Vasily Zavoyko

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Vasily Stepanovich Zavoyko (Russian: Василий Степанович Завойко; 1809-1898) was an admiral in the Russian navy.^[1][2] Born to a noble family of Poltava Guberniya,^[1] in 1827 he took part in the Battle of Navarino,^[1] and in 1835-1838 he twice circumnavigated the Earth.^[1]

In 1840 he became an employee of the Russian-American Company and soon became the manager of the Okhotsk port.^[1] He deduced that the port was inconvenient for trade, as it was too far from the Lena River basin and advocated transfer of the Company port to Ayan. During his exploration Zavoyko discovered the estuary of the Amur river. Zavoyko's reports about the potential importance of the river led to the 1846 expedition to study Amur and ultimately to the incorporation of the modern Primorsky Krai to Russia.^[1]

In 1850, he was appointed governor of Kamchatka and the commander of the port of Petropavlovsk.^[1] Under Zavoyko's governorship, Kamchatka expanded to include a wharf, foundry, and a new army barracks. Zavoyko also encouraged agricultural expansion, urging each household to sustain itself with potato farming. These efforts, however, did little to improve the region's low economic and cultural standards. ^[3]

In 1854, during the Crimean War, Zavoyko led the successful defence against the Siege of Petropavlovsk by the allied British-French troops commanded by Rear Admirals David Price and Fevrier de Point. Zavoyko managed to repel the superior allied forces and even captured the British banner.^[1]

In the winter of 1855, Zavoyko was in charge of the transfer the main Russian Pacific naval base from Petropavlovsk to the Amur estuary. The fleet managed to make its way through despite the frozen seas and the superior enemy fleet awaiting them near the Amur inflow.^[1] In two months sailors built the Nikolayevsk-on-Amur city that served as the base for the fleet.^[1]

In 1856, Zavoyko returned to Saint Petersburg, where he served as the Naval General-Auditor.^[1]

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