Viaduct
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Viaduct | |
|---|---|
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| Milton Viaduct in Ayrshire is the oldest surviving railway bridge in Scotland | |
| Ancestor: | Trestle bridge, Box girder bridge |
| Related: | None |
| Descendant: | None |
| Carries: | traffic, rail |
| Span range: | Short (multiple) |
| Material: | reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, masonry |
| Movable: | No |
| Design effort: | medium |
| Falsework required: | Yes, if cast-in-place reinforced or prestressed concrete is used, which is typical for freeway overpasses |
A viaduct is a bridge composed of several small spans. The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via for road and ducere to lead something. However, the Ancient Romans did not use that term per se; it is a modern derivation from an analogy with aqueduct. Like the Roman aqueducts, many early viaducts comprised a series of arches of roughly equal length. Viaducts may span land or water or both, as in the viaduct in Faribault, Minnesota.
Many viaducts over land connect points of similar height in a landscape, usually by bridging a river valley or other eroded opening in an otherwise flat area. Often such valleys have roads descending either side (with a small bridge over the river, where necessary) that become inadequate for the traffic load, necessitating a viaduct for through traffic.[1] Such bridges also lend themselves for use by rail traffic, which requires straighter and flatter routes.[2]
Viaducts over water are often combined with other types of bridges or tunnels to cross navigable waters. The viaduct sections, while less expensive to design and build than tunnels or bridges with larger spans, typically lack sufficient horizontal and vertical clearance for large ships.
The Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley of the River Tarn near Millau in southern France. Designed by French bridge engineer Michel Virlogeux, in collaboration with architect Norman Robert Foster, it is the tallest vehicular bridge in the world, with one pier's summit at 343 metres (1,125 ft)—slightly taller than the Eiffel Tower and only 38 m (125 ft) shorter than the Empire State Building. It was formally dedicated on 14 December 2004 and opened to traffic two days later. The bridge, according to many observers, is one of the most breathtaking ever built.[citation needed]
In Romance languages, the word viaduct refers to a bridge which spans only land. A bridge spanning water is called ponte.
[edit] Gallery
 The viaduct at Porthkerry Park near Cardiff International Airport, Barry, Wales |
 The Göltzschtalbrücke is the largest brick viaduct in the world. |
 The Ribblehead Viaduct lies on the Settle-Carlisle Railway in England. |
 The Oresund Bridge, spanning the Oresund strait between Denmark and Sweden, uses a cable-stayed span and a tunnel section in addition to the viaduct to avoid blocking shipping traffic. |
 The Alaskan Way Viaduct in Seattle allows a high traffic volume to share a limited space. |
 Millau Viaduct, spanning the valley of the River Tarn near Millau in southern France. |
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[edit] References
- ^ Brownlee, Christy (March 2005) "Taking the high road: France's new bridge helps a small town dodge traffic--and set a new world record" SuperScience 16(6): pp.12-15;
- ^ Davidsen, Judith (April 1993) "A new "lite" rail viaduct formula: Norman Foster designs a rapid-transit viaduct for Rennes, France" Architectural Record 181(4): p.26;
- ^ Roscoe, Thomas (1839). The London and Birmingham Railway; with the .... etc., Pub. Charles Lilt. London. Facing p. 117.
[edit] See also
- Category:Viaducts - for all articles about specific viaducts.
- List of railway bridges and viaducts in the United Kingdom
