University of California, San Francisco
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| University of California, San Francisco | |
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| Motto: | Fiat lux (Latin) |
| Motto in English: | Let there be light |
| Established: | 1873 |
| Type: | Public |
| Endowment: | US $1.363 billion[1] |
| Chancellor: | J. Michael Bishop |
| Faculty: | 1,686 |
| Postgraduates: | 2,863 (Fall 2005) UC Office of the President |
| Location: | San Francisco, California |
| Campus: | Urban, 135 acres (0.6 km²), plus 43 acres at Mission Bay campus |
| Colors: | UCSF Teal |
| Affiliations: | University of California |
| Website: | www.ucsf.edu |
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The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) is one of the world's leading centers of health sciences research, patient care, and education. UCSF's medical, pharmacy, dental, nursing, and graduate schools are among the top health science professional schools in the world. The UCSF Medical Center is consistently ranked among the top 10 hospitals in the United States by U.S. News & World Report [1]. Some of UCSF's most renowned treatment centers include kidney and liver transplant, neurosurgery, neurology, oncology, ophthalmology, gene therapy, women's health, fetal surgery, pediatrics, and internal medicine. UCSF also has the nation's leading HIV/AIDS treatment and research centers. Collaborations with African Universities such as the University of Zimbabwe to deal with HIV have been established.
Founded in 1873, the mission of UCSF is to serve as a "public university dedicated to saving lives and improving health." Though one of the ten campuses of the University of California, it is unique for being the only University of California campus dedicated solely to graduate education, and this in health and biomedical sciences. UCSF has developed a reputation for unique interdisciplinary collaboration between the health science disciplines which has led to some of the most important discoveries in the biosciences. The graduate-focused environment of UCSF, its relatively small size, and its culture of collaboration allows for a flexibility to translate new discoveries into new treatments hard to find even at many of the world's other top medical centers.
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[edit] History
UCSF traces its history to Dr. Hugh H. Toland, a South Carolina surgeon who found great success and wealth after moving to San Francisco in 1852.[2] A previous school, the Cooper Medical College of the University of Pacific (founded 1858), entered a period of uncertainty in 1862 when its founder, Dr. Elias Samuel Cooper, passed away.[3] In 1864, Toland founded a new medical school, Toland Medical College, and the faculty of Cooper Medical College chose to suspend operations and join the new school.[3]
The University of California was founded in 1868, and by 1870 Toland Medical School began negotiating an affiliation with the new public university.[4] Meanwhile, some faculty of Toland Medical School elected to reopen the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific, which would later become Stanford University School of Medicine.[5] Negotiations between the Toland and the UC were complicated by Toland's demand that the medical school continue to bear his name, which he finally conceded.[4] In March 1873, the trustees of Toland Medical College deeded it to the Regents of the University of California, and it became "The Medical Department of the University of California."[4] On September 15, 1874, the school opened its doors to female students.
[edit] Campus
UCSF operates four major campus sites within the city of San Francisco, as well as numerous other minor sites scattered through San Francisco and the Bay Area.
[edit] Parnassus
Parnassus serves as the main campus and includes the 600 bed UCSF Medical Center, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, the School of Dentistry, the Children's Hospital, and research labs. UCSF's Beckman Vision Center is also located at the Parnassus campus. It is a center for the diagnosis, treatment and research of all areas of eye care, including vision correction surgery.
[edit] Mission Bay
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UCSF's Mission Bay Campus is the largest ongoing biomedical construction project in the world.[6] The 43-acre Mission Bay campus, opened in 2003 with construction still ongoing, contains additional research space and facilities to foster biotechnology and life sciences companies. It will double the size of UCSF's research enterprise over the next 10 years. The biotechnology company Genentech contributed $50 million toward construction of a building as part of a settlement regarding alleged theft of UCSF technology several decades earlier.[citation needed] Also located on the Mission Bay campus, the Arthur and Toni Rembe Rock Hall was designed by César Pelli and opened in February 2004. The building is named in honor of Arthur Rock and his wife, who made a $25 million gift to the university.[7] Byers Hall serves as the headquarters for the California Institute for Biomedical Research (QB3), a cooperative effort between the UC campuses at San Francisco, Berkeley, and Santa Cruz. The building is named after venture capitalist Brook Byers, co-chair of UCSF's capital campaign that concluded in 2005 and raised over $1.6 billion.[8] Additionally, the William J. Rutter Center, designed along with the adjacent 600-space parking structure by Ricardo Legorreta, opened in October 2005 and contains a fitness and recreation center, swimming pools, student services, and conference facilities. The building is named in honor of William J. Rutter, former chairman of the university's Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics and co-founder of Chiron Corporation.[9] Finally, a housing complex for 750 students and postdoctoral fellows and an 800-space parking garage also opened in late 2005. A fourth research building, designed by Rafael Viñoly and named the Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building, is currently under construction and expected to open in fall 2008.[10] Two additional research buildings designated for neuroscience and cardiovascular research are currently in the planning and design phase.[11] UCSF is also in the early stages of planning for a new specialty hospital focused on women, children, and cancer to be built at the Mission Bay campus and scheduled to open by the end of 2014.[12]
[edit] Other
The Mount Zion campus contains UCSF's Comprehensive Cancer Center, Women's Health Center, and outpatient resources. The San Francisco General Hospital campus cares for the indigent population of San Francisco and contains San Francisco's only Level I trauma center.[citation needed] The hospital itself is owned and operated by the city of San Francisco, but many of its doctors carry UCSF affiliation and maintain research laboratories at the hospital campus. The earliest cases of HIV/AIDS were discovered at SF General Hospital in the 1980s.[citation needed] To this day SF General Hospital has the world's leading HIV/AIDS treatment and research center.[citation needed]
UCSF is also affiliated with the San Francisco VA Hospital and the J. David Gladstone Institutes, a private biomedical research entity that has recently moved to a new building adjacent to UCSF's Mission Bay campus. The headquarters of the new California Institute for Regenerative Medicine are also located nearby in the Mission Bay neighborhood.
[edit] Academics
University of California, San Francisco is unique in that it performs only biomedical and patient-centered research in its Schools of Medicine, Pharmacy, Nursing, and Dentistry, and the Graduate Division, and their hundreds of associated laboratories. The university is known for innovation in medical research, public service, and patient care. UCSF's faculty includes three Nobel Prize winners, 31 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 69 members of the Institute of Medicine, and 30 members of the Academy of Arts and Sciences. UCSF confers a number of degrees, including Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Pharmacy, Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Dental Surgery, and Doctor of Physical Therapy in a variety of fields.
[edit] Rankings
In 1995, the National Research Council ranked UCSF in the top ten for biochemistry and molecular biology (1st), genetics (2nd), cell and developmental biology (3rd), neurosciences (4th), physiology (5th), and biomedical engineering (7th).
Overall, the campus is fourth[13] in the nation in annual NIH funding with $452.2 million received in 2005.
The well-regarded Academic Ranking of World Universities, published annually by Shanghai Jiaotong University, in 2008 ranks UCSF 3rd in the world for Life and Agricultural Sciences and 2nd in the world for Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy [14]. The professional schools of the University of California, San Francisco are among the top in the nation, according to current (2006) US News and World Report graduate school and other rankings. The schools also rank at or near the top in research funding from the National Institutes of Health. In addition, the UCSF Medical Center in 2007 was ranked by US News and World Report the 7th-best hospital in the nation[15], making it the highest-ranked medical center in northern California.
[edit] School of Medicine
In 2008, it ranked fifth overall among research-based medical schools by US News and World Report; the top in western United States. In rankings of medical schools for primary care, UCSF ranked 6th. It is one of only three medical schools that ranked top 10 in both research and primary care categories. In addition, the magazine ranked UCSF in the top 10 in seven of the eight medical school specialty programs assessed, including first in AIDS medical care, second in women's health, and second in internal medicine. The UCSF drug and alcohol abuse specialty ranks fifth nationally in the 2006 survey, while family medicine ranks 10th, pediatrics ninth, and geriatrics ninth.[16]
In 2005, the School of Medicine was the third largest recipient of National Institutes of Health research funds among all US medical schools, receiving awards totaling $398.2 million.
[edit] Biological Sciences, PhD Programs
US News and World Report in 2006, the last time it surveyed doctoral programs in the biological sciences, ranked UCSF ninth best overall. In that survey, UCSF ranked second in cell biology, third in molecular biology, fifth in biochemistry/biophysics/structural biology, genetics/genomics/bioinformatics, and immunology/infectious disease, and sixth in neuroscience.[17]
[edit] School of Nursing
In 2003, US News and World Report ranked the UCSF graduate programs in nursing as second in the nation. UCSF ranked in the top 10 in seven of the rated eight nursing specialties, including first for its family nurse practitioner program and second for training adult/medical-surgical nurses. The adult nurse practitioner and psychiatric/mental health programs ranked third nationally, pediatric nurse practitioner fourth, gerontological/geriatric fifth, and community/public health ninth.[18]
The School of Nursing in 2005 ranked first nationally in total NIH research funds with $12.5 million.
[edit] School of Pharmacy
The UCSF School of Pharmacy ranked as the top in the US, according to a 2002 survey published in The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, which weighed key criteria, including funding for research and the frequency of scientific publications by faculty, that are not considered in other rankings.
In 2005, US News and World Report ranked the UCSF School of Pharmacy number one in its "America's Best Graduate Schools" edition.
In 2005, the School of Pharmacy ranked first in NIH research funding among all US pharmacy schools, receiving awards totaling $22.2 million.
[edit] School of Dentistry
The School of Dentistry in 2005 ranked first among all dental schools in NIH research funding. It received awards totaling $18.8 million from the NIH.
[edit] UCSF Medical Center
In 2007, US News and World Report named the UCSF Medical Center the 7th-best hospital in the nation, making it the highest-ranked medical center in Northern California. Among pediatric care centers, UCSF Children's Hospital ranked no. 16 — among the highest-rated children's medical service in California.
In the magazine's "America's Best Hospitals" survey, the UCSF Medical Center ranked best in Northern California — as well as among the best in the nation — in the following specialties: endocrinology, neurology/neurosurgery; gynecology; cancer; kidney disease; ophthalmology; respiratory disorders; rheumatology; urology; digestive disorders; ear, nose, and throat; psychiatry; heart and heart surgery; and pediatrics.[19]
In San Francisco Magazine's 2003 survey of the "Best Doctors" in the Bay Area, 55 percent of those honored were UCSF faculty.
[edit] Distinctions
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- First to discover that normal cellular genes can be converted to cancer genes (Nobel Prize in Medicine, J. Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus, 1989)
- First to discover (together with Stanford) the techniques of recombinant DNA, the seminal step in the creation of the biotechnology industry
- First to discover the precise recombinant DNA techniques that led to the creation of a hepatitis B vaccine
- First to perform a successful in-utero fetal surgery (Michael R. Harrison)
- First to clone an insulin gene into bacteria, leading to the mass production of recombinant human insulin to treat diabetes
- First to synthesize human growth hormone and clone into bacteria, setting the stage for genetically engineered human growth hormone
- First to develop prenatal tests for sickle cell anemia and thalassemia
- First to train pharmacists as drug therapy specialists
- First to establish special care units for AIDS patients and among the first to identify HIV as the causative agent of the disease
- First to discover and name prions (PREE-ons), an infectious agent that is responsible for a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (Nobel Prize in Medicine, Stanley Prusiner, 1997)
- First to develop catheter ablation therapy for tachycardia, which cures "racing" hearts without surgery
- First university west of the Mississippi to offer a doctoral degree in nursing
- First to discover that missing pulmonary surfactants are the culprit in the death of newborns with respiratory distress syndrome; first to develop a synthetic substitute for it, reducing infant death rates significantly
- With a work force of 18,600 people and annual economic impact of $2 billion, UCSF is San Francisco's second largest employer
[edit] Noted alumni/faculty
- Andy Baldwin - bachelor for the tenth season of The Bachelor
- J. Michael Bishop - UCSF Chancellor. Nobel laureate in Medicine (1989), worked to discover the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes
- Elizabeth Blackburn, discoverer of the ribonucleoprotein enzyme, telomerase. Appointed a member of the President's Council on Bioethics in 2001 and fired in February 2004, reportedly for her public disagreements and political differences with Council chair Leon Kass and the Bush Administration, particularly on the issue of therapeutic cloning.
- Richard Carmona - former Surgeon General of the United States
- John Clements, first to isolate surfactant and to develop it artificially
- Haile T. Debas, former UCSF Chancellor; former Dean, School of Medicine; founding Executive Director, Department of Global Health Sciences
- Richard Feachem, founding Executive Director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (2002-2007)
- Julie Gerberding - Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Stanton Glantz, regarded as the Ralph Nader of the anti-big-tobacco movement
- David Kessler - former dean of the UCSF School of Medicine and Yale University School of Medicine, and former Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration in the Clinton Administration
- Peter Kollman - developer of the AMBER force field in molecular dynamics simulation
- Arthur Lander, M.D. Ph.D.., Developmental biologist at University of California, Irvine
- Jay Levy, who, along with Robert Gallo at the National Cancer Institute and Luc Montagnier at the Pasteur Institute, was among the first to identify and isolate HIV as the causative agent in AIDS
- Rita Ng - Miss California 2000, 2nd runner up
- Thomas Novotny, former Assistant Surgeon General
- Dean Ornish, who first established that coronary artery disease could be reversed with lifestyle changes alone
- Stanley Prusiner - Nobel laureate in Medicine (1997), discovered and described prions
- Steve Schroeder - Former CEO, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Harold Varmus - Nobel laureate in Medicine (1989), worked to discover the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes. Also served as Director of the NIH in the Clinton Administration, and currently as president of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
- Paul Volberding, whose pioneering work in the early days of the AIDS pandemic was noted in Randy Shilts' book And the Band Played On
- Michael R. Harrison - developed the initial techniques for fetal surgery and performed the first fetal surgery in 1981, and then went on to establish the UCSF Fetal Treatment Center, which was the first of its kind in the United States.
[edit] References
- ^ UC Annual Endowment Report, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2007. Office of the Treasurer of the Regents of the University of California (2008). Retrieved on 2008-03-28.
- ^ Hugh Huger Toland (1806-1880), UCSF, Accessed June 11, 2007.
- ^ a b A History of UCSF's School of Medicine: San Francisco's First Medical Schools, UCSF, Accessed June 11, 2007.
- ^ a b c A History of UCSF's School of Medicine: University Affiliation, UCSF, Accessed June 11, 2007.
- ^ Chronology of the Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Accessed June 11, 2007.
- ^ New UCSF Mission Bay campus: country's largest biomedical university expansion
- ^ $25 Million Gift Creates Professorship for UCSF Chancellor, Furthers Construction of Mission Bay Campus
- ^ QB3's Inaugural Event Features Announcement of Major Partnerships with Industry
- ^ Tansey, Bernadette. "UCSF to name building after biotech pioneer Bill Rutter", San Francisco Chronicle, November 29, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-29.
- ^ Support for Mission Bay: Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Research Building
- ^ Rauber, Chris. "Invention, born of necessity", San Francisco Business Times, October 12, 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-11.
- ^ UCSF Medical Center at Mission Bay
- ^ UCSF one of top universities in 2005 NIH research funding
- ^ Academic Ranking of World Universities by Broad Subject Fields - 2008
- ^ "America's Best Hospitals 2007", U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved on 2007-10-16.
- ^ US News medical school rankings
- ^ US News rankings
- ^ US News nursing school rankings
- ^ US News and World Report rankings of best hospitals
[edit] External links
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