Usk

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This is about the town in Monmouthshire. For the hamlet in British Columbia, see Usk, British Columbia. For the German software rating organization, see Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle.

Usk
Welsh: Brynbuga
Usk shown within the United Kingdom
Population	2,318
OS grid reference	SO375005
Principal area	Monmouthshire
Ceremonial county	Gwent
Constituent country	Wales
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	USK
Postcode district	NP15
Dialling code	01291
Police	Gwent
Fire	South Wales
Ambulance	Welsh
European Parliament	Wales
UK Parliament	Monmouth
List of places: UK • Wales • Monmouthshire

Coordinates: 51°42′13″N 2°54′07″W / 51.7035, -2.9019

Usk (Welsh: Brynbuga) is a small picturesque town in Monmouthshire, Wales, situated 10 miles northeast of Newport. Usk is noted for its rural setting, tranquil lifestyle and quality of life. It feels more like a village than a town. The River Usk [1] flows through the town and is spanned by an ancient, arched stone bridge [2] at the western entrance to the town. A castle above the town overlooks the ancient Anglo-Welsh border crossing - the river can usually be crossed on foot in summer even today. Usk won the Large Village award in the 2005 Britain in Bloom awards [3].

1 Amenities
2 History
3 Twin town
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

[edit] Amenities

The current population is less than 2,500 and the town is known for its abundant supply of pubs and restaurants and antique shops. Many people will make the drive from Newport and even further afield for a quiet meal away from the bustle of the city. The main street, which is the A472 road, is a narrow collection of old houses, restaurants, pubs, shops and businesses (some premises dating back to the 15th century), and it passes a large and tranquil town square [4].

"Usk Island" is a park named after the small, incidental island in the middle of the river. It is mostly laid to grass, with surrounding woodland. The park is popular for a picnic or stroll, and also has a substantial adventure playground.

The South Wales Gliding Club is located near Gwernesney, about three miles east of Usk.

[edit] History

Usk was founded about AD 55 as the Roman legionary fortress of Burrium, the earliest legionary fortress in Wales. Although the site was constricted by hills, subject to flooding, and not on a navigable river, it offered good communications inland up the River Usk. However, by around AD 75 its disadvantages had become apparent and the Romans relocated their military base south to Caerleon. The Roman remains at Usk are buried on the southern side of the town.^[1]

After the fortress was abandoned, it continued to be occupied as a civilian settlement, with evidence of iron working. The Normans also realised Usk's geographical and military importance within the region, and the powerful de Clare family built Usk Castle as part of their plans for controlling the area's resources and people. The castle^[2], whilst hidden from view by surrounding trees planted in the early 20th century, is one of the few castles still privately owned and occupied.

A Benedictine priory was founded around 1170, and part of the building is retained in the church of St. Mary. The town was incorporated by charters granted by Edmund de Mortimer, King Edward II, Edward IV, and succeeding monarchs^[3]. Its location meant that it was inevitably frequently caught up in the border disputes between the English and the Welsh in this section of the Welsh Marches.

Usk was the birthplace of Adam of Usk. His chronicle records the 'Welsh Revolt', in 1403, when Owain Glyndŵr burned Usk to the ground while gaining control of South Wales from the English under King Henry IV and his son, later to become King Henry V. The important Battle of Pwll Melyn (Usk) in 1405 occurred when English forces routed their Welsh opponents causing much loss of life, including the execution of three hundred Welshmen in front of Usk castle when taken prisoner. Owain's brother Tudur was killed in this battle. In 2005, the 600th anniversary of the battle of Pwll Melyn was commemorated by a son-et-lumiere show.

In 1678, Usk was the site of St David Lewis' martyrdom for his alleged part in the bogus Popish Plot of Titus Oates.

From the late 18th century, Usk became well known for the quality of its Japanware, a process of decorating metals by applying a lacquer to tinplate. The process was first developed in the west by Thomas Allgood of nearby Pontypool and was taken on in Usk by his grandsons Thomas and Edward Allgood^[4].

Usk was a thriving market town through Victorian times. It takes its English name from the River Usk - a name derived from an ancient Brythonic word for river which may also mean "abounding in fish". The name resembles many others in Britain (e.g. Exe, Esk), and is related to Scottish uisge ("water"), and therefore to "whisky". During the latter 20th century the town was officially allocated the Welsh name Brynbuga, meaning "Buga's hill" and first recorded for the town in the 15th century.^[5] The Welsh speaking population locally is very low.

Llanbadoc, just across the River Usk from Usk is the birthplace (1823) of Alfred Russel Wallace, co-discoverer of evolution.

[edit] Twin town

Usk was twinned with the German town Graben-Neudorf in Baden-Württemberg in 1980 and over the past few years there have been numerous visits between the two towns, with the Usk Youth Brass Band making its most recent visit in autumn 2006. In 2006 the colour scheme of Usk in Bloom was based on those within the crests of both Usk and Graben-Neudorf.