Våler, Hedmark
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| Våler kommune | |||
| — Municipality — | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country | Norway | ||
| County | Hedmark | ||
| District | Solør | ||
| Municipality ID | NO-0426 | ||
| Administrative centre | Våler i Solør | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor (2003) | Kjell Konterud (Ap) | ||
| Area (Nr. 158 in Norway) | |||
| - Total | 705 km² (272.2 sq mi) | ||
| - Land | 678 km² (261.8 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2004) | |||
| - Total | 3,906 | ||
| - Density | 6/km² (15.5/sq mi) | ||
| - Change (10 years) | -8.9 % | ||
| - Rank in Norway | 234 | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Official language form | Bokmål | ||
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| Website: www.vaaler-he.kommune.no | |||
Våler is a municipality in the county of Hedmark, Norway.
The municipality of Åsnes og Våler was divided in 1854.
The municipality is bordered in the north by Elverum, in the east by Trysil and Sweden, in the south by Åsnes and in the west by Stange.
The municipality lies in the north end of Solør, and is often referred to as Våler in Solør. Solør is the geographical area that lies between the cities Elverum and Kongsvinger. In East in Solør, in the area bordering Sweden lies the area known as Finnskogen.
After 1837, Våler was a part of Hof municipality. In 1848, Åsnes was split out as its own municipality with Våler as a part of it. Later, in 1854, Våler became an independent municipality, after a hard struggle mainly led by parliament member Christian Svenkerud.
Agriculture and forestry are the main industries in Våler. With near 90% of the total area covered with forest, Våler is among the larger forested municipalities in Norway. Most of the agricultural areas are found near the river Glomma.
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[edit] The name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old farm Våler (Norse Válir), since the first church was built here. The name is the plural form of váll m 'clearance in the wood'.
[edit] Coat of arms
The coat of arms is from 1987. It shows an arrow with wings. An old legend tells that Saint Olaf shot an arrow here in 1022 - and where it fell down the first church was built.
[edit] History
[edit] The stone age
It is not known for certain when the first humans arrived in Våler, but it is thought to be at the end of the neolithic era (4000 – 1800 BC). Tools made of flint have been found that are dated to about 2000 BC. Flint is not natural to the area, indicating it came along trade routes from the south.
The first humans in the deep forests of Våler lived mainly by hunting and fishing. Even though the people around the nearby lake Mjøsa already kept livestock and grew crops, some time passed before the people in Våler settled as farmers.
[edit] Pre-Christian times
From about 1000 BC there are findings that indicate settlements in Våler. In the viking era, from about 700 – 1000 AD, Våler became more than just a few settled farms. At one stage in history, Solør was a powerful petty kingdom.
The name Våler comes from the Norse word vål, which means “trunks, or stumps (roots) from burnt trees in a clearing.” Names which are variations of vål are common in Norway as the first stage of clearing woodland for cultivation was to burn the trees and undergrowth. (Reference: Sawyer)
The conversion of Hedemark or Hedmark to christianity is mentioned in the Heimskringla (The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway) by Snorri Sturluson. According to legend, king Olaf II (Saint Olaf) went to Våler to convert the heathens to Christianity in 1022 AD. At first there was some resistance, but resistance proved to be futile. The farmers were quickly convinced to convert to Christianity, as in many other areas of Norway. The king decided that they had to build a church, but the locals couldn't agree where to place it. So the king settled the matter in a simple and efficient way. He took his bow, and shot an arrow up in the air and declared that wherever the arrow landed, the church was to be built. The arrow landed in a vål at the banks of the river Glomma. This incident gave name to both the place and the church. (Although later the church was called Mariakirken, which translates to Church of Mary). Våler's coat of arms is illustrating Saint Olaf's arrow.
[edit] Medieval period
During medieval times, Våler was just an outpost far from the main travel route. Those few who went through, were either wanderers or pilgrims heading for Saint Olaf's tomb in Nidaros (later Trondheim). One pilgrim’s route for Swedish pilgrims lay through Eidskog, Solør and Elverum; Adam of Bremen mentions this route as early as 1070. Along this route, the pilgrims often stopped at the spring at Våler, where legend had it that Saint Olaf had watered his horse; the water was supposed to possess wonderful curative properties. (Reference: Stagg)
The Black Death spread through Norway between 1348 – 1350. We do not know how hard Våler was affected by the plague, but a legend tells that only one boy and one girl survived.
By the 1600s there was quite a lot of livestock in Våler. As the technology improved, the forestry became more and more important in the forests along the many rivers and lakes in the area.
[edit] The Finnish immigration
An important part of Våler's and Solør's history, is the immigration and settlement of people from Finland. From the late 1500s they were encouraged by Swedish king Gustav Vasa to settle in the unpopulated areas of Värmland and Solør, along the border between Norway and Sweden. At that time the forests far from the settled areas were of little value, and therefore immigrants could settle in large numbers without coming into conflict with the locals. The Finnish immigration was a result of hunger and turbulent times in Finland. Gustav Vasa welcomed the immigrants, because he wanted to increase the taxable income from the scarcely populated areas of western Sweden.
The Finns brought with them their unique culture and their way of life. Amongst other things, they imported the agricultural technique, common in Finland and Eastern Sweden, known as svedjebruk or slash-burn agriculture. This involved setting fire to the forest and growing crops on the fertile ash-covered soil. The clearing was initially planted to rye, and then in the second and third year with turnips or cabbages. It then might be grazed for several years before being allowed to return to woodland. In this manner, they periodically moved around and burned down new areas and left their former areas to regrow with forest. (Reference: Sawyer)
The Finnish language, still has an influence in the area. Many placenames and words and expressions in the local dialects derive from the Finnish. The area itself is called Finnskogen, which translates as "The Finnish forest".
[edit] Church history
The oldest information known about Mariakirken, is from the 17th century. It was a stave church, and it was by 1686 in very bad condition. 800 years after Saint Olaf it probably wasn't the same church-building which was built during his reign. Most probably it had been rebuilt at least once, but it must still have been a few hundred years old. It was restored late 17th century, and then lasted another century.
In 1804 the people of Våler asked the king permission to build a new church. The old stave church was yet again in bad condition, and also too small for the growing community. It was permitted by the king, and so the construction of a new church started the same year. The church tower is dated 1805, and the dedication of the new church was June 26, 1806. The old stave church was then torn down. Today, there is a monument where the old church stood.
[edit] Relics and old ornaments
Among the church's relics, the baptismal font of soap stone is probably the oldest. It's from the 12th century, and is still in use. It is in the Romanesque style with interwoven patterns and vined acanthus ornamentation. It was probably carved at one of the stone quarries in the Gudbrandsdal.
A beautiful chalice in Gothic style is an example of excellent 13th century craftsmanship, although it needed restoration in 1717.
A wrought iron ornament, also of the 13th century, which originally decorated the entrance door to the old stavkirke, is now reused in a 17th century door placed in one of the church's side entrances.
An even older relic, Olavsspenningen or St. Olav's buckle, is now kept in the collection of ancient relics in Oslo. It is an iron buckle which is forged to look like a withy binding, and legend has it that it was on St. Olav's horse's bridle when St. Olav shot the arrow that determined the location of the Våler church. The buckle apparently fell off, and subsequently was presented as a memorial of the occasion.
A new altar piece was carved in 1697 by Johannes Skraastad (1648 – 1700) from Vang. The old altar piece from the 17th century, was restored around 1860 and now hangs in the northern end of the church.
[edit] References
- Hedmark, edited by Sigmund Moren, Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, Oslo 1978.
- Medieval Scandinavia, by Birgit & Peter Sawyer, University of Minnesota, 1993.
- East Norway and its Frontier, by Frank Noel Stagg, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1956.
- Jubileumsskrift (Anniversary book), edited by Mikal Lundstein, Våler Municipality, 2004.
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