USS Rich (DE-695)
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.jpg/300px-USS_Rich_(DE-695).jpg) |
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| Career |  |
|---|---|
| Ordered: | 1942 |
| Laid down: | 27 March 1943 |
| Launched: | 22 June 1943 |
| Commissioned: | 1 October 1943 |
| Fate: | Sunk by German mine, Utah Beach, Normandy, on 8 June 1944 |
| Struck: | |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 1,400 tons standard 1,740 tons full load |
| Length: | 306 ft (93 m) |
| Beam: | 37 ft (11.3 m) |
| Draft: | 9.5 ft (4.1 m) standard 11.25 ft full load |
| Propulsion: | 2 boilers, General Electric Turbo-electric drive 2 solid manganese-bronze 3600 lb 3-bladed propellers, 8.5 ft (2.6 m). diameter, 7 ft 7 inch pitch 12,000 hp (8.9 MW) 2 rudders |
| Speed: | 23 knots (43 km/h) |
| Range: | 359 tons oil 3,700 nautical miles at 15 kt (6,800 km at 28 km/h) 6,000 nautical miles at 12 kt (11,000 km at 22 km/h) |
| Complement: | 15 officers, 210 men normal 12 officers, 203 men at time of loss |
| Armament: | 3 × 3 in/50 cal. guns (76.2 mm) 4 × 1.1 in/75 (28 mm) AA guns (1×4) 8 × 20 mm 3 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes (1×3) 1 × hedgehog projector 8 × depth charge projectors (K-guns) 2 × depth charge tracks |
USS Rich (DE-695) was a Buckley-class destroyer escort, the first United States Navy ship named in honor of Lieutenant (j.g.) Ralph M. Rich (1916–1942) who was awarded the Navy Cross for his leadership as a fighter pilot off Enterprise during the Battle of Midway.
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[edit] Building and commissioning
Rich was laid down on 27 March 1943 by the Defoe Shipbuilding Company, Bay City, Michigan, the third destroyer escort to be built at that yard. She was launched on 22 June 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Ralph McMaster Rich, widow of LT(JG) Rich. Builder's trials before her pre-commissioning cruise were done in Lake Huron.
After completion, Rich sailed from the builder's yard at Bay City to Chicago, Illinois, where they arrived on 24 September. From there, they went through the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal and down the Chicago River to Joliet, Illinois, where pontoons were attached to the ship so it could be pushed down the Des Plaines River, Illinois River, and Mississippi River as part of a barge train. After arriving at the Todd Johnson Shipyard in Algiers, La., on the west bank of the Mississippi at New Orleans, the rest of the crew reported aboard, and Rich was commissioned 1 October 1943, with Lieutenant Commander E. A. Michel, Jr., USNR, in command.
[edit] Operational life
Following shakedown off Bermuda, Rich was primarily engaged in coastal escort and patrol duty with Escort Division 19 until the end of February 1944. At this time, CORTDIV 19 consisted of the destroyer escorts Rich, Bull, Bunch, Bates, Amesbury, and Blessman. Then assigned to transatlantic escort work, she completed three round-trip crossings by May. On 10 May, 1944, Rich departed New York City in escort of a convoy to Britain in what would be her last transit of the North Atlantic.
On 23 May she arrived at Londonderry, Northern Ireland, and awaited a convoy to escort back to the United States. Instead, Rich was assigned to the Normandy Invasion force, and commenced preparations for Operation Neptune, the naval phase of the invasion of Normandy. She arrived at Plymouth, England on 4 June, and was assigned as an escort to the battleship USS Nevada (BB-36).
Delayed by weather for 24 hours, the "U" force sailed for France on 5 June, with Rich and her sister ship Bates in the screen of the bombardment group of Task Force 125 (TF 125), which consisted of the battleship Nevada and the cruisers USS Quincy, USS Tuscaloosa, and HMS Black Prince. From 6 June to 8 June, she screened the heavier units as they supplied gunfire support for the troops landed on Utah Beach to the northwest of the Carentan Estuary. On 6 June, Rich laid down a smoke screen which foiled an attack by German S-Boats.
Soon after 08:45 on 8 June, she was ordered by the Commander of Task Group 125.8 (TG 125.8) aboard Tuscaloosa to Fire Support Area 3 to assist the destroyer Glennon which had struck a mine northwest of the Saint-Marcouf Islands. Rich proceeded at full speed to the area, and then followed in the wake of two minesweepers to the immediate area of the Glennon. Closing Glennon, Rich dispatched a whaleboat, only to learn that her assistance was not needed at that point. Rich then started to round the disabled ship and take up station ahead of the minesweeper which had taken Glennon in tow. She moved at slow speed, with extra hands on the lookout for enemy planes and mines.
[edit] Sinking
At approximately 09:20, when Rich was about 300 yards (300 m) from the minesweeper Staff, which was in the process of taking Glennon in tow, a mine exploded 50 yards (50 m) off Rich's starboard beam. This tripped circuit breakers, knocked out the ship's lighting, shook up the ship hard, and knocked sailors off their feet, but caused no structural damage. Within a minute, the engine room reported that they were "ready to answer all bells". Three minutes later, a second mine went off directly under the ship. Approximately 50 feet of her stern was blown off, from frame 130 aft, just aft of the 1.1-inch mount in 'X' position. Even though the blown-off stern section caught fire, survivors clung to her wreckage, and it sank shortly afterward. There was a three-foot sag in the main deck, and two torpedoes ran hot in their tubes. A third mine, another influence mine, exploded below the ice machine room forward, delivering the final blow 2 minutes later. The forward section was totally wrecked, the flying bridge demolished, and forward fire room severely damaged, and the mast came crashing down. Life rafts were ordered cut loose, and Rich was ordered abandoned. Several PT boats in a squadron commanded by LCDR John D. Bulkeley came alongside Rich to take off personnel. All this time, they were being shelled by German shore batteries. A few minutes later, she sank in about 40 feet of water at . Of her crew, 27 were killed, 73 wounded, and 62 missing; in all, 91 were killed outright or died of wounds following their rescue. Rich was the only American destroyer escort lost in the invasion force. LCDR Michel, who suffered a broken leg, was awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism in the incident.
Rich earned one battle star for service during World War II.
After the Normandy beachhead was no longer being actively used, machinery, guns, ammunition, and other equipment was salvaged from the wreck. After the war, the wreck was thoroughly stripped by scavengers. A few of her artifacts are on display at the Normandy D-Day Museum. One of her propellers is also on display in front of the museum.
[edit] References
- This article includes text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.
- Bruce Hampton Franklin, The Buckley Class Destroyer Escorts (Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1999)
- Robert Gardiner, ed., Conway’s All the World’s Fighting Ships 1922–1946 (Conway Maritime Press, London, 1980)
[edit] External links
- history.navy.mil: USS Rich
- navsource.org: USS Rich
- hazegray.org: USS Rich
- USS Rich (DE-695) webpage
- desausa.org: USS Rich
