Type 97 torpedo

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Type 97 Special torpedo, run aground at Garden Island, Sydney
Type 97 Special torpedo, run aground at Garden Island, Sydney

The Type 97 was a 17.7 inch (45.0 cm) diameter torpedo of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Intended for use with Japan's Ko-hyoteki class midget submarines, the torpedo was based on the Type 93 Long Lance used by larger Japanese submarines, but redesigned to meet the smaller physical dimensions of the midgets' two torpedo tubes.

It was not a great success. Its first operational use was in the attack on Pearl Harbor, after which it was modified as the Type 97 Special, sometimes known as the Type 98. It had a 772 lb (347 kg) warhead and a range of 3.4 miles (5.5 km) at 44 knots (82 km/h).

[edit] Type 97 Special

Four Type 97 Special torpedoes were fired during the Japanese midget submarine raid on Sydney Harbour in the early hours of June 1, 1942. Two were fired by the midget M-24 and aimed at the American heavy cruiser USS Chicago, then tied to the No 2 buoy at Garden Island in Sydney Harbour.[1] Both missed. One struck the harbour wall beneath the depot ship HMAS Kuttabul, sinking the converted ferry and killing 19 Australian and 2 British sailors aboard.[2] The second failed to arm, and ran harmlessly aground at Garden Island.[3]

The remaining two were fired in Sydney Harbour by the midget M-21. The timing of their firing and their target, if any, are unknown. M-21 had been rammed and depth charged by the A/S HMAS Yandra at the entrance to Sydney Harbour around 2300 on May 31, but managed to recover sufficiently to enter the harbour at 0301 on June 1. M-21 was eventually cornered and sunk at 0515 on June 1 in Taylors Bay inside Sydney Harbour. When the wreck was raised on June 4, both torpedoes had been fired. However the bow caps covering the torpedo tubes failed to drop clear, instead remaining caught in the buckled bow cage of the submarine. The No 1 torpedo travelled approximately three feet clear of the tube before jamming. The No 2 torpedo travelled 18 inches before it too jammed.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Grose, Peter (2007). A Very Rude Awakening, pgs 123, 139
  2. ^ Elbourne, LEUT Sean (2006). Wonderful Kuttabul
  3. ^ Grose, Peter (2007). A Very Rude Awakening, p 143

[edit] Bibliography

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