Uvs Nuur

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Uvs Nuur" redirects here. For other uses, see Uvs Nuur (disambiguation).
Uvs Nuur
Uvs Nuur -
Coordinates 50°18′N 92°42′ECoordinates: 50°18′N 92°42′E
Lake type saline
Primary inflows Tesiin gol and others
Primary outflows none
Basin countries Mongolia, Russia
Max. length 84 km
Max. width 79 km
Surface area 3,350 km²
Average depth 6 m
Surface elevation 759 m
Settlements Ulaangom

Uvs Nuur or Lake Uvs (Mongolian: Увс Нуур, Uvs Nuur[1]; Tuvan: Успа-Холь, Uspa-Khol; Russian: Убсу-Нур, Ubsu-Nur, Russian: Убса, Ubsa) is a highly saline lake in an endorheic basin in Mongolia with a small part in Russia. It is the largest lake in Mongolia by surface area, covering 3,350 km² at 759 m above sea level.[2] The northeastern tip of the lake is situated in the Tuva Republic of the Russian Federation. The largest settlement near the lake is Ulaangom. This shallow and very saline body of water is a remainder of a huge saline sea which covered a much larger area several thousand years ago.

Contents

[edit] Geography

Uvs Nuur has a length of 84 km and a width of 79 km, with an average depth of 6 m. Its basin is separated from the rest of the Great Lakes Depression by the Khan Khökhii ridge. However, it is not a rift lake as some mistakenly think.

The main feeding rivers are the Baruntara Gol, Nariin Gol, and Tesiin Gol from Khangai Mountains in the east, and the Kharkhiraa River and Sangil Gol from the Altai Mountains in the west.[3]

[edit] Ecology

The very large catchment area with no exit results in highly saline water (18.8 ppt, 5 times saltier than the oceans), primarily due to sulphate and sodium ions.

The lake freezes over from October to May. In summer, it exhibits a temperature gradient from 25° C at the surface to 19° C at the bottom.[3]

29 different species of fish have been counted in Uvs Nuur, although none of them are suitable for human consumption.[4]

[edit] Protected sites

All of the lake and many parts of its surroundings have been declared protected sites. The UNESCO is using the designation "Uvs Nuur site" as an umbrella term to summarize twelve separate clusters of protected sites, each a representative of a major eastern Eurasian biome.[5]

A satellite image of the Uvs-Nuur lake basin
A satellite image of the Uvs-Nuur lake basin

[edit] Uvs Nuur Basin

Main article: Uvs Nuur Basin

The Uvs Nuur Lake is the terminal basin for the Uvs Nuur Basin, which covers an area of 70,000 km² and represents one of the best-preserved natural steppe landscapes of Eurasia. The border between Mongolia and Russia runs through the northern periphery of the basin. Here the world's most northern desert meets the world's most southern tundra zone.[6] Apart from the Uvs Nuur, the basin comprises several smaller lakes. As these lakes lie to the north of other inland seas of Central Asia, they are of key importance for waterfowl migration.

Uvs Nuur drainage basin
Uvs Nuur drainage basin

Since the basin spans the geoclimatic boundary between Siberia and Central Asia, temperatures may vary from −58°C in winter to 47°C in summer. Despite its harsh climate, the depression is home to 173 bird species and 41 mammal species, including the globally endangered snow leopard, argali, and Asiatic ibex. The population density is low here. The lack of industry and the reliance of the inhabitants on traditional ways such as nomadic pasturing have little impact on the landscape and allow the ecosystem to remain relatively pristine.[7]

In 2003, the UNESCO listed the Uvs Nuur Basin as a natural World Heritage Site.[8] It was nominated as "one of the largest intact watersheds in Central Asia where 40,000 archeological sites can be found from historically famous nomadic tribes such as the Scythians, the Turks and the Huns."[9] This transboundary patrimony is one of the largest sites inscribed in the World Heritage List to date.

[edit] References

  1. ^ The English usage "Uvs Nuur Lake" is a pleonasm, as the word nuur already means "lake" in Mongolian.
  2. ^ Увс нуур. www.medeelel.mn. Retrieved on 2008-02-08.
  3. ^ a b Jon Davies. Mongolia. International Water Management Institute. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.
  4. ^ Erdene-Ochir Badarch. Uvs Nuur Basin; World Natural Heritage Site. United Nations Institute for Training and Research. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.
  5. ^ World Heritage Protection Extended to Five Natural Sites. Environmental News Service (2003). Retrieved on 2008-02-10.
  6. ^ Ubsu-Nur Accepted into World Network of Biosphere Reserves. ISAR. Retrieved on 2006-12-31.
  7. ^ The Ubsunur Hollow. Greenpeace. Retrieved on 2006-12-31.
  8. ^ Uvs Nuur Basin. whc.unesco.org. Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
  9. ^ Russia's First World Heritage Site. Retrieved on 2006-12-31.

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: