Tristan Albatross
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Tristan Albatross | ||||||||||||||
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Conservation status | ||||||||||||||
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Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
Diomedea dabbenena Mathews, 1929 |
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Synonyms | ||||||||||||||
Diomedea exulans dabbenena |
The Tristan Albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) is a large seabird from the albatross family. One of the great albatrosses of the genus Diomedea, it was only widely recognised as a full species in 1998[citation needed].
While not all scientists believe it is a full species with some retaining it as a subspecies of the Wandering Albatross, a 2004 study of the mitochondrial DNA of the Wandering Albatross species complex[1] supported the split. Other studies[citation needed] have shown it to be the most genetically distinct member of the Wandering Albatross superspecies. This may be due to it díverging from their common ancestor before all its relatives, or because it underwent particularly strong genetic drift.
It is, however, practically indistinguishable from the Wandering Albatross at sea; the Tristan Albatross is smaller and has a slightly darker back. Due to the difficulty in distinguishing them from Wandering Albatrosses, their distribution at sea is still not fully known, but the use of satellite tracking has shown that they forage widely in the South Atlantic, with males foraging west of the breeding islands towards South America and females to the east towards Africa. At sea, they feed mostly on squid, most importantly cock-eyed squids (Histioteuthidae).
The Tristan Albatrosses are endemic to the islands of the Tristan da Cunha group and Gough Island. The majority of the world's population nest of Gough, around 1500 pairs. There are also colonies on Inaccessible Island. They were formerly threatened by introduced species, rats, cats and pigs, but these have now been removed from their breeding islands. Today the main threat to the species is believed to be long-line fishing.
Formerly classified as a endangered species by the IUCN[2], it was suspected to be more threatened than generally assumed and undergoing a marked decline. Following the evaluation of its status, this was found to be correct, and the Tristan Albatross is consequently uplisted to Critically Endangered status in 2008[3].
[edit] Footnotes
[edit] References
- BirdLife International (BLI) (2007). Diomedea dabbenena. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2007. Retrieved on 23 May 2008.
- BirdLife International (BLI) (2008): [2008 IUCN Redlist status changes]. Retrieved 2008-MAY-23.
- Brooke, Michael (2004): Albatrosses and Petrels across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York. ISBN 0-19-850125-0
- Burg, T.M. & Croxall, J.P. (2004): Global population structure and taxonomy of the wandering albatross species complex. Molecular Ecology 13: 2345-2355. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02232.x