Trpanj
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Trpanj | |
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  Trpanj
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country | Croatia |
| County | Dubrovnik-Neretva county |
| Government | |
| - Mayor | |
| Population (2001) | |
| - Total | 871 |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
| Postal code | 20 240 |
| Area code(s) | 020 |
| Licence plate | DU |
| Website: trpanj.hr | |
Trpanj also Trappano is a town and municipality of Dubrovnik-Neretva County in south eastern Croatia. It has 871 inhabitants.
Contents |
[edit] Population
According to the 2001 census, Trpanj has a population of 871. Croats make up absolute majority with 93.11% of the population.[1]
[edit] History
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[edit] Origin of the name
There is more than one theory about the origin of the name Trpanj. According to one of them, the name was derived from the Croatian verb "trpjeti", meaning "to suffer". Another theory draws the origin of the name from the ancient Greek word for sickle, which is the shape formed by the cliffs surrounding the town's harbor. According to the third theory, the name was derived from the name of the ancient fortification called Tarpano or Tarponio - remains of which can still be seen on the hill overlooking the harbor. Finally, the sea cucumber is called "Trp" in Croatian, which some believe is how Trpanj got its name.
[edit] Early history
The area has been inhabited since ancient time. Examples of prehistoric pottery proving that the site was inhabited by an urban-type society were found on the slopes of "Gradina", the small hill overlooking the port. Other prehistoric traces were found on the hill "St. Roko". Life in the area was certainly not easy, the town being placed between steep rocks - barren cliffs on the North and "Miloševica", "Viter" and "Prvač Dol" hills on the South.
First traces of Roman occupation were discovered in 1922, when a mosaic was uncovered in a park under the Gradina hill. In 1963 walls of a Roman “villa rustica” were found as well as a base of a Roman column and an inscription from the 2nd or 3rd century AD. When the Romans occupied the area, they encountered Illyrians, who were dwelling on the slopes of "Gradina". The Dubrovnik historian Jakov Lukaric claims that the ancient fortress Tarpano or Tarponio was destroyed by Julius Caesar while he was fighting the Illyrians. As a result, the old inhabitants of Trpanj took the imaginary 3 towers as the town emblem. Other evidence of Roman existence was covered over the centuries by a thick layer of soil brought over the centuries by the brook Potok.
During the Goth rule of Dalmatia in the 6th century, Byzantine emperor Justinian I built a series of defenses along the coast, including the one on the top of Gradina, in an attempt to reclaim the lands lost to invading tribes and to ensure safe passage of trade. Throughout centuries the Neretva channel was a very important merchant sea route. Frequent changes of state boundaries never caused the traffic to stop. Greek vessels used the channel to transport ingredients for the production of incense to Corinth, while Romans mostly used it to trade wine in amphoras. Later Neretvan princes imposed "tributum pacis" which meant that anyone trading in these parts had to pay them a peace tribute.
On the remains of the ancient world, the new Croatian inhabitants built their own monuments. That is how over the remains of the Roman villa, the first and most important church of the medieval Trpanj dedicated to St. Peter was built.
[edit] Changing rulers
After the death of Mihajlo Visevic (910-930), the first known ruler of Zahumlje, Peljesac underwent frequent changes of owners.
First came Samuil of Bulgaria (992-1018). Peljesac was under the rule of Duklja in 1042 and under the rule of Raska in 1148.
In 1168 Zahumlje and Peljesac changed hands once more, falling under the rule of Nemanjic. When his brother Miroslav took over, he expelled bishop Donat from Ston and orthodox priests arrived to Peljesac. The Catholic population was then provided for by the Benedictine monks from the island Mljet.
In 1198 Zahumlje recognized the authority of the Croatian Duke Andrew (1197–1204).
Towards the end of the 13th century the Bribir family came to control the area along with other Croatian lands, ruling over more land than any other national ruler before them. In 1322, when Mladen II Bribirski disappeared from politics, a local pair of brothers from the Branivojevic family took over Peljesac. They were removed from power by the Stephen II of Bosnia with the help of Ragusa in 1326. The Ragusa Republic (Dubrovnik) initiated diplomatic action to gain international recognition of the newly occupied lands. This was achieved in 1333, with the assistance of the Serbian kings Dusan and Stjepan II Kotromanic. Ragusa also allied with the Croatian-Hungarian Louis the Great to ward off any other pretenders to the area. Peljesac remained in the political sphere of the Ragusa Republic to its fall.
[edit] Under Ragusa
The Republic nobility divided the land among each other and passed laws stating that no one may own land on Peljesac unless he is a citizen of Ragusa, and no one may reside or work there unless he is a serf of the Republic. As a result all inhabitants automatically became serfs. The serfs of the Republic, although having quite a few obligations, had the right to sail (in the Dubrovnik merchant fleet), get educated, do business and accumulate possessions. In contrast with the other two local superpowers, which could have claimed the area (Venice and the Ottoman Empire), the serfs were acquainted with their local lords and could communicate with them in Croatian. Hence the Republic enjoyed overwhelming support among the population.
In order to have the right to live in a house, every serf family with at least one male member older than 16 years had to perform services. Those included working the land for free, transporting the lord by row boat and carrying out other orders. The number of days that these services had to be performed varied until the Dubrovnik Senate in 1800 set it to 90 days a year. If a serf household had a garden they had to give the lord a lamb, 2 chickens, 2 chicks and 10 eggs. The price for the grazing of the public land was a dried pig’s head. Serf daughters were sent to work as maids in noble families, thus bringing culture and fashion trends from the city to the countryside. Public schools started operating quite early in the Republic, since navigation and sailing required literacy.
Brotherhoods, which in the 13th century had a religious character, received by the 15th century a semi-legal status and responsibilities such as collecting port fees. Fishing brotherhoods, such as the one dedicated to St. Peter, always took a fisherman apostle as a patron saint.
Until 1343, when the captaincy was established in Orebić, the seat of authority for Peljesac was in Ston. From 1456 Trpanj had been administered by the newly esatblished captaincy in Janjina. However, since Trpanj was on the coast, unlike Janjina, the Janjina captain spent most of his time in Trpanj despite the fact that Janjina was more populous.
[edit] Lords of Trpanj
When Ragusan nobility divided Peljesac among each other in 1344, Trpanj was sectioned into 4 parts: two and a half were given to the brothers Dobre and Luka from the Gambe family and the brothers Marko and Petar from the Bucinic family received one and a half. Both of these families were in the maritime commerce business. In 1352 when Dobre Gambe died, his part went to his brother Luka and in turn when Luka died in 1358 he requested that his part be sold and the proceeds be given to the monastery in Ston. The Bucicnic brothers also had no inheritors and their parts were sold at public auction in 1395 for 1501 perpers. Trpanj became property of the Gradic family. The exact date is not known but it must have been before 24 February 1498, since a building contract with that date describes the construction of a stone house in Trpanj for Stjepan Gradic. Biagio Stefano Gradi left Trpanj to his son-in-law Girolamo Francesco Gondola. Hence the House of Gondola (Gundulic) family came into possession of Trpanj on 16 November, 1615. Due to a court order from 18 February, 1626 the brothers Biagio, Stefano and Francesco Gondola were ordered to return the dowry of their grandmother to her brothers Miho and Ivan Rastic. To raise the money, the brothers sold half of their Trpanj possessions to Ivan Krste Benesic on 17 July, 1632 for 1590 ducats, stipulating that if in 8 years they manage to return that sum of money to the buyer, the sale will be annulled, which probably happened as Trpanj remained in the Gondola family. When his brothers died, Biagio found himself sole proprietor of Trpanj, and in order to ensure that Trpanj as a whole remained in his family he made Trpanj an indivisible legal entity protected by a “fideicomis”, a sort of a testamentary trust.
Francesco Gondola, who was an Austrian marshal, wrote from Vienna on 22 May, 1672 to his friend Marco Bassegli to ask him to get the republic to name him Duke and as a result to name Trpanj Dukedom of St. Michael of Trpanj. This was necessary because of his position in Vienna. Frano died in 1700 before being able to built a summer residence in Trpanj. Francesco Gondola left the residence in Trpanj to his son Francesco II, who died in Vienna in 1717, without male offspring.
In the spring of 1700 the Ghetaldi-Gondola family was sued in court by Slava, wife of Paolo House of Gozze (Gucetic), and the court ordered Trpanj to be divided in two. Although court documents clearly divide the land and property, the court order was never carried out and the town remained the Gondola fideicomis. Sisko was sued again, this time by his serfs from Trpanj, in the spring of 1741, for a variety of unlawful actions ranging from requiring free fishing to confiscation of boats and other property and interference in their commerce.
Sisko (*1682) died in 1758 leaving Trpanj to his son Sigismondo Domenico Gondola (1712-1800). In order to avoid constant law suits by his financially powerful serfs, he struck a deal on 4 July, 1765 whereby the 70 Trpanj families were to pay a sum of money for the following 25 years, instead of performing services or giving gifts to Gondola. Only the gift of olive oil still had to be delivered to the landlord. The sum of money had to be paid by each family before the celebration of St. Michael’s. That contract was signed a second time for another period of 25 years when the first one expired.
Sigismondo Domenico Gondola, who was to die in 1800, had no inheritors so he adopted his sister’s (Caterina) son Francesco di Agostino Ghetaldi in 1787. In 1807, the last count of Gondola, Sigismondo Domenico, litigated in the courts of Dubrovnik the fideicomis instituted by Biagio Gondola in 1649 by Pietro Ignazio Gio. Francesco Girolamo Sorgo and Bernardo Caboga by the possession of Trpanj against Sisko Getaldic-Gundulic.
But finally he was succeeded by the sons of Francesco di Agostino Ghetaldi and Caterina Gondola, Francesco Ghetaldi and his sons: Sigismondo Ghetaldi-Gondola (1795-1860) and Matteo Ghetaldi-Gondola (born in 1797), and Trpanj was left to Sigismondo who was later named Baron and podestà of Ragusa for 13 years. He had 3 children: Francesco, Giovanni (1835-1891) and Maria (born 1837). Trpanj remained the property of the Ghetaldi-Gondola and its inhabitants would pay the landlord a fixed sum of money every year instead of the traditional services and gifts in nature until the Trpanj residents, the first on Peljesac, decided to legally buy their town from the landlord and relieve themselves of official serfdom in 1856.
[edit] Main sights
[edit] Gradina
On the small hill just above he port was a fortress of a considerable size, and it northern walls are especially well preserved. The total length of the walls is 60 m. The location, plan and wall construction indicate that it was built in the late antiquity, probably in the time of the Byzantine emperor Justinian who built a series of fortresses along the Croatian coast to protect maritime commerce, after having driven out Goths out of Dalmatia. The fortress has not yet been analyzed by archeologists. A staircase and path that lead to the fortress and the observatory was built in 1936 although it is presently hard to gain access to due to residential buildings that make it less obvious.
[edit] Church of St. Peter
Until 1922, remains of the oldest church of St. Peter “on the shore” could be found in the park in front of the former fire station. In front of the church was a walled cemetery where burials were carried out until 1904.
The church had all the details of pre-Romanesque construction just like mot Croatian churches built between the 9th and 12th centuries. It was 4.62 m long, 3.8 m wide and about 5 m high.
This early Middle Ages church was elongated probably in the baroque era, with a wider nave. Hence the original church became simply the altar section of a larger church. The stone arch that was inserted where the old church met the expansion, was done in a shallow relief and the stones from this arch were later used in 1957 in the renovation of the church of St. Roko.
From the visit archives of the Ston bishop Ambrogio Gozze from 4 July, 1621 it is known that the church has a bell tower with bells but it is empty. It has no roof or doors. The bishop ordered the town to restore the church so that it may again be put to use. The roof had probably burned down in 1591 during a pirate attack which were frequent in that year. The same bishop consecrated a restored church and urged the residents to keep the main altar in good condition. He only mentioned the main altar as other altars were the responsibility of the individual families that had built them. Hence it can be found in records that don Agostino di Agostino in his will read on 14 August, 1679 instructs his brothers to decorate and take care of his altar in the church. At the end of August 1679 the church was inspected again and new orders were given to continue the restoration that had not yet been done to satisfaction.
The Trpanj born bishop Giovanni Natali inspected the church in 1684 and forbade mass services till main altar renovations were not carried out. The Trpanj people often left money for the church in their wills as can be seen in old archives. When the church became a ruin, it was used as a cemetery, so that the original 9th century chapel reappeared but with no doors which accelerated its ruin. Two altars from the church, entrance stones and the classical Rosetta stone were moved to the church of St. Michael. The 4th altar was moved in 1857 to the church of Lady of Carmen.
[edit] Church of St. Peter and Paul, formerly St. Michael
The year 1799 was engraved on a tomb in this church so that year was taken as the year of construction. Stefano Gondola in his 20 October, 1647 will leaves instructions for the building of the church of the Lady of Carmen and he asks that a religious church item be made of gold for the church of St. Michael. The Vrucica priest don Juraj Gabric confirms having received the gold from the state treasury and those are the oldest references found for this church.
That was at first a very small church that was not mentioned in any of the bishop’s visits from 1621 to 1805 whereas the little church of St. Anthony is mentioned. That would mean that St. Michael’s was either smaller or not in use. Even in 1800 it is not mentioned in a separate list while all other churches are named.
In the land registry map from 1836, the church is labeled as church of St. Michael. It was a small church with probably one wooden altar displaying a group of saints: St Michael with a scale, to the right St. Peter with keys and to the left St. Paul. Above them was the virgin Mary surrounded by angels and flowers. This altar probably had the pendent of St. Michael and Peter that is now in the church of St. Anthony.
The main altar was built in 1849 by Domenico Bertapelle a famous altar maker from Vrboska. The other two altars, the entrance stones and the classical window Rosetta stone came from the church of St. Peter. Until 1902 the door and window were at the front of the church which was decorated by stone bell-niche with 3 bells. This niche was damaged by thunder in 1858. In 1854 a new altar decoration was purchased showing St. Liberan, St. Blaise, and St. Jovinian protector of olives. This was replaced in 1907 by a statue of St. Liberan which was a gift of Ivan Cibilic, who was living in Alexandria.
The statue of the Lady of Rosary was purchased in 1855 from Italy and a lithography of the statue was made in Verona to be used as the town seal. The statue was brought to Trpanj on 20 May 1855 and that date was celebrated as a holiday until 1912. The king Francis Joseph I visited the church on 11 May 1875 while on his tour of Dalmatia.
Prince Joseph II of Liechtenstein who frequently came to Trpanj to hunt for “caglje” (a wild dog native of Peljesac resembling a hyena) made a gift of 2 bells in 1888. Since the niche could not support the large bells, they were taken down in 1897 and hung next to the church. The town then decided to expand the church and build new bell tower. The prince of Liechtenstein contributed 150 fiorns and the town 2000 crowns. The work started in 1902, and the new roof and sacristy were completed in November 1904 and the new bell tower in 1905. The church and 5 new bells were consecrated on 28 April, 1907 by bishop Marcelic. The marble statues of St. Peter and Paul were made in 1907 in the Bilinic workshop in Split. In 1912 began the construction of the staircase leading to the church and in 1916 the space around it was paved. The old fence wall consisting of benches was replaced with the current stone columns between 1917 and 1918 thanks to father Dinko Suljaga. The paintings in the church were made by the local painter Franco Ferenca between 1929 and 1930.
[edit] Church of Lady of Carmen
The Dubrovnik nobleman and lord of Trpanj Stefano Gondola, in his will dated 7 October, 1645 instructed that a church be built in Trpanj. He insisted that church be a replica of the Holy Family chapel in Loreta. Furthermore he instructed a priest to be hired and housed in Trpanj to serve daily mass for the deliverance of his soul. Stefano Gondola (the uncle of Ivan Gundulic) died in 1647 and the first mention of the church is found in the bishop’s visitation of 29 April 1679. It is noted that the church suffers from damage from humidity so instructions are given for two windows to be equipped with iron bars to allow free flow of air. Furthermore since the painting above the altar was also seriously damaged because it has no frame, the bishop orders a wooden frame be built. From this it is obvious that there were previous visitations and that the church is not completely new. The altar is built in the renaissance style, and the House of Gondola crest can be found on the base of the columns. In time the painting was replaced by a statue and parts of the painting representing souls in purgatory were saved and can be seen under the statue of the Lady of Carmen. According to professor Grga Gamulin the painting shows signs of 18th century Venetian painting resembling Piazzetto and Benkovic. The painting on either side of the statue were made by the amateur painter Frano Kaer from Makarska in 1848.
In 1679 the bishop carries out sacraments in this church which might indicate that it was in better shape than the church of St. Peter. In 1687 there is a mention of the priest of the church of the Lady of Carmen which would indicate that the priest’s house had already been built. Names of some of the priests are also known. For instance, father Petar Milosevic from Popova died in 1753 and was succeeded by father Luca Giovanelli, who on the 22 February, 1758 informed the senate to find a replacement as he will be departing, leaving the keys of the church and house to the chancellor D'Agostino. Bishop’s visitations in 1802 and 1805 make no mention of the church which suggests it was not in use.
After the fall of the Republic of RAgusa, the priest uses it as the primary school as can be found in the city records of 1836. In 1848 the church was repaired and put back into use. In the spring of 1850 it was thoroughly renovated and its walls were made higher. An altar in the renaissance style, although built after that period, was brought form the old church of St. Peter in 1857. That altar is there today as the altar of St. Anthony. There is a baroque relief depicting a cross with whips on the outer back wall of the church. The town council built a dome on the church and installed a public clock and was responsible for its accuracy following a contract signed in 1874.
[edit] Church of St. Roko
The church of St. Roko (San Rocco), protector from leprosy, was built in the first half of the 17th century over the remains of an older church on the highest hill overlooking Trpanj and the Neretva channel. The 1621 bishop’s visitation does not mention the church whereas the 1679 visitation notes that the bishop inspected the church and noted that there is a new painting of St. Roko in it. In 1684 the Trpanj born bishop Natali forbaded mass services because the church was not properly equipped. Around 1700 the town people planted olives around the church and surrounded it by a fence wall. When in 1739 the children’s cemetery became full in the town church, a cemetery for children was made in the church of St. Roko.
Bishop Milkovic in his 1751 visit notes that the church has a well equipped altar, a good silver chalice, and all other items of cult. The altar was built in the neo-renaissance style and ha two small statues: St. Roko and Lady of Health. The older statue of St. Roko was replaced in 1897 by a new 90 cm one brought from St. Ulrich for 300 florins. The space between the altar and the walls is covered on both ides by two paintings. The one on the right shows the pope St. Sylvester baptizing Constantine the Great and the left shows St. Blaise holding Dubrovnik in his arm and Trpanj in the background. Both of these copies of older paintings were done by Frano Ferenca. The bell for the church was made in 1804.
During the epidemic of cholera in Metkovic, in 1884, the Trpanj townspeople vowed to repair the church and build a new bell tower. Hence in place of the older bell niche a bell tower was built in the neo-Roman style and at the same time a space in front of the church was built and surrounded by a wall. All work was completed by 1895.
[edit] Church of St. Anthony
An inscription above the church states that it was built as a result of a vow made by Antonio Simonetti. His son, father Antun, was the priest of Vrucica from 1731 to 1749. Antun Sr. owned stocks in several ships along with his brother. The church has a baroque altar with a painting above of no artistic value as it is a copy by the amateur painter Ilija Antunovic from 1960 of a previous damaged painting. From the bishop's visitation in 1751 it states that the church is fully equipped with a silver chalice, two chandeliers, a lamp and two bells. In 1845 the brotherhood of Forgiveness was founded and took the church as its chapel. The mosaic on the floor dates from that period as can be seen from the inscription that reads 1847.
[edit] Church of St. Nicholas
An inscription above the church states that it was built as a result of a vow made by the sailor Kleme Cvitanovic in 1840. The inscription also says in Croatian: “buduci da ga bili pokrili valovi, od smrti osloboden” meaning “delivered from death having been covered by the sea.” Kleme Cvitanovic (1799-1877) was born in Drasnica not far from Makarska but married Frana Iveta from Trpanj and relocated there. He was owner of 9 stocks of the Peljesac Maritime Association (1867-1869) and of the house called Vatican.
He had no inheritors, so he left all possessions to his wife’s family and they in turn left the church to the Trpanj mother church.
The church has a wooden altar, with St. Nicholas and St. Liberan. The church has a bell niche. The last restoration dates from 1988. This church, dedicated to the protector of sailors, was built at the onset of the golden age of Trpanj’s sail boats specializing in mall coastal commerce.
[edit] The chapel of the lady of Grace
On the small hill to the left of the church of St. Peter and Paul, is the smallest church in Trpanj referred to by the locals as the chapel. From the outside it is only 213 cm long and 158 cm wide. It was built by Franic Nesanvic-Jura in 1865. The association for the improvement of the town began the construction of a staircase in 1936. An observatory in front of the church fenced by a stone colonnade was completed by 1940.
[edit] The cemetery
A new cemetery was built after a drawing obtained from a competition released in a newspaper in Vienna. The care with which the cemetery was built is a testament to the respect the Trpanj populace paid to its ancestors. Nikola Jeric, who was the chairman of the council in charge of the construction of the new cemetery, is credited for the current appearance of the cemetery. The town council decided on 25 January, 1900 to set aside 1,956 crowns for the new cemetery, and that the first 10 slots be sold at public auction for 120 crowns. All other families were compelled to contribute 24 crowns for town slots.
The statue above the Tere Ferri tomb is of particular interest as it is the work of Ivan Rendic from 1903. The Narodni List (National Paper) newspaper in its no.89 copy from 7 November, 1903 describes the marble work of art as both artistically pleasing and patriotic as it displays elements from Croatian folklore.
Other notable monuments can be found in the cemetery, in particular statues from the workshop of Pavle Bilinic in Split.
The town council decided on 20 December, 1902 to forbid further burials in the old cemetery of St. Peter. On 15 June, 1906 the construction of the chapel of the Holy Cross began on the site of the new cemetery. The chapel roof was badly done and the chapel suffered from humidity requiring restorations in 1924 but its interior had seriously degraded. Further renovations were carried out in 2000 making the chapel a mortuary. In the chapel there is a communal repository of the remains of bones carried over from the old cemetery.
[edit] Municipality
The list of inhabited places with their respective populations in the Trpanj municipality, as of census 2001, includes:
- Trpanj, 707
- Gornja Vrućica, 62
- Duba Pelješka, 54
- Donja Vrućica, 48
[edit] Economy
[edit] Fisheries
Fishing in Trpanj is an activity as old as the town itself. During the Republic of Dubrovnik, the fishermen were obliged to transport salt from Mali Ston to Neretva, for which they built special boats, called “solarica.” These were small boats with a smaller draft. By the decision of the Grand Council dated 26 April, 1560 fishermen that transported salt were absolved from the very labor intensive work in the salt evaporation ponds.
By the decision of the Small council, no owner of a fishing vessel with nets could get a fishing permit if he did not have 12 sailors, 3 smaller boats and 2 night fishing lights. Fishing’s importance is evidenced from a letter from Matija Andricic who wrote to the Council in 1765 to be absolved from paying taxes that year as the total catch did not exceed 50 barrels.
In the 18th century owners of fishing vessels were from the following families: Augustinovic, Andricic, Balovi, Barbica, Barac, Bergando, Belin, Butiric, Certic, Frankovic, Ferri, Iveta, Jeric, Klaric, Kresic, Kulisic, Mirkovic, Nesanovic, Senko, Simonetti, Skoko and Zimic.
Records show the following numbers for fishing vessels
Fishing vesels through the years
| year | vessels | year | vesels | year | vesels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1709 | 12 | 1770-72 | 16 | 1795-96 | 23 |
| 1755 | 12 | 1773-75 | 18 | 1798 | 14 |
| 1761 | 17 | 1776 | 20 | 1799 | 23 |
| 1762 | 16 | 1777 | 19 | 1801 | 22 |
| 1763 | 15 | 1778 | 21 | 1802 | 20 |
| 1764 | 14 | 1782 | 20 | 1803 | 21 |
| 1765-68 | 13 | 1783-85 | 19 | 1804 | 25 |
| 1769 | 14 | 1786 | 18 |
According to a court order from 1741, Trpanj fishermen were obliged to go fishing 4 days in a row for their landlord Gundulic while he was residing in Trpanj for his needs. Gundulic was required to pay for this fish as in the past he paid nothing.
In 1815 there are 27 boats of 4 tons, 24 boats of 5 tons (called leuti) and 11 ships of 1.5 tons.
Other than sardine fishing, in Trpanj, the fishermen also extracted corals, in particular towards the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th centuries in the waters around Lastovo.
Taking into account the number if inhabitants, Trpanj in the 19th century was probably the strongest fishing community in the southern Adriatic.
[edit] Navigation
Trpanj was a center of coastal navigation on Peljesac. Sailor were frequently exposed to dangers. For example in 1660 Martin Marin Medovic from Trpanj was captured in Tunis, and in 1755 pirates captured Nikola Frankovic.
In February 1669, the Ragusan Senate orders that officials be sent to Trpanj to bring two sail ships with crew because they have not answered the call to transport construction material for the restoration of the city.
From 1677 to 1797 there were 41 known sailors from Trpanj in the Venetian fleet and two known ship commanders Grga Ivana Frankovic and Mato Nika Mrcic.
In the mid 18th century, on Dubrovnik ships navigating outside the Adriatic the following sailors from Trpanj could be found: Ante and Justin Auustinovic, Simun Andricic, Stijepo and Vicko Barbica, Andrija, Mato and Petar Certic, Luka nd Peter Despot, Ivan, Mato, Nikola and Petar Ferri, Antun, Duro, Ivan and Luka Frankovic, Ivan Iveta, Ante and Tomo Jeric, Petar Keko, Ivan and Baldo Kresic, Antun, Petar and Mato Markovic, Ivan, Petar and Mato Mrcic, Rade and Baldo Nesanovic, and Ivan Sirovica-Dolica.
Many Trpanj priests were co-owners of sailhips notably: Miho Fabrelli Iveta, Antun Simonetti, MAto Nesanovic, Nikola Augustinovic, Baldo Kresic, Andrija Kalais and Ivan Klaric-Mirkovic.
The sail ship “Nimfa” 104 barrels, was purchased in 1801 by the Jeric, Barac, Zimic and Ferri families. That ship was confiscated in 1804.
Trpanj was a major export port for salted fish in the Dubrovnik Republic. In the 18th century Trpanj imported salted fish from Sucuraj which was under Venetian authority and exported it along with its fish. In the 18th century, in Senigallia near Ancona, merchants from Trpanj had their own warehouses for storing fish and other goods during the local fair. Trpanj sail ships were returning with imported goods from the far away European colonies, cloth and ceramics. Commerce was booming at the time and the merchant fleet was constantly on the rise. In a good year, Trpanj could generate over 30,000 florins.
The last sail ship from Trpanj was sold in 1920.
[edit] Famous people
- Ena Begović actress
- Mia Begović actress
- Stjepan Ivanišević Croatian justice minister 2000 - 2001
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- All factual information in this article is based on paraphrased and summarised translations of the 1989 book in the Croatian language "Trpanj proslost, sadasnjost, spomenici" ( Trpanj past, present, monuments) by Frano Glavina.
[edit] External links
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- Trpanj.com (Many photographs of Trpanj)
- PeljesacInfo-Trpanj (Information site)
- Trpanj Tourist Board (Tourist board site in English and Croatian)
- Wikimapia (Trpanj on Wikimapia)
- Trpanj info (Information site)
