Triple harp
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The Welsh triple harp (telyn deires) is a type of harp using three rows of strings instead of the common single row. The Welsh Triple Harp today is found mainly among players of traditional Welsh Folk Music.
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[edit] History
The Triple Harp first originated in Italy and appeared in the British Isles early in the 17th century. In 1629, the French harpist Jean le Flelle was appointed ‘musician for the harp’ at the King's court. Flelle played the Italian triple harp with gut strings.
The triple harp was quickly adopted by the Welsh harpers living in London during the 17th century. It was so popular that by the beginning of the 18th century the triple harp was already generally known as the "Welsh harp". Charles Evans was the first mentioned Welsh triple harpist. He was appointed harper to the court in 1660, where his official title was ‘His Majesty's harper for the Italian harp’.
A description of the Welsh triple harp is given by the harpist John Parry (1776–1851) in the preface to the second volume of his collection, The Welsh Harper (London 1839):
"The compass of the Triple Harp, in general, is about five octaves, or thirty-seven strings in the principal row, which is on the side played by the right hand, called the bass row. The middle row, which produces the flats and sharps, consists of thirty-four strings; and the treble, or left hand row, numbers twenty-seven strings. The outside rows are tuned in unison, and always in the diatonic scale, that is, in the regular and natural scale of tones and semitones, as a peal of eight bells is tuned. When it is necessary to change the key, for instance, from C to G, all the Fs in the outside rows are made sharp by raising them half a tone. Again, to change from C to F, every B in the outside rows is made flat, by lowering it a semitone. When an accidental sharp or flat is required, the performer inserts a finger between two of the outer strings, and finds it in the middle row. Many experiments have been made, with a view of obviating the necessity of tuning the instrument every time a change in the key occurred. Brass rings were fixed near the comb, but those rattled and jarred; in short, every attempt failed until the invention of the Pedals. …"
The skill of harp making in Wales had all but been lost for some 60 years until John Western Thomas (MBE), a talented wood and metal worker revised the craft, making celtic, chromatic and triple harps until his death in 1992. He did however pass on his skills to three apprentices: Allan Shiers, Brian Blackmore and Alun Thomas. Brian Blackmore remains one of the only UK based maker of triple harps, whilst Allan Shiers went on to make concert harps and found Telynau Teifi Harps.
[edit] Playing Techniques
Among the most important and characteristic playing techniques for the Welsh Triple Harp is that of "Unisons". The effect of ‘unisons’ is obtained by playing the same note on both the outside rows using the right and left hands in rapid succession. Thus a progression of e.g. C-D-F-E, is achieved by playing CC-DD-FF-EE.
[edit] Modern Players
After the early 20th century triple harps were almost completely abandoned in Wales in favour of the modern pedal harp. Preservation of the instrument and the playing style have been attributed to one person, Nansi Richards (1888–1979), who learnt to play from Gypsy harpists in the Bala area at the turn of the century. Current performers of the Welsh triple harp include Eleanor Bennett, Dafydd Roberts of Ar Log,Robin Huw Bowen of Crasdant, Cheryl Ann Fulton, Ann Griffiths, Llio Rhydderch, Sioned Webb, Steffan Thomas, Mary Triola of Moch Pryderi and Fiona-Katie Roberts of Yorkshire.
[edit] References
- Bayer, C.W., The Historical Methods of the Celtic Harp: The Ancient British Small Harp, the Diaronic Welsh Bray Harp and the Irish Clairseeach. Purple Mountain Press, 1991. ISBN 0962889008
- Price, William. "Harps, Bards and the Gwerin". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0
- Sanger, Keith, Tree of Strings Crann Nan Teud: A History of the Harp in Scotland, Kenmore Music 1991. ISBN 0951129433
- Thomas, John, History of the Harp from the Earliest Period Down to the Present Day. Library reprints, 2001. ISBN 0722260687
