Grand Theft Auto: Vice City

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Grand Theft Auto: Vice City

Developer(s) PS2 and Windows
Rockstar North

Xbox
Rockstar Vienna
Publisher(s) Rockstar Games
Series Grand Theft Auto
Engine RenderWare
Platform(s) PlayStation 2, Windows, Xbox
Release date PS2
NA October 27, 2002
AUS November 8, 2002
EU November 8, 2002
Windows
NA May 12, 2003
AUS May 20, 2003
EU May 15, 2003
Steam January 4, 2008
Xbox
NA October 31, 2003
AUS January 2, 2004
EU January 2, 2004
Genre(s) Action
Mode(s) Single player
Rating(s) BBFC: 18
ESRB: M
OFLC: MA15+
OFLC (NZ): R18
PEGI: 18+
USK: 16+ (cut)
Media 1 DVD (PS2, Xbox), 2 CDs or download (Windows)
System requirements PS2 and Xbox Windows[1]
Input methods PS2 and Xbox: Gamepad
Windows: Keyboard, mouse, gamepad (optional)

Grand Theft Auto: Vice City is a sandbox-style action-adventure computer and video game designed by Rockstar North (formerly DMA Design) and published by Rockstar Games. It is the second 3D game in the Grand Theft Auto video game franchise and fourth original title overall. It debuted in North America on October 27, 2002, for the PlayStation 2 and was later ported the Xbox and PC in 2003. Vice City was succeeded by Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas and preceded by Grand Theft Auto III.

Vice City draws much of its inspiration from 1980s American culture. Set in 1986, the story revolves around Mafia member Tommy Vercetti, who was recently released from prison. After being involved in a drug deal gone wrong, Tommy is forced to seek out those responsible. Throughout the game, Tommy forges out a criminal empire in Vice City, gradually obtaining contacts, running businesses and seizing power from the other criminal organizations present in the city. The game uses a tweaked version of the game engine used in Grand Theft Auto III and similarly presents a huge cityscape, fully populated with buildings (from hotels to skyscrapers), vehicles (cars, motorcycles, boats, helicopters) and people to explore.

Upon its release, Vice City quickly became the best-selling video game for that year. As of July 2006, Vice City was, in the American market, the best-selling PlayStation 2 game of all time. Vice City also appeared on Japanese magazine Famitsu's readers' list of all-time favorite 100 videogames in 2006.[2] Following this success, Vice City saw releases in Europe, Australia and Japan, as well as a release for the PC. Rockstar Vienna also packaged the game with its predecessor, Grand Theft Auto III, and sold it as Grand Theft Auto: Double Pack for the Xbox. Vice City's setting is also revisited in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories, which serves as a prequel to events in Vice City.

Contents

[edit] Setting

Riding a motorcycle (PCJ 600) towards Downtown at dawn, PC version. In contrast to GTA III, Vice City's setting is a cleaner and sunnier resort city.
Riding a motorcycle (PCJ 600) towards Downtown at dawn, PC version. In contrast to GTA III, Vice City's setting is a cleaner and sunnier resort city.

The game is set in fictional Vice City, which is based on Miami, Florida. The game's look, particularly the clothing and vehicles, reflect (and sometimes parody) its 1986 setting (with the packaging and artwork in particular owing a great debt to 1980s artist Patrick Nagel). In contrast to the gritty urbanism of Grand Theft Auto III's Liberty City, Vice City appears (mostly) clean and upscale, with golden beaches, waving palm trees, and vivid sunsets.

[edit] Plot

The player takes on the role of Tommy Vercetti, a Mafia hitman just released from prison after serving 15 years for eleven killings. The Mafia family for whom he used to work, the Forellis, fears that Tommy's presence in Liberty City will heighten tensions and bring unwanted attention upon their criminal activities. To prevent this, they ostensibly "promote" Tommy and send him to Vice City to act as their buyer for a series of cocaine deals. During Tommy's first meeting with the drug dealers, an ambush results in the death of Tommy's bodyguards and one of the cocaine dealers, Victor Vance. Tommy narrowly escapes with his life, but he loses both the Forelli's money and the cocaine.

Tasked by Sonny Forelli with retrieving the money and cocaine and killing whoever was responsible for the ambush, Tommy sets up permanent residence in a beach front hotel. He makes contact with the Forellis only other connection in Vice City, a corrupt lawyer named Ken Rosenberg, who, upon hearing of the ambush, has holed himself up in his office and begun popping stimulants for fear of being killed in his sleep. Rosenberg nonetheless proves to be a vital connection. Through him, Tommy starts working with Colonel Cortez, who offers to find who organized the ambush. While working for Cortez, Tommy meets Lance Vance—the brother of Victor Vance—and together they form a partnership with Ricardo Diaz, Vice City's most powerful mobster. After working with Diaz in certain assignments, Cortez informs Tommy that he has learned Diaz was the one who organized the ambush. Tommy and Lance plan to take Diaz out together. However, Lance tries to do the job himself, to avenge his brother's death. He is captured and tortured by Diaz, but Tommy comes to his rescue. After helping Cortez escape from the French government, Lance and Tommy set off to kill Diaz. Tommy and Lance storm Diaz's mansion, take out his men, and kill him in his office.

With Diaz dead, his empire quickly crumbles. Tommy and Lance personally take over all of Diaz's old businesses, not only becoming Vice City's cocaine kingpins, but also seizing the assets of several near-bankrupted companies. Among those businesses are the Interglobal Films Studio run by Steve Scott, the Malibu Club, Vice City Print Works, Kaufman Cabs Agency, Vice City Harbor, and Maude Hanson's Cherry Popper Ice Cream Factory. They also gain favor from heavy metal band Love Fist, the Cuban and Biker gangs, and Avery Carrington's real estate enterprise.

All of these properties and businesses are acquired with no assistance from the Forelli family. Instead, Tommy becomes the head of his own organization, the Vercetti Gang. The more powerful and rich Tommy and Lance become, however, the more Lance begins to exhibit paranoid and sociopathic behaviors, to the point that he begins to physically abuse his own bodyguards and constantly calls Tommy in states of hysteria.

Eventually, the Forellis find out that Tommy has taken over crime in Vice City without sending a cut to the don as required. The Forellis send collectors to force money out of Tommy's assets, but Tommy murders them. An angered Sonny Forelli arrives in Vice City with a small army of mafiosi and street thugs, intent on wiping out Tommy once and for all. When Sonny and his henchmen arrive at Vercetti Estate, Tommy attempts to bribe them with counterfeit money he made with Earnest Kelly. However, Lance, having come to resent Tommy's substantial share of their profits, betrays Tommy and allies himself with the Forellis. In the game's climax -- a pastiche on the end of the Brian De Palma film Scarface -- Lance, Sonny, and Sonny's henchmen raid Tommy's mansion. Tommy kills Lance in a firefight on the mansion's roof. Tommy then storms back downstairs where he faces off with Sonny. Sonny reveals he is the one who set Tommy up and had him kill the eleven men who were expecting him. Tommy faces off against Sonny, eventually killing him as well. His enemies vanquished, Tommy establishes himself as the undisputed crime kingpin of Vice City, with Ken Rosenberg as his right-hand-man.

[edit] Themes and inspiration

Many themes are borrowed from the films Scarface and Carlito's Way, along with the hit 1980s television series Miami Vice. Vice City also parodies and pays tribute to much of 1980s culture in the cars, music, fashion, landmarks, and characters featured in the game. After much advertisement of the game, the song "I Ran (So Far Away)" by A Flock of Seagulls became the known signature theme of the game.

Ricardo Diaz's opulent mansion, Club Malibu, and the climactic battle which takes place in it at the game's end, are very similar to their counterparts in Scarface.[3] Another reference is the game's overall storyline, as it is highly similar to the film, as is the design of the final mission. There are also more subtle references, such as a hidden apartment room with blood on the bathroom walls and a chainsaw (in a nod to the film's "chainsaw torture" scene).[3] Additionally, the "Mr. Vercetti" suit players receive when purchasing a local strip club bears a striking resemblance to Tony Montana's.

Most of the characters wear the then-fashionable white or pastel baggy cotton suits and, like Miami Vice, much of the action takes place in mansions, on speedboats, or in other glamorous settings. In fact, if the player's "wanted level" reaches three stars, an undercover sports car (called a Cheetah) strongly resembling a Ferrari Testarossa, which is featured prominently in Miami Vice, joins the police in chasing the player; the occupants of the sports car are two undercover police officers resembling the Miami Vice main characters (Crockett and Tubbs) in both skin tone and dress.

The Cuban and Haitian gang member uniforms are heavily based on clothes worn by two extras in a scene of the pilot episode of Miami Vice where Tubbs first arrives at Miami International Airport.

Other notable popular culture references include:

 This article or section contains too many minor or trivial fictional references.
Mere trivia, or references unimportant to the overall plot of a work of fiction, should be deleted. See also what Wikipedia is.
  • Red Dawn - During a public debate on a radio station, Pastor Richards references the plotline of the film, mentioning a possible Soviet invasion and suggestion to hide in the woods and call themselves the "Wolverines," alluding to the name of the film's counter-Soviet rebels. Additionally, a radio ad for Ammu-Nation mentions a free screening of the "documentary" Red Dawn. Also, north of the Vice City Mall there is a submerged Soviet Submarine[citation needed].
  • Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back - If the player bumps into a pedestrian, he will sometimes say "You're as clumsy as you are stupid!", which was Darth Vader's line describing Admiral Ozzel to General Veers when he learns Ozzel had the fleet jump out of hyperspace too late.
  • Carlito's Way - Ken Rosenberg, Tommy Vercetti's lawyer and adviser looks and acts like David Kleinfeld (played by Sean Penn) from the film.
  • To Live and Die in L.A. - the whole counterfeiting aspect of the game is based on the movie. A song from the movie (Dance Hall Days by Wang Chung) is included in the game. Also, the victim's perspective shot of Rick Masters murdering Waxman is homaged in the game when Tommy and Lance shoot Ricardo Diaz, the movie's last line "You work for me now" is said in the game by Diaz.
  • Cars associated with 1980s pop culture - Including look-alikes of the Lamborghini Countach (Infernus), the Ferrari Testarossa from Miami Vice (Cheetah), the De Lorean from Back to the Future (Deluxo), C4 Chevrolet Corvette (Banshee), and the Porsche 911 Targa (Comet), and the Ferrari Daytona (Stinger), Lincoln Continental (Washington), Mercedes-Benz C-Class (Admiral), BMW 5 Series (Sentinel), and more.
  • Village People - The outfits of the dancers on stages at the Malibu Club parody the outfits of music band Village People.
  • Project Gotham Racing - During Stock Car Racing events at the arena, a billboard for a local street racing organization states, "Earn Cash, Not Kudos", a reference to the earning of "kudos" for doing stunts, slides, and winning races in the Project Gotham Racing series.
Ocean Beach at night, driving a Comet, PC version.
Ocean Beach at night, driving a Comet, PC version.

The game also features many references to 1980s trends and events:

[edit] Characters

Main article: List of characters in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City

Vice City features dozens of characters, many appearing only in the cut scenes which describe each mission. The voice-talent includes Ray Liotta as protagonist Tommy Vercetti, Tom Sizemore as Sonny Forelli, Robert Davi as Colonel Juan García Cortez, William Fichtner as Ken Rosenberg, Danny Dyer as Kent Paul, Dennis Hopper as pornography Director Steve Scott, Burt Reynolds as Avery Carrington, Luis Guzmán as Ricardo Diaz, Miami Vice star Philip Michael Thomas as Lance Vance, Danny Trejo as Umberto Robina, Gary Busey as Phil Cassidy, Lee Majors as "Big" Mitch Baker, Fairuza Balk as Mercedes Cortez, and porn actress Jenna Jameson as Candy Suxxx. The voice of the taxi dispatcher is provided by Blondie singer Debbie Harry.

Although the main character is not the same as the one in Grand Theft Auto III, Vice City contains a few characters from GTA III at an earlier point in their lives. Donald Love, a business tycoon in GTA III, makes an appearance as an apprentice to real estate mogul Avery Carrington. The one-armed Phil Cassidy from GTA III appears in Vice City as well, and one mission actually explains when and how he lost his arm.

Several of GTA III’s radio hosts can also be heard in Vice City: Lazlow, who was the host of Chatterbox, the talk radio station in GTA III, is the DJ for the hard-rock station, V-Rock, in Vice City (he mentioned in passing in GTA III that he used to be a DJ on a rock station). Toni, the burned-out, female disc jockey of Flashback 95.6, the 1980s music radio station in GTA III, also appears as a young, club-hopping DJ in Vice City's pop music station, Flash FM. Finally, Fernando, a self-glorifying procurer of women ("not a pimp... a savior," he claims) who appeared on Lazlow's show in GTA III, runs Emotion 98.3. Also naturist Barry Stark, a caller for Chatterbox in GTA III, appears as a guest on VCPR in Vice City.

[edit] Gameplay

Flying a Maverick helicopter over Vice Point, PC version.
Flying a Maverick helicopter over Vice Point, PC version.

Because Vice City was built upon Grand Theft Auto III, the game follows a largely similar gameplay design and interface with GTA III with several tweaks and improvements over its predecessor. The gameplay is very open-ended, a characteristic of the Grand Theft Auto franchise; although missions must be completed to complete the storyline and unlock new areas of the city, the player is able to drive around and visit different parts of the city at his/her leisure and otherwise, do whatever they wish if not currently in the middle of a mission. Various items such as hidden weapons and packages are also scattered throughout the landscape, as it has been with previous GTA titles.

Players can steal vehicles, (cars, boats, motorcycles, and even helicopters) partake in drive-by shootings, robberies, and generally create chaos. However, doing so generally attracts unwanted and potentially fatal attention from the police (or, in extreme cases, the FBI and even the National Guard). Police behavior is mostly similar to Grand Theft Auto III, although police units will now wield night sticks, deploy spike strips to puncture the tires of the player's car, as well as SWAT teams from flying police helicopters and the aforementioned undercover police units, à la-Miami Vice.

A new addition in the game is the ability of the player to purchase a number of properties distributed across the city. Some of these are additional hideouts (essentially locations where weapons can be collected and the game saved). There are also a variety of businesses called "assets" which the player can buy. These include a film studio, a dance club, a strip club, a taxi company, an "ice-cream delivery business" (acting as a front company), a boatyard, a printing works, and a car showroom. Each commercial property has a number of missions attached to it, such as eliminating the competition or stealing equipment. Once all the missions for a given property are complete, the property will begin to generate an ongoing income, which the increasingly-prosperous Vercetti may periodically collect.

Police trouble, PC version.
Police trouble, PC version.

Various gangs make frequent appearances in the game, some of whom are integral to story events. These gangs typically have a positive or negative opinion of the player and act accordingly by shooting at the player or following him. Shootouts between members of rival gangs can occur spontaneously and several missions involve organized fights between opposing gangs.

Optional side-missions are once again included, giving the player the opportunity to make pizza deliveries, drive injured people to a hospital with an ambulance, extinguish fires with a fire truck, deliver passengers in a taxi, and be a vigilante, using a police vehicle to kill criminals. Monetary rewards and occasional gameplay advantages (e.g. increased health and armor capacity and infinite sprinting) are awarded for completing different difficulty levels of these activities. Different sums of money are awarded for landing trick jumps in motorcycles or fast cars depending on the number of flips and height achieved.

[edit] Weapons

The weapons system used in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City is derivative of those from its predecessors, but has been significantly expanded. Compared to 12 forms of weapons from Grand Theft Auto III, Vice City features a total of 35 weapons divided into 10 classes (classified by portability, firepower or function), with the player allowed to carry only one weapon from each class. Each class presents a set of weapons which each presenting their own strengths and weaknesses, such as weight, damage and efficiency. For example, when a player has semi-automatic pistol in hand (which inflicts lower damage, but has a higher firing rate and larger magazine capacity) and encounters ammunition for a Colt Python (which inflicts a large amount of damage, but is weak in firing rate and more frequent reloading), he or she can only choose to replace the automatic with the revolver or choose not to replace the automatic. Because of this, the player is only allowed to carry up to 10 weapons at once while being allowed to pick specific weapons from each class.

The weapons, which range from a variety of mêlée weapons and firearms become available to the player as he or she completes more and more missions. Guns (such as pistols, rifles, thrown weapons and heavy weapons) may be purchased at firearm store Ammu-Nation or obtained via a weapons dealer, and other types of weapons (such as baseball bats, hammers and chainsaws) can be bought at various hardware stores. There are also heavy-duty weapons such as flamethrowers and rocket launchers. Another quirk is the inclusion of a camera, which is used in only one mission to capture pictures.

Various ports of Vice City also present modifications on the inventory of weapons. The PlayStation 2 version is the only version of the game to feature tear gas, while the PC version and the Xbox version from Grand Theft Auto: Double Pack features modified names of weapons (i.e. the MP5 renamed as "MP" and the PSG-1 sniper rifle renamed as ".308 Sniper") The Ruger assult rifle has changed color as well.

[edit] Soundtrack

Main articles: Grand Theft Auto: Vice City soundtrack, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Official Soundtrack Box Set, and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City OST - Greatest Hits

Vice City includes a large collection of licensed music from the 1980s that can be listened to by means of various in-car radio stations. Each station covers a particular music genre, such as rap music (Wildstyle), rock (V-Rock) and (most predominantly) pop music (WAVE 103, Flash FM). The tracks are for the most part works from various real-life artists, such as Megadeth, Judas Priest, Kim Wilde, Toto, Blondie, Slayer, Iron Maiden, Ozzy Osbourne, INXS, Michael Jackson, Bryan Adams, Mr. Mister, Luther Vandross, Kool & the Gang, Spandau Ballet, Wang Chung, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, Eumir Deodato and Cutting Crew. Additionally, a talk station (KCHAT) and a public radio debate show Pressing Issues (VCPR) are included. The radio stations and the game's storyline also feature a fictional heavy metal band called Love Fist. The multi-CD soundtrack to the game was an instant best-seller.

In addition to music and interviews, the stations also include satirical commercials, such as the Degenatron, a fictional video game console (Save the green dots with your fantastic flying red square!), likely a parody of the Atari 2600. The commercials and the game setting are consistent: Degenatron advertisements appear on billboards, and ads air for stores in which the player can actually shop, such as Ammu-Nation. Months before the release of Vice City, Rockstar Games created a Degenatron "fansite", which allowed users to actually play the "emulated" games.

[edit] Reception and sales

Awards
GameSpot's Best and Worst of 2002 Best Music on PlayStation 2,[4] Best Action Adventure Game on PlayStation 2,[5] Game of the Year on PlayStation 2[6]
IGN's Best of 2002 Best Adventure Game for PlayStation 2 (Editor's Choice and Reader's Choice),[7] Special Achievement for Sound (Reader's Choice),[8] Best Game of the Year for PlayStation 2 (Editor's Choice and Reader's Choice)[9]

Grand Theft Auto: Vice City was released to extremely positive reviews from critics and fans alike. The game received ratings of 9.7/10 from IGN,[10] 9.6/10 from GameSpot,[11] 5/5 from GamePro,[12] and 10/10 from Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine. The game has a score of 95 out of 100 on the review compiling website Metacritic making Vice City the sixth highest rated PlayStation 2 game on the site.[13] Most critics[who?] praised the game for its open-ended action and entertaining re-creation of 1980s culture.

As of September 25, 2007, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City is the third best-selling video game in the United States with 6.8 million copies sold, ahead of its predecessor, Grand Theft Auto III, and behind its successor, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, according to the NPD Group.[14] As of September 26, 2007, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City has sold 15 million units according to Take-Two Interactive.[15] As of March 26, 2008, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City has sold 17.5 million units according to Take-Two Interactive.[16]

[edit] Controversy

Like Grand Theft Auto III, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City has been labeled as violent and sexually explicit by many special interest groups, and is considered highly controversial. Some suggest that parental supervision is necessary when young people play this game, since children were never the game's intended audience. The ESRB rated this game "M" for Mature. In Australia, it was slightly modified to comply with current Australian censorship laws; the ability to pick-up prostitutes was disabled, allowing the game to be given an MA15+ rating by the OFLC. In the UK, Vice City received an "18" certificate from the BBFC.

Attacking a Haitian gang in Little Haiti, PC version. The game was accused of inviting people to harm immigrant Cubans and Haitians, and featuring anti-Haitian and Cuban phrases.
Attacking a Haitian gang in Little Haiti, PC version. The game was accused of inviting people to harm immigrant Cubans and Haitians, and featuring anti-Haitian and Cuban phrases.

In November 2003, Cuban and Haitian groups in Florida targeted the title. They accused the game of inviting people to harm immigrants from those two nations.[17] The groups' claims of racism and incitement to genocide attracted a good deal of public attention towards Vice City. Rockstar Games issued a press release stating that they understood the concern of Cubans and Haitians, but also believed those groups were blowing the issue out of proportion. Under further pressure, including threats from New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg to "do everything we possibly can" if Rockstar did not comply. Take-Two (the game's publisher) did agree to remove several lines of dialogue.[18] This seems to have largely satisfied the groups who raised the complaints, although the case was then referred to a state court, downgraded from the initial decision to refer the case to a federal court.[19] In 2004, a new version of the game was released, removing and changing those lines of dialogue.[20]

In February 2005, a lawsuit was brought upon the makers and distributors of the Grand Theft Auto series claiming the games caused a teenager to shoot and kill three members of the Alabama police force. The shooting took place in June 2003 when Devin Moore, 17 years old at the time, was brought in for questioning to a Fayette police station regarding a stolen vehicle. Moore then grabbed a pistol from one of the police officers and shot and killed him along with another officer and dispatcher before fleeing in a police car.[21][22] One of Moore's attorneys, Jack Thompson, claimed it was GTA's graphic nature - with his constant playing time - that caused Moore to commit the murders, and Moore's family agrees. Damages are being sought from the Jasper branches of GameStop and Wal-Mart, the stores from which GTA III and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, respectively, were purchased and also from the games' publisher Take-Two Interactive, and the PlayStation 2 manufacturer Sony Computer Entertainment. The case is currently being heard by the same judge who presided over Moore's criminal trial, in which he was sentenced to death for his actions.

In September 2006, Jack Thompson brought another lawsuit, claiming that Cody Posey played the game obsessively before murdering his father, stepmother, and stepsister on a ranch in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The suit was filed on behalf of the victims' families.[23] During the criminal trial, Posey's defense team argued he was abused by his father, and tormented by his stepmother.[24] Posey was also taking Zoloft at the time of the killings.[25] The suit alleged that were it not for his obsessive playing of Vice City, the murders would not have taken place.[26] Named in the suit were Cody Posey, Rockstar Games, Take-Two Interactive, and Sony. The suit asked for US$600 million in damages.[27]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Windows System Requirements. Take-Two Interactive. Retrieved on 2006-08-29.
  2. ^ Japan Votes on All Time Top 100. Next Generation. Retrieved on 2006-08-18.
  3. ^ a b Grand Theft Auto: Scarface - Examining Grand Theft Auto's Scarface Connection. Cliff O'Neill. Retrieved on 2006-08-18.
  4. ^ GameSpot's Best and Worst of 2002: Special Achievement Awards - Best Music on PlayStation 2. Retrieved on 2007-08-15.
  5. ^ GameSpot's Best and Worst of 2002: Genre Awards - Best Action Adventure Game on PlayStation 2. GameSpot. Retrieved on 2007-08-15.
  6. ^ GameSpot's Best and Worst of 2002: Game of the Year on the PlayStation 2. GameSpot. Retrieved on 2007-08-15.
  7. ^ IGN: Best of 2002: Adventure Game of the Year - PlayStation 2. IGN.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-16.
  8. ^ IGN: Best of 2002: Special Achievement for Sound - PlayStation 2. IGN.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-16.
  9. ^ IGN: Best of 2002: Best Game of the Year - PlayStation 2. IGN.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-16.
  10. ^ Grand Theft Auto; Vice City (PS2) Review. IGN. Retrieved on 2006-12-20.
  11. ^ Grand Theft Auto; Vice City (PS2) Review. GameSpot. Retrieved on 2006-12-20.
  12. ^ Review: Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (PS2). Official GamePro website. Retrieved on 2006-12-20.
  13. ^ PlayStation 2 games by score. Metacritic. Retrieved on 2006-12-20.
  14. ^ Jonathan Sidener (2007-09-25). Microsoft pins Xbox 360 hopes on 'Halo 3' sales. Signonsandiego.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-29.
  15. ^ Take-Two Interactive Software at Piper Jaffray Second Annual London Consumer Conference (Webcast: Windows Media Player, Real Player). Thomson Financial (2007-09-26). Retrieved on 2007-10-29. “Grand Theft Auto III launched in 2001 and sold over 12 million units. We then shipped another sequel in 2002 which sold over 15 million units, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City. And then in 2004 we shipped Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, which sold a remarkable 20 million units...”
  16. ^ Recommendation of the Board of Directors to Reject Electronic Arts Inc.'s Tender Offer (PDF) 12. Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. (2008-03-26). Retrieved on 2008-04-01.
  17. ^ Haitian-Americans protest Vice City. GameSpot. Retrieved on 2006-08-18.
  18. ^ Take-Two self-censoring Vice City. GameSpot. Retrieved on 2006-08-18.
  19. ^ Vice City lawsuit switcheroo. GameSpot. Retrieved on 2006-08-18.
  20. ^ Take-Two self-censoring Vice City. GameSpot. Retrieved on 2007-07-11.
  21. ^ "Suit: Video Game Sparked Police Shootings", ABC News, 2005-03-07. Archived from the original on 2005-03-07. 
  22. ^ Grand Theft Auto sparks another lawsuit. GameSpot. Retrieved on 2006-08-18.
  23. ^ Video-game maker blamed in '04 killing. The Albuquerque Tribune. Retrieved on 2006-09-27.
  24. ^ Jack Thompson Lawsuit to be Filed in Albuquerque. Game Politics.com (2006-09-25). Retrieved on 2007-07-11.
  25. ^ Vera Ockenfels, the Cody Posey defense team's mitigation specialist, discusses his conviction (transcript) (February 8, 2006). Courtroom Television. Retrieved on 2006-09-27.
  26. ^ Antigame Crusader in ABQ. ABQnewsSeeker. Retrieved on 2006-09-27.
  27. ^ Jack Thompson becomes boring. Joystiq (2006-09-27). Retrieved on 2007-07-11.

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