Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main article: Vehicle registration plate

British number plates (August 1983 – August 2001 system), as observed in 2004

Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom are the mandatory number plates used to display the registration mark of a vehicle in the United Kingdom, and have existed since 1904. Most motor vehicles which are used on public roads are required by law to display them. One of the exceptions are official cars of the reigning monarch.^[1]

The Motor Car Act 1903, which came into force on 1 January 1904, required all motor vehicles to be entered on to the Government's vehicle register, and to carry number plates. The Act was passed in order that vehicles could be easily traced in the event of an accident or contravention of the law. Vehicle registration number plates in the UK are rectangular or square in shape, with the exact permitted dimensions of the plate and its lettering set down in law.

Within the UK itself there are currently two numbering and registration systems: one for Great Britain, which is administered by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA), and one for Northern Ireland, administered by the Driver & Vehicle Licensing Northern Ireland (DVLNI), however both have equal status. Other schemes relating to the UK are also listed below.

Contents 1 Colour and dimensions 2 Great Britain 2.1 Current system 2.1.1 Characters 2.1.2 European flag 2.1.3 Typography 2.1.4 Special plates 2.1.5 Older plates 2.2 History 2.2.1 Before 1932 2.2.2 1932 to 1963 2.2.3 1960s to 1982 2.2.4 1983 to 2001 2.2.5 Year identifiers 2.2.6 Local area codes 3 Northern Ireland 3.1 Characters 3.2 Special plates 3.3 European plates and the GB controversy 3.4 County codes in alphabetical order 3.5 Series per county 4 Crown Dependencies 4.1 Jersey 4.1.1 Standard plates 4.1.2 Special plates 4.2 Guernsey 4.2.1 Standard plates 4.2.2 Special plates 4.3 Alderney 4.4 Sark 4.5 Isle of Man 5 Other formats 5.1 Overseas Territories 5.2 British Forces plates 5.3 Trade Plates 5.4 Diplomatic plates 5.5 "Personalised" number plates 5.6 State vehicles used by the reigning monarch 6 Theft of number plates 7 See also 8 References 9 Notes 9.1 Bibliography 10 External links

[edit] Colour and dimensions

Current plates have black characters on white reflective material (for the front plate) or on yellow reflective material (for the rear plate).

Older British plates had white, grey or silver characters on a black background. This style of plate was phased out in 1972, and is now legal to be carried only on vehicles built prior to 1 January 1973.

Front number plates are 520 mm x 111 mm (20.5" x 4 ³/₈") in size. Rear plates may be 520 mm x 111 mm (Standard), 285 mm x 203 mm (Square, as at July 2007) 533 mm x 152 mm (large).,^{[citation needed]}

Motorcycles formerly had a double-sided number plate on top of the front mudguard, curved to follow the contour of the wheel and visible from the sides. The requirement for the front number plate was dropped in 1975 because of the severe danger these presented to pedestrians in the event of a collision.

[edit] Great Britain

[edit] Current system

[edit] Characters

The current system for Great Britain was introduced in 2001. Each registration index consists of seven characters. ^[2]

From left to right the characters consist of:

This scheme has three particular advantages:

[edit] European flag

British number plates conform for the most part to the 1998 European standard design ^[3], with black lettering on a white or yellow background. The standard design also incorporates a blue strip on the left side of the plate with the European flag and the country identification code of the member state - this aspect of the design is not compulsory in the UK, and many drivers choose not to pay extra to display the European flag.

The British version of the EU standard number plate; this European plate is optional for UK drivers.	A British number plate without the EU symbol; UK drivers must display a separate GB sticker if driving abroad with these plates.

The option of the EU stars and the country identifier letters ´GB´ is claimed to be a registered design - number 2053070 - registered at the UK Patent Office in 1995 by David and Nansi Mottram [1]. However, the blue strip with European flag and country identifier was introduced by Ireland in 1991, before the Mottrams registered their version.

In response to devolution of the nations of the United Kingdom, some motorists in Scotland and Wales choose to display EU-style plates with their national flag and the codes SCO and CYM respectively. Although initially prohibited, they are permitted by the UK government as an expression of national pride. Some motorists in England have started to display ENG codes in response to this fashion.^[4]. These unofficial emblems are not officially recognised, and UK motorists who drive their vehicle abroad displaying these plates must also affix a "GB" country identifier to their vehicle.

CYM - Welsh version	ENG - English version	SCO - Scottish version	No identifier or EU symbol - the EU flag is not compulsory

[edit] Typography

When introduced, the new plates included a subtly re-drawn version of Charles Wright's original 1935 font, that has been narrowed (condensed) from 57 mm to 50 mm to allow space for the extra letter and the optional blue 'GB' Euro surround. The typeface is similar in many ways to, but perhaps less drastic than Germany's FE-Schrift number-plate font (introduced as an optional typeface in Germany in 1994, which then became mandatory in 2000). It accentuates the differences in the form of similar characters like '8' and 'B' or 'D' and '0' with block serifs to improve the legibility of a plate from a distance. This is especially useful for the Automatic Number Plate Recognition software of speed cameras and CCTV. This accentuation also discourages the tampering that is sometimes practised with the use of black insulating tape or paint to change letterforms (P to R, 9 to 8 for example), or with the inclusion of carefully positioned black 'fixing screw' dots that alter the appearance of letters on some vanity plates.

[edit] Special plates

Registrations having a combination of characters that are particularly appealing (resembling a name, for example) are auctioned each year.

For the 07 registration period a higher than usual number of Scottish 07 codes were retained as Select registrations for sale and an additional allocation of Tx letter pairs were released for use by the local offices in scotland with the same allocation as the Sx letter pairs (for example Edinburgh with SK to SN allocated had TK to TN added).^[5]

In 2007 the Edinburgh DVLA office exceptionally issued 'TN07' prefixed registrations for some vehicles, instead of the expected 'SN07'. This was stated to be because of potential offence caused by interpreting 'SN07' as 'SNOT'.^[6] This is the first known use of the 'T' code as the first letter, as it was not allocated to a region in the 2001 system. Also, TF07 and TJ07 registrations have been issued in Glasgow, most probably because the SA07-SJ07 allocations were exhausted. Similarly, along with TN07, TK07 has also been issued by Edinburgh, probably for the same oversubsciption reason as in Glasgow. It has also been observed that the TP07 mark has also been issued^{[citation needed]}.

[edit] Older plates

Vehicles registered under previous numbering systems continue to retain their original number plates. Subject to certain conditions, number plates can be transferred between vehicles by the vehicle owner; some of these transfers involve tens or even hundreds of thousands of pounds changing hands, due to the desirability of a specific letter/number combination.

[edit] History

[edit] Before 1932

The first series of number plates were issued in 1903 and ran until 1932, using the series A1–YY9999. The letter or pair of letters indicated the local authority in whose area the vehicle was registered, for example A — London, B — Lancashire, C — West Riding of Yorkshire, etc. In England and Wales the letter codes were initially allocated in order of population size (by the 1901 census), whilst Scotland and Ireland had special sequences incorporating the letters "S" and "I" respectively, which were allocated alphabetically: IA = Antrim, IB = Armagh, etc. When a licensing authority reached 9999, it was allocated another two letter mark, but there was no pattern to these subsequent allocations as they were allocated on a first come first served basis.

[edit] 1932 to 1963

By 1932, the available numbers within this scheme were running out, and an extended scheme was introduced. This scheme consisted of three letters and three numbers, taken from the series AAA1 to YYY999. Note that certain letters — I, Q and Z — were never used, as they were considered too easy to mistake for other letters or numbers, or were reserved for special use, such as the use of I and Z for Irish registrations and Q for temporary imports. (After independence, the Irish Republic continued to use this scheme until 1986, and Northern Ireland still uses it.)

The three-letter scheme preserved the area letter codes as the second pair of letters in the set of three, and the single letter area codes were deleted (since prefixing a single letter code would create a duplicate of a two-letter code). In some areas, the available numbers with this scheme started to run out in the 1950s, and in those areas, a reversed sequence was introduced, i.e. 1AAA–999YYY. The ever-increasing popularity of the car can be gauged by noting that these sequences ran out within ten years, and by the beginning of the 1960s, a further change was made in very popular areas, introducing 4-number sequences with the one and two letter area codes, but in the reverse direction to the early scheme (i.e. 1A –9999YY).

[edit] 1960s to 1982

In 1963, numbers were running out once again, and an attempt was made to create a national scheme to alleviate the problem. The three letter, up to three number system was kept, but a letter suffix was added, which changed every year. In this scheme, numbers were drawn from the range AAA1A–YYY999A for the first year, then AAA1B–YYY999B for the second year, and so on. Some areas did not adopt the year letter for the first two years, sticking to their own schemes, but in 1965 adding the year letter was made compulsory.

As well as yielding many more available numbers, it was a handy way for vehicle buyers to know the age of the vehicle immediately. At first the year letter changed on January 1 every year, but car retailers started to notice that buyers would tend to wait towards the end of the year for the new letter to be issued, so that they could get a "newer" car. This led to major peaks and troughs in sales over the year, and to help flatten this out somewhat the industry lobbied to get the month of registration changed from January to August. This was done in 1967, a year that had two letter changes: "E" came in January, and "F" came in August. The final August change was in 1998 (the S-reg prefix).

[edit] 1983 to 2001

By 1982, the year suffixes had reached Y and so from 1983 onwards the sequence was reversed again, so that the year letter — starting again at "A" — preceded the numbers then the letters of the registration. The available range was then A1AAA–Y999YYY. Towards the mid-1990s there was some discussion about introducing a unified scheme for Europe, which would also incorporate the country code of origin of the vehicle, but after much debate such a scheme was not adopted due to lack of countries willing to participate. The changes in 1983 also brought the letter Q into use - although on a very small and limited scale. It was used on vehicles of indeterminate age, such as those assembled from kits, substantial rebuilds, or imported vehicles where the documentation is insufficient to determine the age. It was seen as an aid to consumer protection.

By the late 1990s, the range of available numbers was once again starting to run out, exacerbated by a move to biannual changes in registration letters (March and September) in 1999 to smooth out the bulge in registrations every August, so a new scheme needed to be adopted. Rather than stick with a variation of the ad-hoc numbering that had existed for nearly a century, it was decided to research a system that would be easier for crash or vehicle related crime witnesses to remember and clearer to read, yet still fit within a normal standard plate size.

[edit] Year identifiers

Suffix series 1963-82 (letters)	Prefix series 1983-2001 (letters)	New series post-2001 (numbers)
Letter Dates of issue A January 1963 – December 1963 B January 1964 – December 1964 C January 1965 – December 1965 D January 1966 – December 1966 E January 1967 – July 1967 F August 1967 – July 1968 G August 1968 – July 1969 H August 1969 – July 1970 J August 1970 – July 1971 K August 1971 – July 1972 L August 1972 – July 1973 M August 1973 – July 1974 N August 1974 – July 1975 P August 1975 – July 1976 R August 1976 – July 1977 S August 1977 – July 1978 T August 1978 – July 1979 V August 1979 – July 1980 W August 1980 – July 1981 X August 1981 – July 1982 Y August 1982 – July 1983	Letter Dates of issue A August 1983 – July 1984 B August 1984 – July 1985 C August 1985 – July 1986 D August 1986 – July 1987 E August 1987 – July 1988 F August 1988 – July 1989 G August 1989 – July 1990 H August 1990 – July 1991 J August 1991 – July 1992 K August 1992 – July 1993 L August 1993 – July 1994 M August 1994 – July 1995 N August 1995 – July 1996 P August 1996 – July 1997 R August 1997 – July 1998 S August 1998 – February 1999 T March 1999 – August 1999 V September 1999 – February 2000 W March 2000 – August 2000 X September 2000 – February 2001 Y March 2001 – August 2001	Year March September 2001 — 51 2002 02 52 2003 03 53 2004 04 54 2005 05 55 2006 06 56 2007 07 57 2008 08 58 2009 09 59 2010 10 60 2011 11 61 2012 12 62 2013 13 63 2014 14 64 2015 15 65 2016 16 66 2017 17 67 2018 18 68 2019 19 69 2020 20 70 2021 21 71 2022 22 72 2023 23 73 2024 24 74 2025 25 75	Year March September 2026 26 76 2027 27 77 2028 28 78 2029 29 79 2030 30 80 2031 31 81 2032 32 82 2033 33 83 2034 34 84 2035 35 85 2036 36 86 2037 37 87 2038 38 88 2039 39 89 2040 40 90 2041 41 91 2042 42 92 2043 43 93 2044 44 94 2045 45 95 2046 46 96 2047 47 97 2048 48 98 2049 49 99 2050 50 —

[edit] Local area codes

[edit] Northern Ireland

[edit] Characters

In Northern Ireland current number plates take the form "ABC 1000", where "BC" represents the county or city and "A" denotes the position in the series. The numbering begins at 1000 and ends at 9999. After 9999, the next letter in alphabetical order is used at position "A" and the numbering series begins with 1000 once again. For example, in 2005 County Antrim is using the series "KZ", having already completed "IA" and "DZ". After "KZ" is exhausted, it will use "RZ". The full list of county codes appears below.

The county letters without the series position identifier were used previously on their own, in the same order that they are now being used. After all these registrations had been issued, the extra letter was added to increase capacity. Numbers below 1000 are now not issued to the public in the normal way but instead held back by DVLNI and supplied at a premium as vanity plates.

This system was also used in the Republic of Ireland until 1987 as part of an original British all-Ireland system. It was similar to an older system used in Great Britain, but the use of the letters I and Z is unique to Ireland. In this system, two-letter county codes existed for all counties or administrative areas in Ireland, but are now used only in Northern Ireland. (See also: Irish Vehicle Registration Plates)

The DVA are considering adopting the system used in the rest of the UK^{[citation needed]}, using I as the first letter (no confusion could be made with 1 as it would be followed by another letter).

[edit] Special plates

Northern Ireland number plates are used often in Great Britain as vanity plates to cheaply hide the age of an older vehicle.

The County Fermanagh registrations KIL, CIG and NIG were deemed inappropriate and will never be issued.

[edit] European plates and the GB controversy

The European Union standard for number plates causes some degree of resentment in Northern Ireland as the internationally recognised number-plate code for all of the United Kingdom is 'GB' for Great Britain. As Northern Ireland is not geographically part of Great Britain, "GB" can appear to exclude Northern Ireland.

The vast majority of number plates viewed on the streets of Northern Ireland lack the EU-style blue strip identifying a country. There are unofficial Northern Ireland number plates which use the EU-style blue strip on the left hand side with the European flag but without any country code. Other versions use the unofficial country codes "NI" or "NIrl". Within the Nationalist community, some people choose to display an 'IRL' version, e.g. |IRL| ACZ 0000|, a hybrid of the Northern Irish number plate format but with the country identification code of the Republic of Ireland. This is incorrect in terms of the European numbering system; although the DVLA permits Northern Irish, Scottish, Welsh and English variants, there is no provision for the Republic of Ireland country code on UK number plates.

Proposals were made to change the "GB" code to "UK", but this came to nothing^{[citation needed]}. Confusingly, the British driving licence, common to both Great Britain and Northern Ireland, features the country identifier "UK" inside the European stars, not "GB"^[7].

[edit] County codes in alphabetical order

AZ — Belfast BZ — Down CZ — Belfast DZ — Antrim EZ — Belfast FZ — Belfast GZ — Belfast HZ — Tyrone IA — Antrim IB — Armagh IG — Fermanagh IJ — Down

IL — Fermanagh IW — Londonderry JI — Tyrone JZ — Down KZ — Antrim LZ — Armagh MZ — Belfast NZ — Londonderry OI — Belfast OZ — Belfast PZ — Belfast RZ — Antrim

SZ — Down TZ — Belfast UI — Derry City UZ — Belfast VZ — Tyrone WZ — Belfast XI — Belfast XZ — Armagh YZ — Londonderry QNI — Re-registration within Northern Ireland

[edit] Series per county

The present series is highlighted in bold, those already used are in italics.

Antrim CC: (in original issuing sequence) IA DZ KZ RZ
IA1 was first issued in 1903, the series running to IA9999; followed by DZ1-DZ9999 (1932-1947); KZ1-KZ9999 (1947-1954); RZ1-RZ9999 (1954-19??).
The sequence was then reversed, viz: 1IA-9999IA; 1DZ-9999DZ; 1KZ-9999KZ; 1RZ-9999RZ - this sequence ending in January 1966.
A suffix letter was then added, and the sequence ran AIA1-YIA9999 (Jan 1966 to May 1985), then ADZ1-ADZ9999 (1985-1988), the current series AKZ1-YKZ9999 beginning in 1988.
The sequence will continue with ARZ1-YRZ9999; when this is exhausted the series will reverse, i.e. 1AIA-9999YIA, 1ADZ-9999YDZ, 1AKZ-9999YKZ and finally 1ARZ-9999YRZ.

Armagh CC: (in original issuing sequence) IB LZ XZ
IB1 was first issued in 1903, the series running to IB9999; followed by LZ1-LZ9999 (1947-1957); XZ1-XZ9999 (1947-19??).
The sequence was then reversed, viz: 1IB-9999IB; 1LZ-9999LZ; 1XZ-9999XZ - this sequence ending in March 1972.
A suffix letter was then added, and the sequence ran AIB1-YIB9999 (Mar 1972 to ?? 1986), the current series ALZ1-YLZ9999 beginning in 1986.
The sequence will continue with AXZ1-YXZ9999; when this is exhausted the series will reverse, i.e. 1AIB-9999YIB, 1ALZ-9999YLZ, and finally 1AXZ-9999YXZ.

Belfast CBC: (in original issuing sequence) OI XI AZ CZ EZ FZ GZ MZ OZ PZ TZ UZ WZ
OI1-OI9999 (1903-1922); XI1-XI9999 (1922-1928); AZ1-AZ9999 (1928-1932); CZ1-CZ9999 (1932-1935); EZ1-EZ9999 (1935-1938); FZ1-FZ9999 (1938-1942); GZ1-GZ9999 (1942-1947); MZ1-MZ9999 (1947-1950); OZ1-OZ9999 (1950-1953); PZ1-PZ9999 (1953-1954); TZ1-TZ9999 (1954-1955); UZ1-UZ9999 (1955-1957); WZ1-WZ9999 (1957-1959).
In 1959 the sequence was reversed: 1OI-9999OI (1958/59); 1XI-9999XI (1959/60); 1AZ-9999AZ (1960/61); 1CZ-9999CZ (1961/62); 1EZ-9999EZ (1962/63); 1FZ-9999FZ (1963/64); 1GZ-9999GZ (1964/65); 1MZ-9999MZ (1965/66); 1OZ-9999OZ (1966); 1PZ-9999PZ (1967); 1TZ-9999TZ (1967/68); 1UZ-9999UZ (1968); 1WZ-9999WZ (1968-Apr1969).
In April 1969 a three-letter sequence began with AOI1 and ran through to YOI9999. The sequence continued in May 1982 with AXI1 and ran to YXI9999 (1993), then AAZ1-YAZ9999 (1993-1999), ACZ1-YCZ9999 (1999-2006?), with the current sequence being AEZ1-YEZ9999 (commencing in 2006?).

Derry City: UI

Down CC: (in original issuing sequence) IJ BZ JZ SZ

Fermanagh CC: (in original issuing sequence) IL IG

Londonderry CC: (in original issuing sequence) IW NZ YZ

Tyrone CC: (in original issuing sequence) JI HZ VZ

[edit] Crown Dependencies

The Crown Dependencies of the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are outside the United Kingdom, and have registration marks that differ from those used in the UK.

[edit] Jersey

[edit] Standard plates

Jersey registration plates consist of the letter 'J' followed by one to six digits; plates may now incorporate the coat of arms of Jersey in a white strip on the left, along with the country identifier 'GBJ' (Great Britain - Jersey). This design is similar to the EU standard plate, but does not incorporate the European flag, as Jersey is outside the European Union.

Low digit registration marks, with four or less digits, are considered more desirable --- Very low digit registration marks, with three or less digits, are considered highly desirable.

[edit] Special plates

Hire cars registered on Jersey shall display a silver letter 'H' on a red background on the left of the registration plate.

"Where a vehicle is brought temporarily into Jersey ... from a country in which the vehicle is not under the law of that country required to be registered, the Inspector may, .... assign to it an identification mark which shall be displayed on the vehicle as provided in that paragraph."

"The Mark shall consist of the letter 'E' followed by a number." (Jersey Legal Information^[8]).

Cherished plates, having the format 'JSY' followed by one to three digits, are officially auctioned. Such is the desirability of low digit registration marks that these are often included in the auctions. (The new registered keeper purchases the right to display the registration mark rather than outright ownership of it).

A Jersey "Trader" plate has white letters on a red background and is made of a flexible magnetic material. These plates are for use by a bona-fide motor trader on any unregistered vehicle being used in connection with the business of that motor trader.

[edit] Guernsey

[edit] Standard plates

Guernsey plates consist of up to five digits, sometimes in white on a black background, and sometimes with a circle containing the letters 'GBG', the island's international vehicle registration. Plates with lower numbers are of a higher value. Vehicles used by the Guernsey Fire Service do not carry number plates.

[edit] Special plates

Guernsey hire cars sport a black 'H' on a yellow background on a separate plate, much like the 'L plate' required by learners. Locals consider this to stand for "Horror", as foreign drivers often lack understanding of road features such as 'filter in turn' sections common to Guernsey roads.

[edit] Alderney

In Alderney, a dependency of Guernsey, separate registrations are issued always with the prefix 'AY' followed by a space and then digits.

An Alderney plate has white text on a black background.

[edit] Sark

Sark bans cars on its roads, so no number plates exist.

[edit] Isle of Man

When vehicle registration began in the Isle of Man in 1906, number plates started with the letters 'MN' followed by up to four digits. In 1935, the prefix 'MAN' came into use, followed by up to three digits, and the following year a further scheme was introduced allowing three letters (BMN through YMN) to be used in addition to up to three digits. In 1959, the scheme changed to allow the digits to precede the letters. Currently a trailing letter is added to new registrations, as illustrated.

There is no indicator of vehicle age in the Manx number plate as each can be transferred from vehicle to vehicle.

Plates now incorporate the Manx flag, bearing the triskelion symbol, and the country identification code GBM (Great Britain-Man). Manx number plates are similar in appearance to number plates of vehicles registered in the Republic of Ireland. This is because the typeface used on Manx number plates is similar to that used on many Irish Vehicle Registration Plates. The Celtic font 'Isle of Man' identifier above the registration number is the same position as the Irish language county identifier displayed on Irish number plates.

[edit] Other formats

[edit] Overseas Territories

Some of the British overseas territories, including Gibraltar and the Falkland Islands, use similar number plates to the UK, with the same colours and typeface.

Until 2002 Gibraltar car number plates consisted of the letter 'G' and five digits, but this changed to 'G' followed by four digits and a letter. The European flag is also now featured, along with the international vehicle registration GBZ. Military vehicles have the letters 'RN'.

In the Falklands, the format is 'F' followed by four digits and a letter.

Bermuda number plates issued to general passenger vehicles are five black digits on a plain white background, similarly-sized to UK plates. Vanity plates, however, have recently become available that allow motorists to choose any seven-letter phrase, overlaid on a map of the island with "Bermuda" printed across the top, on a plate of identical dimensions to plates from the United States.

Anguilla has an 'A' followed by 4 digits, with a 'G' on the end for a government vehicle, a 'H' for a hire vehicle/taxi and an 'R' for a rental vehicle.

A 1234

In the British Virgin Islands Private Vehicles have 'PV' followed by four digits. Commercial vehicles have 'CM' followed by four digits. Rental vehicles have RT followed by four digits. Taxis have TX followed by four digits. Government vehicles have GV followed by four digits.

PV 1234

Cayman Islands simply have 6 numbers on them, separated into groups of 3.

123 456

Saint Helena islands just have 3 digits on them, with government vehicles having a prefix of 'SHG.'

123

Turks and Caicos Islands plates have 5 digits on them, with the text "Beautiful by Nature" and "Turks and Caicos Islands". Different colours are used for Private (red), Commercial (green), Government (black) and Hire (yellow) cars. The Governor's cars do not display a number plate, simply a plate with a crown.

[edit] British Forces plates

British forces number plates are either in the form of two digits, two letters, two digits (ie. 12 AB 34), or from 1995 onwards, two letters, two digits, two letters (ie. AB 12 CD). Before 1982, the central two letters signified the branch of the armed forces or category of vehicle. ^[9] Military number plates are still often in the silver/white on black scheme used for civilian plates before 1973 and can be presented in one, two or three rows of characters. Until 1988, in West Germany, private vehicles owned by members of HM Forces and their families also used plates with the same format, distinct from those used in the UK. This was discontinued for security reasons, as it made them vulnerable to IRA attacks. Private vehicles driven by British military personnel are now issued with either standard UK number plates (if right hand drive) or German ones (if left hand drive).

[edit] Trade Plates

Trade Plates are used by the motor trade to move untaxed vehicles on the public highway. Until 1970 two types of Trade Plates were used; General Trade Plates had white letters and numbers on a red background and could be used for all such purposes. Limited Trade Plates used red numbers and letters on a white background and were restricted in their use (e.g. a vehicle being driven under Limited Trade Plates was not allowed to carry passengers). From 1970 only one type of trade plate was used, which perpetuated the red on white format.

[edit] Diplomatic plates

Since 1979 cars operated by foreign embassies, consular staff, and various international organisations have been given plates with a distinguishing format of three numbers, one letter, three numbers. The letter is D for diplomats or X for accredited non-diplomatic staff. The first group of three numbers identifies the country or organisation to whom the plate has been issued, the second group of three numbers is a serial number, starting at 101 for diplomats (although some embassies were erroneously issued 100), 400 for non-diplomatic staff of international organisations, and 700 for consular staff. Thus, for example, 101 D 101 identifies the first plate allocated to the Afghanistan embassy, 900 X 400 is the first plate allocated to the Commonwealth Secretariat. See List of country codes on British diplomatic vehicle registration plates.

[edit] "Personalised" number plates

It is still legal to use any of the above schemes for so-called vanity plates –. Any registration with 2-3 consecutive valid letters and a number 1-999 (and possibly another letter) is allowed. As many vehicles registered before 1963 have been destroyed, these "dateless" pre 1963 personalised plates are usually highly sought-after and valuable, since they can be used to hide the age of an older vehicle. However, some consider it a great pity that many classic cars now lose their original plates due to the owners cashing in on the high premiums paid for highly desirable personalised registrations. The Government's Cherished Mark Transfer scheme allows owners to display a registration index more appropriate to a speciality or collector vehicle and there are also a large number of private dealers who not only act as agents for DVLA issues, but hold their own private stock of dateless registrations and other cherished numbers. The DVLA however can only offer for sale registrations that have never previously been issued and thus have a limited offering and limited scope. One may not use a registration index to make one's vehicle appear younger or newer than it actually is.

As popularity grows, the prices reached for the most expensive plates are always increasing. "M 1" sold at auction in Goodwood on 7 June 2006 for £330,000. This is reported (falsely) as currently the world record price achieved for a personal plate. The previous record was £285,000 for "VIP 1": rumoured to have been bought by Roman Abramovich, it was originally an Irish number, formerly on a car once used by Pope John Paul II when visiting Dublin.^[10][11].

Update: The record price for a number plate was £375,000 paid at auction on 25 January 2008 by Afzal Kahn for "F 1" previously owned and sold by Essex County Council and affixed originally in 1904 to the Panhard Levassor of the then County Surveyor. (Source: BBC News 25 January 2008)

[edit] State vehicles used by the reigning monarch

Uniquely, the Rolls-Royce, Bentley and other motor cars used by the reigning monarch on official business do not carry number plates. The official car of the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland also does not carry plates (but only for the duration of the week-long General Assembly). The monarch's private vehicles, and cars driven by other members of the royal family, all carry number plates.

[edit] Theft of number plates

To combat "cloning", where criminals have number plates made up for a vehicle of identical type and colour and use them on their own vehicle to commit crime without being traceable (yet appearing legitimate to a cursory police computer check), the UK Government recently introduced laws requiring the production of personal identification and vehicle registration documents when buying replacement plates from a retailer.

Although "show plates" are widely available on mail-order with no such checks (making the law wholly ineffective), number plate theft has become a new activity for criminals, who presumably wish to leave no record of their having purchased "show plates". Cloned vehicles are frequently used to avoid speeding, parking and congestion charging fines.

Tamper-resistant plates, which cannot be removed from a vehicle without destroying them, have been demonstrated in a bid to beat the problem. Ironically the DVLA effectively banned the formerly legal adhesive plates (popular for some sports cars such as the Mazda MX-5 and Alfa Romeo Spider) in 2001, which are tamper-proof by design.

[edit] See also

• British car number plate identifiers
• Mass surveillance
• Vehicle Excise Duty
• Vehicle registration plate

[edit] References

• Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency. Registration Marks - Current System, English Version. Archived from the original on 2005-03-19. Retrieved on 2006-08-11.

[edit] Notes

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] External links

• Printable PDFs of DVLA number plate specifications
• Vehicle Registration in the Isle of Man
• Further information on British registration numbers including pre-2001 area issuing codes
• Jersey Driver and Vehicle Standards
• Personalised Number plates

v • d • e Vehicle registration plates of Europe Sovereign states Albania · Andorra · Armenia1 · Austria · Azerbaijan2 · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus1 · Czech Republic · Denmark4 · Estonia · Finland · France4, 5, 6 · Georgia2 · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Republic of Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan3 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Republic of Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia3 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain6 · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey3 · Ukraine · United Kingdom (England • Northern Ireland • Scotland • Wales) Dependencies, autonomies, other territories Abkhazia 2 · Adjara1 · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Åland · Azores · Crimea · Faroe Islands · Gagauzia · Gibraltar · Greenland7 · Guernsey · Jan Mayen · Jersey · Kosovo · Isle of Man · Madeira8 · Nagorno-Karabakh1 · Nakhchivan1 · Northern Cyprus1 · South Ossetia 2 · Svalbard · Transnistria Italics indicates an unrecognised or partially recognised country. 1 Entirely in Southwest Asia.  2 Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the border definitions.  3 / 4 / 5 / 6 Has part of its territory in Asia / North America / South America / Africa.  7 / 8 Entirely on the North American Plate / African Plate.