University of Texas at Austin

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"University of Texas" redirects here. For other system schools, see University of Texas System.
The University of Texas at Austin
Motto: Disciplina praesidium civitatis (Latin)
Motto in English: Cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy[1]
Established: 1883
Type: Flagship state university
Endowment: US$15.6 billion[2]
President: William C. Powers, Jr.
Provost: Steven W. Leslie
Faculty: 2,500[3]
Staff: 14,000
Students: 49,696
Undergraduates: 36,878
Postgraduates: 12,818
Location: Austin, Texas, U.S.
Campus: Urban, 350 acres (1.4 km²)
Former names: University of Texas (1883-1967)[4]
Colors: Burnt orange and white[5]         
Nickname: Texas Longhorns
Mascot: University of Texas Longhorn logo Bevo
Website: www.utexas.edu
University of Texas at Austin Portal

The University of Texas at Austin (often referred to as The University of Texas, UT Austin, UT, or Texas) is a major research university[6] located in Austin, Texas and the flagship[7][8][9] institution of The University of Texas System. The main campus is located less than a mile from the Texas State Capitol in Austin. UT Austin was named one of the original eight "Public Ivy" institutions of higher education; i.e., a public institution that "provides an Ivy League collegiate experience at a public school price."[10] Founded in 1883, the university has had the fifth largest single-campus enrollment in the nation as of fall 2006 (and had the largest enrollment in the country from 1997–2003), with nearly 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and 16,500 faculty and staff.[3] It currently holds the largest enrollment of all colleges in the state of Texas.[11]

The university also operates various auxiliary facilities aside from the main campus, most notably the J. J. Pickle Research Campus. Texas is a major center for academic research, annually exceeding $380 million in funding. In addition, the university's athletic programs were recognized by Sports Illustrated, which dubbed UT "America's Best Sports College" in 2002.

Contents

[edit] History

Main article: History of the University of Texas at Austin
The University's old Main Building in 1903
The University's old Main Building in 1903

The first mention of a public university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although an article promised to establish public education in the arts and sciences, no action was ever taken by the Mexican government. After Texas obtained its independence from Mexico in 1836, the Congress of Texas adopted the Constitution of the Republic, which included a provision to establish public education in republic, including two universities or colleges. On January 26, 1839, the Congress of Texas agreed to eventually set aside fifty leagues of land towards the effort; in addition, forty acres in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated "College Hill."

In 1846, Texas was annexed into the United States. The state legislature passed the Act of 1858, which set aside $100,000 in United States bonds towards construction. In addition, the legislature designated land, previously reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction, toward the universities' fifty leagues. However, Texas's secession from the Union and the American Civil War prevented further action on these plans.

The passing of the Morrill Act in 1862 facilitated the creation of Texas A&M University, which was established in 1876 as the Agricultural & Mechanical College of Texas.[12] The Texas Constitution of 1876 mandated that the state establish a university "at an early day," calling for the creation of a "university of the first class," The University of Texas. It revoked the endowment of the railroad lands of the Act of 1858 but appropriated one million acres (4000 km²) in West Texas. In 1883, another two million were granted, with income from the sale of land and grazing rights going to The University of Texas and Texas A&M.

In 1881, Austin was chosen as the site of the main university, and Galveston was designated the location of the medical department. On the original "College Hill," an official ceremony began construction on what is now referred to as the old Main Building in late 1882. The university opened its doors on September 15, 1883.

The old Victorian-Gothic Main Building served as the central point of the campus's forty acre site, and was used for nearly all purposes. However, by the 1930s, discussions rose about the need for new library space, and the Main Building was razed in 1934 over the objections of many students and faculty. The modern-day tower and Main Building were constructed in its place.

Constitutional restrictions against funding building construction hampered expansion. However, the funds generated by oil discovered on university-owned grounds in 1923 were put towards its general endowment fund. This extra revenue allowed the university to pay down its debt, and pass bond in 1931 and 1947, funding the necessary expansion after the enrollment spike following World War II. The university built 19 permanent structures between 1950 and 1965, when it was given the right of eminent domain. With this power, the university purchased additional properties surrounding the original forty acres.

[edit] Campus

The Lyndon B. Johnson Library and Museum located on the UT Austin campus
The Lyndon B. Johnson Library and Museum located on the UT Austin campus

UT property totals 850 acres (3.4 km²), comprised of the 350 acres (1.4 km²) for the main campus and other land for the J.J. Pickle Research Campus in north Austin and the other properties throughout Texas.

The UT Tower (built in 1931) stands 307 ft. (94 m) tall
The UT Tower (built in 1931) stands 307 ft. (94 m) tall[13]

One of the university's most visible features is the Beaux-Arts Main Building, including a 307-foot (94 m) tower designed by Paul Philippe Cret.[14] Completed in 1937, the Main Building is located in the middle of campus. The tower usually appears illuminated in white light in the evening but is lit orange for various special occasions, including athletic victories and academic accomplishments; it is conversely darkened for solemn occasions.[15] At the top of the tower is a carillon of 56 bells, the largest in Texas. Songs are played on weekdays by resident carillonneur Tom Anderson, in addition to the usual pealing of Westminster Quarters every quarter hour between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m.[citation needed] The tower went through a few periods of being closed to the public (due to the 1966 Whitman Massacre[16] and multiple suicide jumps); however, in 1998, after the installation of security and safety measures, the observation deck reopened to the public indefinitely for weekend tours.[17]

The university is home to 7 museums and 17 libraries, which hold over eight million volumes.[18] The holdings of the university's Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center include one of only 21 remaining complete copies of the Gutenberg Bible and the first permanent photograph, View from the Window at Le Gras, taken by Nicéphore Niépce.[19] The newest museum, the Blanton Museum of Art, opened in April 2006 and hosts approximately 17,000 works from Europe, the United States, and Latin America.

UT has an extensive underground tunnel system that links many of the buildings.[20][unreliable source?] The tunnel system, purportedly used for communications and utility service, is closed to the public and is guarded by silent alarms. The university also operates a 1.1 megawatt nuclear reactor at the J.J. Pickle Research Campus, which has gone critical twice in its history: once at Taylor Hall in 1963 and again in 1992. [21] [21][22]

The university continues to expand its facilities on campus. In February 2006, the Board of Regents voted to update and expand the football stadium, and in March 2006 the student body passed a referendum to build a new Student Activities Center next to Gregory Gym on the east side of campus, pending final approval by the Board of Regents. According to The Daily Texan, the project is estimated to cost $51 million and is set to open between fall 2010 and fall 2012. Funding will primarily come from students, raising tuition by a maximum of $65 per semester.[23]

The university operates a public radio station, KUT, which provides local FM broadcasts as well as live streaming audio over the Internet. The university uses Capital Metro to provide bus transportation for students around the campus and throughout Austin.

[edit] Academic profile

[edit] Rankings

The McCombs School of Business is consistently ranked one of the top business schools in the country
The McCombs School of Business is consistently ranked one of the top business schools in the country

UT Austin consistently receives high rankings for several of its programs and overall. The 2008 U.S. News and World Report ranks Texas #44 in the nation and #12 among public universities,[24] while a 2007 The Washington Monthly report ranked UT Austin #19 in the nation.[25] Additionally, UT Austin was ranked as the #6 Top American Research University for 2007,[26] and a 2005 USA Today report ranked the university as "the number one source of new Fortune 1000 CEOs". In international rankings, Texas was ranked #4 in a Zhejiang University (China) 2005 report on the innovativeness of universities worldwide,[27] and #15 worldwide in a 2004 Times Higher Education Supplement (England) report.[28][29] Seven UT Austin doctoral programs ranked in the top 10 in the nation for 2008, with 22 departments also in the top 25.[30]

One of the most renowned schools at the university is the McCombs School of Business, which comprises national rankings of the #1 undergraduate and graduate accounting programs,[31] the #2 marketing program, [32] the #4 management research productivity,[33] the #10 undergraduate business program,[34] and the #18 (full-time) MBA program.[35] A 2005 Bloomberg survey also ranked the school #5 among all business schools and #1 among public business schools for the largest number of alumni who are S&P 500 CEOs.[36]

While UT Austin does not have a medical school, it houses medical programs associated with other campuses and allied health professional programs, which has contributed to the College of Pharmacy's #2 2008 national ranking by U.S. News and World Report.[37][38] Other programs highly ranked by U.S. News and World Report include the #10 College of Education,[39][40] the #11 Cockrell School of Engineering,[41] and the #16 School of Law.[42] Additionally, the university's library system—its main campus library the Perry-Castañeda Library—ranks #6 among academic libraries in the nation.[43]

Proctor's Mustangs (1948) overlooking the Engineering Sciences buildings
Proctor's Mustangs (1948) overlooking the Engineering Sciences buildings

[edit] Colleges and schools

View of downtown Austin from Main Mall south of the Main Building
View of downtown Austin from Main Mall south of the Main Building

The university contains sixteen colleges and academic units, each listed with its founding date:[44]

UT Austin offers more than 100 undergraduate and 170 graduate degrees. In the 2003-2004 academic year, the university awarded a total of 13,065 degrees: 68.6% bachelor's degrees, 21.7% master's degrees, 5.2% doctoral degrees, and 4.5% other professional degrees.[45] UT Austin also offers numerous undergraduate honors programs, such as Dean's Scholars,[46] Turing Scholars, Business Honors,[47] Plan II,[48] and Liberal Arts Honors.[49]

[edit] Admission

As a state public university, UT Austin is subject to Texas House Bill 588 (aka HB 588, the top ten percent law, or the percent plan), which guarantees graduating Texas high school seniors in the top 10% of their class admission to any public Texas university. For others who go through the traditional application process, selectivity at UT Austin is deemed "more selective" according to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.[50] In fall 2006, a total of 27,315 applications were received and 13,305 were admitted. In fall 2007, 27,232 applications and 13,781 students were admitted.[51]

[edit] Faculty and research

The 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope at The McDonald Observatory is the third largest telescope in the world
The 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope at The McDonald Observatory is the third largest telescope in the world

In Fall 2007, UT Austin employed 2,300 full-time faculty members, 51% who were tenured. The student-to-faculty ratio is 19.23.[52] The university's faculty includes winners of the Nobel Prize, the Pulitzer Prize, the National Medal of Science, the National Medal of Technology, and numerous other awards.

The university exceeds $446 million in annual research funding[53] and has earned more than 400 patents since its founding. (Licensing deals generate more than $5 million annually for the university.)[54]

[edit] Endowment

Main article: Permanent University Fund

The university receives income from an endowment known as the Permanent University Fund (PUF), with $11.6 billion (fourth-largest in the United States) in assets as of November 2005,[55] of which 30 percent is dedicated to the university.[56] Proceeds from lands appropriated in 1839 and 1876, as well as oil monies, comprise the majority of this fund. At one time, the PUF was the chief source of income for Texas's two university systems, The University of Texas System and the Texas A&M University System; today, however, its revenues account for less than 10 percent of the universities' annual budgets. This has challenged the universities to increase sponsored research and private donations. Privately funded endowments contribute over $2 billion to the University's total endowment value.

[edit] Student life

The university enrolls 37,377 undergraduate, 11,533 graduate and 1,467 law students. The student population includes students from all 50 states and more than 100 foreign countries, most notably, South Korea, followed by India, the People's Republic of China, Mexico and the Republic of China, are represented.[57] The average SAT score for entering Fall 2004 freshmen was a 1230 out of 1600.

[edit] Housing

The campus is currently home to fourteen residence halls, the last of which opened for residence in Spring 2007. On-campus housing can hold more than 7,100 students.[58] Jester Center is the largest residence hall with its capacity of 2,945.[59] Academic enrollment exceeds the capacity of on-campus housing; as a result, most students must live in private residence halls, housing cooperatives, apartments, or with Greek organizations and other off-campus residences. The Division of Housing and Food Service, which already has the largest market share of 7,000 of the estimated 27,000 beds in the campus area, plans to expand to 9,000 beds in the near future.[60]

[edit] Student organizations

The university recognizes more than 1,000 student organizations.[61] In addition, it supports three official student governance organizations that represent student interests to faculty, administrators, and the Texas Legislature. Student Government, established in 1902, is the oldest governance organization and represents student interests in general.[62] The Senate of College Councils represents students in academic affairs and coordinates the college councils,[63] and the Graduate Student Assembly represents graduate student interests.[64] The Texas Union Student Events Center serves as the hub for student activities on campus.[65]

[edit] Greek life

A student giving the Hook 'em Horns hand gesture at a Longhorn football game
A student giving the Hook 'em Horns hand gesture at a Longhorn football game
See also: List of fraternities and sororities at University of Texas at Austin

The University of Texas at Austin is home to an active Greek community. The first UT Greek chapter, the Kappa Alpha Order Omicron Chapter, opened in 1883; the same year as the university.[66] Over 11 percent of undergraduate students make up the nearly 4,500 members. With more then 50 national fraternity and sorority chapters, the university's Greek community is one of the largest in the nation. These chapters are under the authority of one of UT Austin's five Greek council communities, Interfraternity Council, National Pan-Hellenic Council, Texas Asian Pan-Hellenic Council, United Greek Council and University Panhellenic Council.[67] Other registered student organizations also name themselves with Greek letters and are called affiliates. They are not a part of one of the five councils but have all of the same privileges and responsibilities of any other organization.[66] According to the Office of the Dean of Students' mission statement, Greek Life promotes the principles of cultural appreciation, scholarship, leadership, and service.[68] While there are no fraternity and sorority houses located on-campus, the majority are located west of The Drag in the neighborhood called West Campus.

[edit] School spirit

[edit] Student media

Main article: Texas Student Media

Other student-run publications include:

[edit] Athletics

Main article: Texas Longhorns
The Tower in orange after the Longhorns won the 2005 National Championship in football at the Rose Bowl (Littlefield Fountain is in the foreground)
The Tower in orange after the Longhorns won the 2005 National Championship in football at the Rose Bowl (Littlefield Fountain is in the foreground)

The University of Texas offers a wide variety of varsity and intramural sports programs. Due to the breadth of sports offered and the quality of the programs, Texas was selected as "America's Best Sports College" in a 2002 analysis performed by Sports Illustrated.[72] Texas was also listed as the number one Collegiate Licensing Company client for the second consecutive year in regards to the amount of annual trademark royalties received from the sales of its fan merchandise. However this ranking is based only on clients of the Collegiate Licensing Company which does not handle licensing for approximately three dozen large schools such as Ohio State, Southern California, UCLA, Michigan State, and Texas A&M.[73][74]

[edit] Varsity sports

The university's men's and women's athletics teams are nicknamed the Longhorns. A charter member of the Southwest Conference until its dissolution in 1996, Texas now competes in the Big 12 Conference (South Division) of the NCAA's Division I-FBS. Texas has won 47 total national championships,[75] 39 of which are NCAA national championships.[76]

The University of Texas has traditionally been considered a college football powerhouse.[77][78][79] At the start of the 2007 season, the Longhorns were ranked third in the all-time list of both total wins and winning percentage.[80] The team experienced its greatest success under coach Darrell Royal, winning three national championships in 1963, 1969, 1970, and winning a fourth title under head coach Mack Brown in 2005 after the 41-38 victory over previously undefeated Southern California in the 2006 Rose Bowl.

In recent years, the men's basketball team has gained prominence, advancing to the NCAA Tournament Sweet Sixteen in 2002, the Final Four in 2003, the Sweet Sixteen in 2004, and the Elite Eight in 2006 and 2008.

The university's baseball team is considered one of the best in the nation with more trips to the College World Series than any other school, with wins in 1949, 1950, 1970, 1983, 2002 and 2005.

Additionally, the university's highly successful men's and women's swimming and diving teams lay claim to sixteen NCAA Division I titles.[citation needed] In particular, the men's team is under the leadership of Eddie Reese, who served as the head men's coach at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona, and the 2004 Games in Athens.

The 2006 football Lone Star Showdown
The 2006 football Lone Star Showdown

[edit] Rivalries

One of the university's notable rivals in many sports is Texas A&M University.[81] The two schools have acknowledged the importance of this rivalry by creating the State Farm Lone Star Showdown series, which encompasses all sports where both schools field a varsity team. The football game played between the two schools is the third longest-running rivalry in the nation and is the longest-running rivalry for both schools. The game used to be played on Thanksgiving day but in recent years has been played on the day following Thanksgiving. Both schools traditionally hold a rally each year before the football game — Texas hosts the Hex Rally, and students at Texas A&M host the Aggie Bonfire (although it is no longer an officially sanctioned Texas A&M event because of the deaths of 12 students in 1999).

Some fans and observers, however, argue that the Longhorns' biggest rival in football is the University of Oklahoma.[82] The football game between Texas and Oklahoma is known as the Red River Shootout and is held annually in Dallas, Texas, at the Cotton Bowl. In recent years, this rivalry has been particularly spirited, in part due to the fact that at least one school had been ranked in the top five nationally at the time of the game (from 2000-05).

Other schools, such as Arkansas and Texas Tech, also consider Texas among their rivals.[83][84][85]

[edit] Facilities

Major sporting facilities and their main use include:

In addition, the university has numerous practice, training, and intramural facilities.

[edit] Notable people

Main article: List of University of Texas at Austin people

The university has a base of more than 450,000 living alumni[86] and has produced leaders of science, art, media, business, law, engineering, and public policy, as well as athletics. A few household-name alumni include the following:

Michael Dell
Lady Bird Johnson
Laura Bush
Vince Young
Jeb Bush

[edit] See also

Texas Portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

[edit] References

  1. ^ Latin rendering of Mirabeau B. Lamar quote
  2. ^ For the 2007 fiscal year, which for most universities ended 30 June 2007, Sources: National Association of College and University Business Officers; TIAA-CREF. Endowment listed represents U. of Texas system.
  3. ^ a b Enrollment & Essentials. The University of Texas at Austin Office of Public Affairs (2006-07-27). Retrieved on 2007-03-31.
  4. ^ Handbook of Texas Online - UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
  5. ^ a b The University of Texas Style Guidelines - signed by UT president Larry Faulkner. Accessed 27 February 2006.
  6. ^ The Top American Research Universities - 2007. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  7. ^ "Texas flagship universities celebrate milestone of Giant Magellan Telescope partnership", University of Texas, 2005-07-21. Retrieved on 2006-09-28. 
  8. ^ University of Texas. NNDB. Retrieved on 2006-09-28.
  9. ^ Austin, Liz. "Flagship university of Texas seeks to boost diversity", 2005-10-03. Retrieved on 2006-09-28. 
  10. ^ The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities (2001) by Howard and Matthew Greene
  11. ^ http://www.txhighereddata.org/Reports/DocFetch.cfm?DocID=1434&Format=XLS&Confirmed=1
  12. ^ Texas A&M University Handbook of Texas Online. Accessed 29 July 2006.
  13. ^ UT Austin Tower information guide
  14. ^ The Main Building The University of Texas. Accessed 1 December 2005.
  15. ^ University approves new policy for lighting UT Tower On Campus. Accessed 1 December 2005.
  16. ^ Rossi, Victoria (August 1, 2006). After decades of silence, UT acknowledged shootings. Daily Texan. Retrieved on 2006-08-01.
  17. ^ Tower Tours Schedule Fall 2005 The Texas Union. Accessed 1 December 2005.
  18. ^ Statistical Overview of the Library Collections The University of Texas Libraries. Accessed 1 December 2005.
  19. ^ The Gutenberg Bible at the Ransom Center Harry Ransom Center. Accessed 1 December 2005.
  20. ^ The Secret Tunnels Under UT Better Than Your Boyfriend.
  21. ^ a b >Nuclear Engineering Teaching Lab Nuclear and Radiation Engineering Program. Accessed 10 February 2006.
  22. ^ Collier, Bill. UT reactor draws safety questions. Austin American-Statesman. December 15, 1989.
  23. ^ Terrell, Abby. Student Activities Center referendum approved The Daily Texan March 2, 2006. Accessed March 2, 2006.
  24. ^ America's Best Colleges 2008 US News and World Report. Accessed August 19, 2007.
  25. ^ The Washington Monthly College National Rankings (PDF). The Washington Monthly (August 2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
  26. ^ The Top American Research Universities - 2007. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  27. ^ [http://www.utexas.edu/welcome/rankings.html Rankings & Kudos : About UT : The University of Texas at Austin; conducted by the Research Center for Innovation and Development of Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China
  28. ^ Britain wins eight places in world list of 50 best universities Accessed January 22, 2007
  29. ^ UT Austin wins 15th place in world list of 200 best universities Accessed May 8, 2007
  30. ^ "Rankings", The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. 
  31. ^ USNews.com: America's Best Colleges 2008: Accounting
  32. ^ International Reputation - About the McCombs School of Business - The University of Texas at Austin
  33. ^ Mays Business School :: Management Research Productivity Rankings
  34. ^ Business School Rankings and Profiles: EMBA, Executive Education, MBA, Part-time MBA, Distance MBA
  35. ^ Search - Business - Best Graduate Schools - Education - US News and World Report
  36. ^ The University of Texas at Austin ranks No. 1 as source of new Fortune 1000 CEOs | News from The University of Texas at Austin
  37. ^ "America's Best Graduate Schools 2007: Health: Pharmacy" (HTML), U.S. News & World Report, 2006-09-15. Retrieved on 2007-01-06. (English) 
  38. ^ College of Pharmacy : UT Austin
  39. ^ Search - Education - Best Graduate Schools - Education - US News and World Report
  40. ^ The College of Education - Home Page
  41. ^ America's Best Graduate Schools 2008: Top Engineering Schools US News and World Report. Accessed August 20, 2007.
  42. ^ Search - Law - Best Graduate Schools - Education - US News and World Report
  43. ^ Nation's Largest Libraries by Volumes Held LibrarySpot. Accessed December 23, 2005.
  44. ^ Colleges and Academic Units The University of Texas. Accessed 1 December 2005.
  45. ^ Statistical Handbook 2003-2004, General Analysis - Students The University of Texas Office of Institutional Research. Accessed 1 December 2005.
  46. ^ Dean's Scholars Honors Program: Welcome!
  47. ^ Business Honors Program - McCombs School of Business - The University of Texas at Austin
  48. ^ Plan II Honors Program
  49. ^ Liberal Arts Honors Program
  50. ^ Carnegie Foundation Classifications of The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved on 2007-10-23.
  51. ^ Information, Resources and Services for Prospective Students. Retrieved on 2007-10-23.
  52. ^ http://www.utexas.edu/academic/oir/statistical_handbook/07-08/pdf/0708facultystaff.pdf
  53. ^ http://www.utsystem.edu/news/fastfacts.html University of Texas System - Office of Public Affairs
  54. ^ Research : At a Glance : UT Facts
  55. ^ 2005 NACUBO Endowment Study. National Association of College and University Business Officers (2006). Retrieved on 2006-05-25.
  56. ^ As required by the Texas Constitution[1], the UT System gets two-thirds of the Available University Fund, the annual distribution of PUF income. A regental policy[2] requires that at least 45 percent of this money go to UT Austin for "program enrichment." By taking two-thirds and multiplying it by 45 percent, we get 30 percent which is the minimum amount of AUF income that can be distributed to UT Austin under current policies. The Regents, however, can and do decide to allocate additional amounts to UT Austin. Also, the majority of the UT System share of the AUF is used for debt service of UT System bonds, some of which were issued for the benefit of UT Austin[3]. One should note that the Regents are free to change the 45 percent minimum of the UT System share going to UT Austin at any time, although doing so might be difficult politically.
  57. ^ 2004-2005 Statistical Handbook, Degrees Conferred The University of Texas Office of Institutional Research. Accessed 1 December 2005.
  58. ^ Residence Hall Master Plan The University of Texas Division of Housing and Food. Accessed February 5, 2007.
  59. ^ Residence Halls at a Glance The University of Texas Division of Housing and Food. Accessed December 2, 2005.
  60. ^ "UT residences to expand", The Daily Texan, 3 August 2006. Retrieved on 2006-08-03. 
  61. ^ About Student Activities and Leadership Development The University of Texas Office of the Dean of Students. Accessed December 2, 2005.
  62. ^ UT Student Government. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  63. ^ Senate of College Councils. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  64. ^ Graduate Student Assembly. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  65. ^ Texas Union Student Events Center. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  66. ^ a b Sorority & Fraternity Information Guide 2007–2008 (PDF). The University of Texas Office of the Dean of Students. Retrieved on 2008-04-18.
  67. ^ The University of Texas Office of the Dean of Students. Greek communities. Retrieved on 2005-12-02.
  68. ^ The University of Texas Office of the Dean of Students. Greek Life and Intercultural Education. Retrieved on 2008-04-17.
  69. ^ Board of Regents Meeting Minutes - July 31, 1970 The University of Texas System. Accessed 27 February 2006.
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  71. ^ Student Publications. University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved on 2007-08-05.
  72. ^ America's Best Sports Colleges Sports Illustrated. October 7, 2002.
  73. ^ Maher, John. "Texas repeats as national champion in merchandising", The Austin American-Statesman, 2007-08-16. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. 
  74. ^ The Collegiate Licensing Company Rankings. Retrieved on 2007-08-17.
  75. ^ Texas Longhorns Championships History: National Champions TexasSports.com. March 20, 2007
  76. ^ Schools with the Most National Championships NCAA.org. Fall 2006
  77. ^ Pennington, Richard. Texas Longhorns Football History A to Z. Potomac Books. Retrieved on 2007-08-04. 
  78. ^ Fitt, Aaron. "It's not about Mack", DailyTarheel.com, The Daily Tarheel, September 14, 2002. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. 
  79. ^ "Texas is the BC$ champ, too - Even before their stunning upset of USC, the Longhorns were big winners where it matters.", CNNMoney, Turner Broadcasting, January 5, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-04-25. 
  80. ^ "Game notes - Arkansas State" (PDF), MackBrownTexasFootball.com, University of Texas & Host Interactive, September 1, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-09-16. 
  81. ^ Sports Illustrated's 50th Anniversary: Texas Sports Illustrated poll (conducted by Harris Interactive) shows 56% of respondents picked Texas vs Texas A&M as the biggest rivalry, followed by Texas vs Oklahoma at 15%, and the Cowboys vs Texans at 7%.
  82. ^ The Season Total Jibbly. November 22, 2005.
  83. ^ Texas Longhorns/Texas Tech Raiders Preview Saturday, October 28, 2006 Yahoo! Sports. October 28, 2006.
  84. ^ Halliburton, Suzanne. "Red River Rivalry - Texas 45, Oklahoma 12." Austin American-Statesman. October 9, 2005.
  85. ^ Berlin, Stephanie. Razorback country still has disdain for a Texas team focused on others The Daily Texan. September 10, 2004.
  86. ^ Enrollment & Essentials : At a Glance : UT Facts

[edit] External links


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