Ultra-low volume
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The term Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) (spraying) is used in the context of pesticide application.
Ultra-low volume application of pesticides has been defined as spraying at a Volume Application Rate (VAR) of les than 5 L/ha for field crops or les than 50 L/ha for tree/bush crops[1]. VARs of 0.25 - 2 l/ha are typical for aerial ULV application to forest or migratory pests.
ULV spraying is a well-established spraying technique[2] and remains the standard method of locust control with pesticides and is also widely used by cotton farmers in central-southern and western Africa. It has also been used in massive aerial spraying campaigns against disease vectors such as the tse-tse fly.
A major benefit of ULV application is high work rate (i.e. hectares that can be treated in a day), and it provides the best technical solution all (or some) of these conditions apply:
- large area of land to treat,
- rapid response required,
- little or no water for making pesticide tank mixtures,
- logistical problems for supplies,
- difficult terrain: poor access to target site.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Matthews, G.A. (2000) Pesticide Application Methods 3rd Edition. Blackwell Science, Oxford. 432 pages.
- ^ Maas, W. (1971) ULV Application and Formulation Techniques. NV Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken, Eindhoven, NL. 165 pages.
