Tuanku Abdul Rahman
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| Tuanku Abdul Rahman | |
| Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan | |
 Duli Yang Maha Mulia Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad |
|
| Reign | 3 August 1933 - 1 April 1960 |
|---|---|
| Coronation | 3 August 1933 |
| Born | 24 August 1895 |
| Birthplace | Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan |
| Died | 1 April 1960 (age 64) |
| Place of death | Istana Negara, Kuala Lumpur |
| Predecessor | Tuanku Muhammad |
| Successor | Tuanku Munawir |
| Consort | Dulcie Campbell or Cik Maimunah (divorced) Tunku Maharun binti Tunku Mambang (divorced) Tunku Kurshiah binti Tunku Besar Burhanuddin Tunku Zaidah binti Tunku Zakaria Tunku Maharun binti Tunku Mambang (divorced) |
| Issue | Tuanku Munawir Tuanku Aidah Tuanku Jaafar |
| Father | Tuanku Muhammad ibni Almarhum Tuanku Antah |
| Mother | Tunku Puan Chik |
In full, HRH Colonel Paduka Sri Sir Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad, GCMG (August 24, 1895 - April 1, 1960) was the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong (roughly equivalent to King) of the Federation of Malaya, eighth Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Seri Menanti and second Yang di-Pertuan Besar of modern Negeri Sembilan.
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[edit] Early career
Born Tunku Abdul Rahman at Seri Menanti, he was the second son of Tuanku Muhammad ibni Almarhum Tuanku Antah, first Yang di-Pertuan Besar of modern Negeri Sembilan and seventh Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Seri Menanti (1888-1933) by his consort Tunku Puan Chik.
He received his primary education at the Jempol Malay School, going on to the Malay College between 1907 and 1914. He worked at the Federal Secretariat in Kuala Lumpur for a period of one year before being appointed Assistant Collector of Land Revenue in Seremban. He served in the Malayan Volunteer Infantry as a Second Lieutenant, to be promoted Lieutenant in 1918.[1]
On the death of his elder brother, Tunku Abdul Aziz, in 1917, he was groomed as heir to the throne and received the title of Tunku Laksamana.
Tuanku Abdul Rahman was later appointed as Assistant Malay Officer in Klang before being transferred to Sepang. He was then assigned to work in Ulu Selangor as Assistant Collector of Land Revenue. As a result of his perseverance and diligence, he was promoted to Assistant District Officer. The turning point of his career was in 1925, when he served for a short period in the Kuala Lumpur Supreme Court.
In 1925, he accompanied his father, who was then the ruler of Negeri Sembilan, on a trip to the United Kingdom for the British Empire Exhibition in Wembley and to visit His Majesty King George V. During the journey to the United Kingdom, he decided that he wanted to study law. With the approval of his father Tuanku Muhammad, Tuanku Abdul Rahman stayed in the United Kingdom until he completed his studies and received a degree in law.
He stayed on to qualify as a barrister from Inner Temple. Three years later, he was admitted to the bar. In London, he was elected first President of the Kesatuan Melayu United Kingdom, one of the earliest Malay nationalist groups.
Upon returning to Malaya in December 1928, he served in the Malayan Civil Service in various parts of the country. [2] For the first few years, he worked hard until he became a Magistrate. Subsequently, he was appointed District Officer.
[edit] Election as Ruler of Negeri Sembilan
On the death of his father, HRH Tuanku Muhammad, on August 3, 1933, Tunku Abdul Rahman was elected Yang di-Pertuan Besar by the four Undang or Ruling Chieftains of Negeri Sembilan. His accession was witnessed by brother ruler Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah of Selangor.
At that time, he was already an advocate, hence making him the only Malay ruler with an advocate and solicitor’s qualifications.
Tuanku Abdul Rahman (as he became) admitted to British interrogators that he had made speeches in favour of the Japanese during the latter's military occupation of Malaya (1942-1945) but this had been done under duress and that the Japanese forcibly removed certain of his royal privileges. [3]
Although he subsequently signed the Malayan Union treaty, he repudiated it later and upon the suggestion of Sultan Badlishah of Kedah, engaged a London-based lawyer to represent the case of the Malay rulers against the Malayan Union plan of Clement Attlee's government. [4]
[edit] Election as King
Tuanku Abdul Rahman was elected first Yang di-Pertuan Agong or Paramount Ruler of independent Malaya on August 3, 1957 for a five year term by eight votes to one, defeating the more senior Sultan Abu Bakar of Pahang. [5]
He had been the ruler of Negeri Sembilan for 24 years before being elected as the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
[edit] Installation
Tuanku Abdul Rahman was installed as the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong of independent Malaya on September 13, 1957 at the throne room of the Istana Negara.
As Malay rulers do not traditionally possess crowns, he was installed by kissing the royal kris of state (keris kerajaan) to the beat of the nobat, a tradition which has been followed by every Yang di-Pertuan Agong since.
In honour of Tuanku Abdul Rahman, all subsequent Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia have also used the headdress Dendam Tak Sudah, the fashion employed in Negeri Sembilan.[6]
[edit] Death and funeral
Tuanku Abdul Rahman died in his sleep at Istana Negara in Kuala Lumpur in the early morning of April 1, 1960. The lying in state was held at the Banquet Hall of the Istana Negara. On April 2, 1960, a state funeral procession was held in Kuala Lumpur, whereupon the teak coffin of His Late Majesty was then taken by train to Seremban and later by hearse to the Istana Besar, Seri Menanti. He was buried at the Royal Mausoleum in Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan on April 5, 1960. [7]
[edit] Belief in democracy
Tuanku Abdul Rahman believed strongly in parliamentary democracy and one of his most memorable quotes was to a foreign dignitary from the Middle East who in 1959 complained about Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj's "high handed" manner and wanted the King to sack him. To this, His Late Majesty replied: "Alas I can't sack him; he is elected by the people, and as Prime Minister of the country he can sack me!"[8]
[edit] Family life
Tuanku Abdul Rahman married four times. His marriages were:
- in 1919 to Dulcie Campbell, a Eurasian nurse who embraced Islam as Cik Maimunah (divorced)
- in 1920 to Tunku Maharun binti Tunku Mambang, a member of the Negeri Sembilan royal family (divorced)
- in 1929 to Tunku Kurshiah binti Tunku Besar Burhanuddin, a cousin, who became first Raja Permaisuri Agong or Queen of Malaya [9]
- in 1948 to Tunku Zaidah binti Tunku Zakaria (1922-present), another cousin [10]
Tuanku Abdul Rahman has three sons and five daughters. His first wife, HRH Tuanku Maharum gave birth to a boy, HRH Tuanku Munawir, the ninth ruler of Negeri Sembilan. Cik Engku Maimunah gave birth to two boys and two girls. The eldest is HRH Tuanku Aidah. HRH Tuanku Jaafar is his second son.
Two of his children succeeded him as Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan:
- Tuanku Munawir (son of Tunku Maharun), who reigned 1960-1967
- Tuanku Jaafar (son of Dulcie Campbell), who succeeded his brother in 1967 and still reigns
[edit] Hobbies and Interests
Tuanku Abdul Rahman had a keen interest in sports such as cricket, football and tennis. However, his favourite sport was boxing. In fact, when he was young, he loved wearing boxing gloves to box with his sons.
[edit] Honours
King George V Silver Jubilee Medal-1935
King George VI Coronation Medal-1937
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal-1953
DK of Brunei-1959
[edit] Trivia
- His face has adorned all Ringgit Malaysia banknotes since its introduction in 1967 as well as several commemorative coins and stamps. His headdress, but not his face, is depicted on the reverse of the electronic Malaysian identity cards (MyKad).
- His name commemorates one of the streets of Kuala Lumpur's business district nearby Dataran Merdeka, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman (formerly Batu Road).
- Sekolah Tuanku Abdul Rahman in Ipoh is also named after him.
- The Singapore actor, Richard Loh, who starred in the comedy drama, I Not Stupid, bears a striking resemblance to him.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Abdul Samad Idris (1961) Takhta Kerajaan Negeri Sembilan Utusan Printcorp Sdn Bhd
- ^ ibid
- ^ Stockwell, A.J. (1995) Malaya: Part I The Malayan Union Experiment 1942-1948 HMSO
- ^ Ismail Haji Saleh (1989) The Sultan Was Not Alone State Museum, Kedah Darul Aman
- ^ (August 4, 1957) Sunday Times, Singapore
- ^ Fish, William ed. (1959) The Straits Times Annual
- ^ Mubin Sheppard (1960) The Death and Funeral of His Late Majesty Tuanku Abdul Rahman Malaya in History Vol 6 No. 1 Malayan Historical Society, Kuala Lumpur
- ^ Tunku Abdul Rahman (1977) Looking Back p205 Pustaka Antara
- ^ Finestone, Jeffrey and Shahril Talib (1994) The Royal Families of South East Asia pp198-199 Shahindera Sdn Bhd
- ^ Mubin Sheppard op cit
[edit] External links
- Malaysia National Library's Tuanku Abdul Rahman biography.
- Council of Rulers' Tuanku Abdul Rahman biography (in Malay).
- Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Malaysian Monarchy)
| Preceded by — |
Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) |
Succeeded by Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah (Sultan of Selangor) |
| Preceded by Tuanku Muhammad |
Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan | Succeeded by Tuanku Munawir |
