Cantonese) born in Vietnam, who elected not to nominate their ancestry as Vietnamese.
Over three quarters of people born in Vietnam live in New South Wales (63,786, or 39.9%) and Victoria (58,878, or 36.8 per cent).[6] In Melbourne the suburbs of Richmond, Footscray, Springvale and St Albans have a significant proportion of Vietnamese-Australians, while in Sydney they are concentrated in Bankstown, Cabramatta and Fairfield.
[edit] Religion
According to census data released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2004, Vietnamese Australians are, by religion, 30.3 per cent Catholic, 0.4 per cent Anglican, 3.1 Other Christian, 55.2 per cent Other Religions (mainly Buddhist with Taoism and Ancestor Worship as one), and 11.0 per cent No Religion.
[edit] Language
In 2001, the Vietnamese language was spoken at home by 174,236 persons in Australia. Vietnamese is the sixth most widely spoken language in the country after English, the Chinese languages, Italian, Greek and Arabic.
[edit] Controversy
During October 2003, government owned SBS TV began airing a Vietnamese news program called Thoi Su ('News'). The purpose was to provide a news service to cater for Australia's Vietnamese population. This was received poorly by the significant portion of the Vietnamese community as many had previously fled Vietnam and thus harbour resentment to the Vietnamese government and its institutions, including the state-run media. Thoi Su was regarded as a mouthpiece for the Vietnamese government and the Vietnamese Communist Party, and uncritically endorsed government policy and practices while failing to report issues objectively including political arrests or religious oppression in Vietnam. A large protest was convened outside SBS's offices.[7] SBS decided to drop Thoi Su (which was being provided at no cost to SBS through a satellite connection). SBS subsequently began broadcasting riders before each foreign news program stating it does not endorse their contents.
[edit] Notable Vietnamese Australians
- Charles Tran Van Lam - Former Foreign Minister of South Vietnam (1969-72), first Vietnamese Ambassador to Australia (late 1950's), President of the Senate of South Vietnam (1973), one of signers of the Paris Peace Accord (1973).
- Khoa Do - Young Australian of the Year in 2005, writer, director
- Anh Do - Brother of Khoa Do, actor and stand-up comedian
- Phuong Ngo - ALP politician (member of Fairfield Council, NSW), Catholic community leader convicted for the homicide of John Paul Newman, and suspected drug lord
- Rob Nguyen - Formula 3000 driver
- Tony Le-Nguyen - Actor, Writer, Director and Producer
- Sang Nguyen - Victorian ALP Upper House politician
- Van Tuong Nguyen - executed drug trafficker
- Hung Le - Comedian
- Caroline Tran - Triple J announcer
- Tan Le - 1998 Young Australian of the Year
- Sam Ly - 7 July 2005 London bombings victim
- Tran My Van - academic
- Quan Yeomans - lead singer and guitarist of Regurgitator
- Thang Ngo - Fairfield City Councillor
- Nathalie Huynh Chau Nguyen - Author and Academic
- Tach Duc Thanh Nguyen - Convicted drug smuggler and member of the Bali Nine.
- Karen Nguyen - Gymnist, 2004 Athens Olympics
[edit] References
- ^ Note however, that before 1976 Viet Nam was not separately recorded as a country of birth for settlers so the Australian Bureau of Statistics is unable to provide an exact picture of settler intake prior to this time.
- ^ 4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, 1994 : Population Growth: Birthplaces of Australia's settlers. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved on 2008-03-14.
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics
- ^ 20680-Australian Bureau of Statistics Country of Birth of Person by Sex - Australia
- ^ 4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, 2003 : Population characteristics: Ancestry of Australia's population. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved on 2008-03-14. “In the 2001 census almost all people of Vietnamese ancestry were first or second generation Australians, consistent with the timing of Vietnamese immigration, which essentially began in the mid-1970s and increased over the 1980s.”
- ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics 20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex - Australia
- ^ Gibbs, Stephen. "Crunch time for SBS over Vietnamese news bulletin", Sydney Morning Herald, 2 December 2003. Retrieved on 2008-03-14. "Thousands of members of Sydney's Vietnamese community will today protest against SBS's continued broadcast of a Hanoi news service that former refugees say contains offensive and distressing communist propaganda."
[edit] External links
- Protests Against SBS
- Gold & Silver: Vietnamese migration and relationships with environments in Vietnam and Sydney
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