Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG
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The Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG (VSt) (English:United Steelworks) was a German industrial conglomerate producing coal, iron, and steel in the interbellum and during WWII.
The VSt were founded in 1926 when economic pressures (decreasing prices and excess capacities) led to the union of several companies including Thyssen AG, Phoenix AG für Bergbau und Hüttenbetrieb, Rheinische Stahlwerke, Rhein-Elbe-Union GmbH, Deutsch-Luxemburgische Bergwerks- und Hütten-AG, Bochumer Verein, and Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG. This group united of most German iron, steel and coal producers, but did not include Hoesch AG, Krupp AG, Klöckner-Werke, Gutehoffnungshütte, and Mannesmann.
The company was headquartered in Dusseldorf. During the thirties VSt was one of the biggest German companies and, at times, also the largest steel producer in Europe. With up to about 250,000 workers it produced about 40% of the steel and 20% of the coal produced in Germany. Chief executive officer (chief of the Vorstand) was initially Albert Vögler, until 1935. Fritz Thyssen was chairman of the board (Aufsichtsrat).
In 1932, as a result of the effects of the Great Depression, part of the company was nationalized to prevent bankruptcy. The Weimar government bought stock valued at 25 million Reichsmark (RM) for 99 million RM. This transaction like the similar Gelsenberg affair led to a public outcry. According to Heinrich Brüning the company then went on to support the Nazi party with 500,000 RM for the 1932 elections.[1] The Nazi government re-privatized the stocks four years later so that the Vst achieved a net win of 33 million RM. The Vst became a major contributer in supplying materiel and munitions to the war effort. However, as the Vst was unable to fulfill the demands of the Nazi government, another steelwork, the Reichswerke Hermann Göring were founded in Salzgitter.
During WWII most of the production facilities were destroyed by bombing, and after the war, the company was dismanteled. From the residuals several companies were founded in the Federal Republic of Germany after 1951, including Hörder Bergwerks- und Hütten-Verein, August Thyssen-Hütte AG, Rheinstahl, and Bochumer Verein.
[edit] References
- ^ Heinrich Brüning, Memoiren 1918–1934, DVA, Stuttgart 1970, S. 531
[edit] Literature
- Alfred Reckendrees: Das "Stahltrust"-Projekt. Die Gründung der Vereinigte Stahlwerke A.G. und ihre Unternehmensentwicklung 1926-1933/34. Schriftenreihe zur Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte, 5. München: C. H. Beck Verlag, 2000. ISBN 3-406-45819-X.
