United States Ambassador to Armenia
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Upon the breakup of the Soviet Union, Armenia declared its independence on August 23, 1991, having previously been the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the constituent republics of the USSR since 1936, and part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic since 1920.
The United States recognized Armenia on December 26, 1991. The embassy at Yerevan was opened February 3, 1992, with Steven Mann as Chargé d’Affaires ad interim.
The U.S. ambassadorial post in Armenia has been vacant since May 24, 2006, when the then-current ambassador, John Marshall Evans was recalled by the Bush administration, purportedly over remarks by Evans concerning the Armenian genocide.[1] On May 23, 2006, and again on January 9, 2007, President Bush nominated Richard E. Hoagland to be the new ambassador to Armenia, but the nomination has been stalled in Senate in a dispute between the Bush administration and Congress over the Armenian genocide issue.[2][3] As of 2007, the current head of the embassy is Rudolf V. Perina, the chargé d’affaires ad interim.[4]
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[edit] Ambassadors
Diplomatic Terms
Career FSO: After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSO) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time.
Political appointee: A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president; often to reward political friends.
Appointed: The date that the ambassador took the oath of office—also called “commissioning.” This follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a congressional-recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador must be later confirmed by the Senate.
Presented Credentials: The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador’s arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador’s letter, but this occurs only rarely.
Terminated mission: Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador’s commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy.
Chargé d’affaires: The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country. See chargé d’affaires.
ad interim: For the time being; in the meantime. See ad interim.
- Harry J. Gilmore[5] – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: May 12, 1993
- Presented credentials: May 31, 1993
- Terminated mission: Left post, July 11, 1995
- Peter Tomsen – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: June 27, 1995
- Presented credentials: September 6, 1995
- Terminated mission: Left post September 6, 1998
- Michael Craig Lemmon – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: June 29, 1998
- Presented credentials: September 21, 1998
- Terminated mission: Left post October 1, 2001
- John Malcolm Ordway – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: November 5, 2001
- Presented credentials: November 23, 2001
- Terminated mission: Left post July 31, 2004
- John Marshall Evans – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: June 30, 2004
- Presented credentials: September 4, 2004
- Terminated mission: Left post, September 10, 2006
[edit] Notes
- ^ Emil Danielyan (May 24, 2006). U.S. Envoy to Armenia Recalled. ArmeniaLiberty.org. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ^ Yvonne Abraham, Globe Staff (August 30, 2006). Armenians try to stall appointment of US envoy. The Boston Globe. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ^ Genocide Issue Blocks Naming Of U.S. Ambassador To Armenia. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (September 13, 2006). Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ^ United States Embassy in Yerevan. Embassy Leadership. United States Department of State: U.S. Embassy in Yerevan. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
- ^ Gilmore was nominated for the second time by President Clinton on April 2, 1993. An earlier nomination of August 10, 1992 was not acted upon by the Senate.
[edit] External links
- United States Dep’t of State: Ambassadors to Armenia
- United States Dep’t of State: Background Notes on Armenia
- United States Dep’t of State: U.S. Embassy Yerevan
- This article contains material from the US Department of State's Background Notes which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.
