Victor Hayward

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Members of the Ross Sea party, photographed in 1914. Victor Hayward is standing, second from left, back row. Ernest Joyce is standing, extreme left of picture. Aeneas Mackintosh is seated, middle row, third from left.
Members of the Ross Sea party, photographed in 1914. Victor Hayward is standing, second from left, back row. Ernest Joyce is standing, extreme left of picture. Aeneas Mackintosh is seated, middle row, third from left.

Victor George Hayward (1888–1916) was a London-born accounts clerk whose taste for adventure took him to Antarctica as a member of Sir Ernest Shackleton’s Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914–17. He had previously spent time working on a ranch in northern Canada and this experience, combined with his “do-anything” attitude, was sufficient for him to be engaged by Shackleton as a general assistant to the Ross Sea party, a support group with a mission to lay depots for the main cross-continental party.

Hayward quickly proved himself to be hard-working and resourceful. He was one of the ten members of the shore party that was marooned when the Ross Sea party’s expedition ship Aurora broke from its McMurdo Sound moorings during a storm and was unable to return. In difficult circumstances he played a full part in the efforts of the stranded group to fulfil its mission, despite its shortages of food, proper clothing, and equipment. During the main depot-laying journey on the Great Ice Barrier in 1915–16 Hayward was one of the six who marched to the Beardmore Glacier to lay the last of the required chain of depots. On the return leg the party was struck with scurvy, which caused the death of Arnold Spencer-Smith. Although suffering badly himself, Hayward helped bring the rest of the party off the Barrier to the relative safety of the Hut Point shelter.

Hayward disappeared on 8 May 1916 while walking across the frozen surface of McMurdo Sound in the hopes of reaching the expedition’s base at Cape Evans. His body was never found. Seven years later Hayward was posthumously awarded the Albert Medal for his efforts to save the lives of his stricken companions on the Barrier journey.

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[edit] Early life

Hayward was the son of a railways executive who became a local vice-president of the Anti-German League, a political group which espoused nationalistic policies. Hayward was educated at an Essex boarding school, and after attending a London business college was employed as an accounts clerk in the City. From an early age he had been fascinated by stories of adventure, a particular favourite, acquired as a Sunday School prize, being R M Ballantyne’s The World of Ice, or Adventures in the Polar Regions.[1] Unprepared for a life of "bourgeois complacency",[1] Hayward took leave from his employers to spend seven months working on a ranch in northern Canada. On his return he found settling back into an office routine difficult, and applied to Shackleton’s office for a position on the newly announced Trans-Antarctic expedition. His offer to "do anything" secured him his place in the Ross Sea party. [1]

[edit] Ross Sea party

Main article: Ross Sea party

[edit] First season

The Ross Sea party’s expedition ship Aurora arrived in Antarctica in January 1915. During the short season before the onset of winter Hayward volunteered for everything—helping Ernest Joyce with the dogs,[2] assisting the motor tractor party and man-hauling depot supplies on the Barrier. [3] When the shore party was marooned after Aurora was blown from her moorings, Hayward became an accomplished seal hunter, helping to boost the party’s depleted stocks of food.[4]. Described as a "quiet, brawny man",[5] Hayward’s closest bond was formed with the party’s leader, Aeneas Mackintosh, with whom he shared a common yearning for home and loved ones.[6]

[edit] Second season

The main depot-laying journey of the expedition began in September 1915. Although privately recording that he thought the programme to be followed "impossible",[7] Hayward threw his physical might into the job.[8]. He was one of the party of six that undertook the longest stage of the depot-laying journey, from 80°S to the Beardmore Glacier. This journey was completed on 26 January 1916.[9] On the return journey Mackintosh and parson/photographer Arnold Spencer-Smith fell victims to scurvy and had to be carried on the sledge, drawn by Joyce, Ernest Wild, Dick Richards and Hayward. When the food situation became acute Hayward, by now showing scurvy symptoms himself, nevertheless went forward with Joyce and Richards to obtain life-saving food and fuel for the rest of the party.[10] Eventually, after suffering both physical and mental breakdown,[11] Hayward was lashed to the sledge and on 18 March was hauled to the shelter at Hut Point where, since the doorway was iced up, he was hoisted in through the window.[12] Spencer-Smith died and was buried in the ice; Mackintosh barely survived. Joyce had expected Hayward to die,[13] but he too survived.

[edit] Disappearance

McMurdo Sound, frozen over. Mackintosh and Hayward set out on 8 May 1916 from Hut Point (A), intending to walk across the ice to Cape Evans (B). They disappeared in the area marked C.
McMurdo Sound, frozen over. Mackintosh and Hayward set out on 8 May 1916 from Hut Point (A), intending to walk across the ice to Cape Evans (B). They disappeared in the area marked C.

Helped by a diet of seal—plentifully available around Hut Point—the party slowly recovered. Mackintosh was anxious that as soon as possible they make the final stage of the return journey—the 13 miles (21 km) across the frozen surface of McMurdo Sound to the base at Cape Evans. The ice would not be safe until winter set in, in June or July, but Mackintosh and Hayward grew impatient. In early May they had recovered sufficiently to begin testing the ice.[14]. On 8 May Mackintosh announced that he and Hayward intended to walk across to Cape Evans, and against the urgent pleadings of Joyce, Richards and Wild, they set out at 1:00 pm., carrying only light supplies. Two hours later a blizzard swept over the Sound and they were lost from view.[15] They did not arrive at Cape Evans, and no trace of their bodies was ever found, nor was the nature of their fate established. They may have fallen through the ice, or been carried out to sea when the ice broke up. If by chance they had managed to reach the temporary safety of land they would have been cut off, without hope either of returning to Hut Point or reaching Cape Evans, and would have perished from hypothermia.[16]

[edit] Albert Medal

After the remainder of the Hut Point party had crossed to Cape Evans in mid-July a series of searches instituted by Joyce failed to establish the fate of Mackintosh and Hayward.[17] Further searches took place when Aurora finally returned to relieve the party, in January 1917. A memorial cross was erected to Mackintosh and Hayward at Wind Vane Hill, a weather observation post near Cape Evans.[18]

Seven years after their struggle on the ice, in belated recognition, on 4 July 1923 Joyce, Richards, Wild and Hayward (the last two posthumously, Wild having died on active service in 1918) were awarded the Albert Medal, in recognition of their efforts to save the lives of Mackintosh and Spencer-Smith on the Barrier.

[edit] Notes and references

  1. ^ a b c Tyler-Lewis, p. 39
  2. ^ Bickel, p. 45
  3. ^ Tyler-Lewis, pp. 84–87
  4. ^ Tyler-Lewis, p. 131
  5. ^ Bickel, p. 121
  6. ^ Mackintosh had recently married, Hayward was engaged to be married. He kept an expedition journal in the form of a series of letters to his fiancée.
  7. ^ Tyler-Lewis, p. 149
  8. ^ Tyler-Lewis, p. 180
  9. ^ Huntford, p.480
  10. ^ Bickel, pp. 156–57
  11. ^ Huntford, p. 485
  12. ^ Fisher, p. 409
  13. ^ Tyler-Lewis, p. 191
  14. ^ Fisher, p. 409
  15. ^ Fisher, p. 410
  16. ^ Tyler-Lewis, p. 234
  17. ^ Tyler-Lewis p. 237
  18. ^ Tyler-Lewis, p. 240

[edit] Sources