United States Army Foreign Science and Technology Center
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The United States Army Foreign Science and Technology Center (FSTC) was an intelligence production agency located, for much of its existence, in Charlottesville, Virginia. FSTC produced technical intelligence concerning ground forces weapons and equipment of enemies and potential enemies of the United States. FSTC provided technical intelligence in support of military commanders, materiel developers, and of Department of the Army, Department of Defense, and National-level decisionmakers.
FSTC was established on 1 August 1962. It was created using personnel and resources belonging to Army Technical Services intelligence agencies:
- The Chemical Corps Intelligence Agency
- The Ordnance Technical Intelligence Agency
- The Quartermaster Intelligence Agency
- The Signal Intelligence Agency
- The Transportation Intelligence Agency
as well as intelligence resources from the Army Corps of Engineers and the Technical Intelligence Field Agency. (Sec. X., Department of the Army General Order 46, 25 July 1962)
At the same time, some of the intelligence resources from the former Army Technical Services intelligence agencies were used to create the US Army Area Analysis Intelligence Agency (AAIA). A short time later the AAIA was absorbed by the new Defense Intelligence Agency. (Sec. I, Department of the Army General Order 12, 19 March 1962)
The predecessor agencies had grown out of the intelligence staffs created in the offices of the Chiefs of the Army Technical Services shortly before World War II. FSTC was created to consolidate Army technical intelligence activities when McNamara reorganizations in the early 1960s restructured Army procurement and supply activities and eliminated several of the Army Technical Services. (Department of the Army General Order 47, DA, 26 July 1962) FSTC was made subordinate to the US Army Materiel Command which was created as the main procurement agency of the Army in place of the Army Technical Services. "The McNamara Revolution" is described in detail in From Root To McNamara by James E. Hewes, Jr. (Washington: Center of Military History, 1975. Chapters VIII, IX, and X, Pages 296-365).
The new Center found a home in the Munitions Building on the Mall in Washington, DC. When President Nixon ordered that the Munitions Building be demolished in 1970, FSTC relocated, after a brief sojourn, to a federal building in downtown Charlottesville, Virginia.
On 1 July 1984, command of FSTC was transferred to the US Army Intelligence Agency, a field operating agency operating under the Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Army General Staff. (Department of the Army General Order 18, 15 June 1984)
On 12 October 1991 the US Army Intelligence Agency was reassigned to the US Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM). (INSCOM Permanent Order 79-1, 20 Sep 1991)
On 10 April 1992, FSTC was reassigned from AAIA to INSCOM. (INSCOM Permanent Order 41-2, 9 April 1992)
On 8 July 1994, FSTC and the US Army Intelligence and Threat Analysis Center were merged. The new organization, named the National Ground Intelligence Center, with its headquarters in Charlottesville, VA, was created as a "provisional" organization. (INSCOM Permanent Order 41-1, 3 June 1994) On 1 October 1995, the National Ground Intelligence Center was confirmed as an official, permanent Army organization. (INSCOM Permanent Order 234-1, 22 August 1995)
Data concerning the size of FSTC throughout its existence is not available. However, some information is available. A count of the entries in the October 1963 telephone directory showed 348 persons working at FSTC and its "field activities." In January 1967, the total workforce included 401 persons (63 officers, 2 warrant officers, 3 enlisted men, and 333 civilian workers). (Table of Distribution and Allowance M1-WOKPAA-00, 15 January 1967) By October 1984, the workforce had grown to 529 (35 officers, 8 enlisted men, and 486 civilians) (Table of Distribution and Allowance XKWOKPAA, X10185, 2 October 1984)
