Vezdekhod
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Vezdekhod was the first true tank to be developed by Imperial Russia. The word Vezdekhod means: "He who goes anywhere" or "all-terrain vehicle". It did not however progress further than a pre-production model, due to problems in the design.
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[edit] Design
In August 1914, a 23-year old aircraft designer Alexander Porokhovshchikov offered to build a vehicle with cross-country capability. The working drawings and estimate were finished by January 1915, and on January 13 approval was given to proceed with construction, the project being supervised by Colonel Poklevskij-Kozello.
The Vezdekhod had a welded frame which ran on a single wide track made from rubberized fabric stretched over four drums, with a fifth drum tensioning the track from above. Two small wheels were placed on the sides of the track, and could be lowered to steer it, being controlled by a steering wheel. The machine was propelled by a 10 hp petrol engine driving through the rear drum. Porokhovshchikov intended that the Vezdekhod should run on the back drum and its wheels while on firm ground, while on soft ground it would lie down on its track.
Construction of the prototype began in February 1915 with the first tests on a paved road being carried out in May, with further tests proceeding until the end of the year. In cross-country trials the Vezdekhod was reported to be capable of a speed of 40 Verst per hour (26.5 mph) with simulated armor weight but proved impossible to steer using the wheels provided for that purpose and the project was therefore rejected, the Military Technical Department forbidding further work on it after December 1915.
The actual performance of Vezdekhod is debated, but according to the test commission Report No. 4563: "It appears that Vezdekhod is a sound and practical idea; it can achieve a speed of 25 Verst/hour (16.57 mph). In addition, Vezdekhod can ascend a slope of 40 degrees inclination, cross a trench three metres wide, and a vertical obstacle of 3/4 metre. All significant holes and rough surfaces were crossed wherever tests were carried out. Vezdekhod steers easily during fast motion, and turns very satisfactorily. In all, Vezdekhod crosses terrain and obstacles impassable to conventional motor vehicles."
[edit] History
The original blueprints, and possible photographs have been lost to history, perhaps due to the Revolution of 1917. After Russian newspapers published news about the first English tanks used in World War I, Porokhovshchikov argued that the Vezdekhod was the rightful first tank. After the Revolution, Soviet propaganda promoted the idea that Vezdekhod was the first tank.
Porokhovshchikov himself served as the test driver of the vehicle on at least one occasion. He also personally kept 8,340 of the 18,000 rubles allocated to the project (46.3%). Over 25 years later (either in 1941 or 1943) Porokhovshchikov was put to death by the NKVD for "expenditure of public funds for unnecessary inventions."
[edit] Dates
13th January, 1915 - Official Permission and Government Support granted
February, 1915 - Vezdekhod construction begins
18, March 1915 - Vezdekhov's first preliminary automotive tests
29, December 1915 - Vezdekhod was able to reach a speed of 26.5 MPH with simulated armor
[edit] References
- Milsom, John (1971). Russian Tanks, 1900-1970. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0811714934.
