Treaty of La Pointe
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The Treaty of La Pointe may refer to either of two treaties made and signed in La Pointe, Wisconsin between the United States and the Ojibwe (Chippewa) Native American peoples.
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[edit] 1842 Treaty of La Pointe
The first treaty of La Pointe was signed Robert Stuart for the United States and representatives of the Ojibwe of Lake Superior and the Mississippi on October 4, 1842 and proclaimed on March 23, 1843. This treaty ceded lands now parts of Wisconsin and Upper Peninsula Michigan. The signatory tribes retain hunting, fishing and gathering right on for this region.
[edit] Signatories
The Ojibwe treaty signatories were:
| # | Location | Recorded Name | Name (Translation/"Alias") | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crow Wing River | Po go ne gi shik | Bagonegiizhig (Hole in the Day) | 1st chief |
| 2 | Crow Wing River | Son go com ick | Zoongakamig (Firm Ground) | 2d chief |
| 3 | Sandy Lake Band | Ka non do ur uin zo | Gaa-nandawaawinzo (He that Gathers Berries/"le Brocheux") | 1st chief |
| 4 | Sandy Lake Band | Na tum e gaw bon | Netamigaabawi (Stands First) | 2d chief |
| 5 | Gull Lake | Ua bo jig | Waabojiig (White Fisher) | 1st chief |
| 6 | Gull Lake | Pay pe si gon de bay | Bebiizigindibe (Curly Head) | 2d chief |
| 7 | Red Ceder Lake | Kui ui sen shis | Gwiiwizhenzhish (Bad Boy) | 1st chief |
| 8 | Red Ceder Lake | Ott taw wance | Odaawaans (Little Ottawa) | 2d chief |
| 9 | Pokegama | Bai ie jig | Bayezhig (Lone Man) | 1st chief |
| 10 | Pokegama | Show ne aw | Zhooniyaa (Silver) | 2d chief |
| 11 | Wisconsin River | Ki uen zi | Akiwenzii (Old Man) | 1st chief |
| 12 | Wisconsin River | Wi aw bis ke kut te way | 2d chief | |
| 13 | Lac du Flambeau Band | A pish ka go gi | Apishkaagaagi (Magpie/"White Crow") | 1st chief |
| 14 | Lac du Flambeau Band | May tock cus e quay | Metaakozige ([Smokes] Pure Tobacco) | 2d chief |
| 15 | Lac du Flambeau Band | She maw gon e | Zhimaagani (Lance) | 2d chief |
| 16 | Lake Bands | Ki ji ua be she shi | Gichi-waabizheshi (Big Marten) | 1st chief |
| 17 | Lake Bands | Ke kon o tum | Geganoodam (Intercessor) | 2d chief |
| 18 | Fond du Lac Band | Shin goob | Zhingob (Balsam) | 1st chief |
| 19 | Fond du Lac Band | Na gan nab | Naagaanab (Foremost Sitter) | 2d chief |
| 20 | Fond du Lac Band | Mong o zet | Maangozid (Loon's Foot) | 2d chief |
| 21 | La Pointe Band | Gitchi waisky | Gichi-weshkiinh (Great-renewer/"Buffalo") | 1st chief |
| 22 | La Pointe Band | Mi zi | Mizay (Eel) | 2d chief |
| 23 | La Pointe Band | Ta qua gone e | Dagwagaane (Two Lodges Meet) | 2d chief |
| 24 | Ontonagon | O kon di kan | Okandikan (Bouy) | 1st chief |
| 25 | Ontonagon | Kis ke taw wac | Giishkitawag (Cut Ear) | 2d chief |
| 26 | L'Anse | Pe na shi | Bineshiinh (Bird) | 1st chief |
| 27 | L'Anse | Guck we san sish | Akakwijenzhish (Bad Little Groundhog) | 2d chief |
| 28 | Lac Vieux Desert Band | Ka she osh e | Gezhiiyaashi (Sails Fast) | 1st chief |
| 29 | Lac Vieux Desert Band | Medge waw gwaw wot | 2d chief | |
| 30 | Mille Lacs Indians | Ne qua ne be | Negwanebi ([Quill]feather) | 1st chief |
| 31 | Mille Lacs Indians | Ua shash ko kum | Wazhashkokon (Muskrat's Liver) | 2d chief |
| 32 | Mille Lacs Indians | No din | Noodin (Wind) | 2d chief |
| 33 | St. Croix Band | Be zhi ki | Bizhiki (Buffalo) | 1st chief |
| 34 | St. Croix Band | Ka bi na be | Gaa-bimabi (He that sits to the side/"Wet mouth") | 2d chief |
| 35 | St. Croix Band | Ai aw bens | Ayaabens (Little Buck) | 2d chief |
| 36 | Snake River | Sha go bi | Shák'pí ("Little" Six)‡ | 1st chief |
| 37 | Chippewa River | Ua be she shi | Waabizheshi (Marten) | 1st chief |
| 38 | Chippewa River | Que way zhan sis | Gwiiwizhenzhish (Bad Boy) | 2d chief |
| 39 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Ne na nang eb | Nenaa'angebi (Beautifying Bird) | 1st chief |
| 40 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Be bo kon uen | 2d chief | |
| 41 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Ki uen zi | Akiwenzii (Old Man) | 2d chief |
- ‡Name given in Dakota.
[edit] 1854 Treaty of La Pointe
The second treaty of La Pointe was signed by Henry C. Gilbert and David B. Herriman for the United States and representatives of the Ojibwe of Lake Superior and the Mississippi on September 30, 1854 and proclaimed on January 29, 1855. The treaty ceded all of the Lake Superior Ojibwe lands to the United States in the Arrowhead Region of Northeastern Minnesota, in exchange for reservations for the Lake Superior Ojibwe in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota. The signatory tribes retain hunting, fishing and gathering right within this region. The portions left unceded were given claims to the Mississippi Ojibwe. The Indian reservations established under this treaty are:
- Bad River
- Fond du Lac
- Grand Portage
- Lac Courte Oreilles
- Lac du Flambeau
- Lac Vieux Desert
- L'Anse
- Ontonagon
- Red Cliff
Mole Lake and St. Croix Bands lost their federal recognition due to not being included in this treaty. Mole Lake Band and St. Croix Band's eastern half in Wisconsin re-gained their federal recognition under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, but the St. Croix Band's western half in Minnesota are not independently recognized and are considered part of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe.
[edit] Signatories
The Ojibwe treaty signatories were:
| # | Location | Recorded Name | Name (Translation/"Alias") | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | La Pointe Band | Ke-che-waish-ke | Gichi-weshkiinh (Great-renewer/"Buffalo") | 1st chief |
| 2 | La Pointe Band | Chay-che-que-oh | 2d chief | |
| 3 | La Pointe Band | A-daw-we-ge-zhick | Edawi-giizhig (Each Side of the sky) | 2d chief |
| 4 | La Pointe Band | O-ske-naw-way | Oshkinawe (Youth) | 2d chief |
| 5 | La Pointe Band | Maw-caw-day-pe-nay-se | Makade-binesi (Black Bird) | 2d chief |
| 6 | La Pointe Band | Naw-waw-naw-quot | Naawaanakwad (Middle of the Cloud) | headman |
| 7 | La Pointe Band | Ke-wain-zeence | Akiwenziins (Old Man) | headman |
| 8 | La Pointe Band | Waw-baw-ne-me-ke | Waabanimikii (White Thunderer) | 2d chief |
| 9 | La Pointe Band | Pay-baw-me-say | Bebaamise (Soarer) | 2d chief |
| 10 | La Pointe Band | Naw-waw-ge-waw-nose | Naawajiwanaans (Middle of the Little Current) | 2d chief |
| 11 | La Pointe Band | Maw-caw-day-waw-quot | Makade-anaakwad (Black Cloud) | 2d chief |
| 12 | La Pointe Band | Me-she-naw-way | Mizhinawe (Disciple) | 2d chief |
| 13 | La Pointe Band | Key-me-waw-naw-um | Gimiwana'am (Canoes in the Rain) | headman |
| 14 | La Pointe Band | She-gog | Zhigaag (Skunk) | headman |
| 15 | Ontonagon Band | O-cun-de-cun | Okandikan (Buoy) | 1st chief |
| 16 | Ontonagon Band | Waw-say-ge-zhick | Waase-giizhig (Clear Sky) | 2d chief |
| 17 | Ontonagon Band | Keesh-ke-taw-wug | Giishkitawag (Cut Ear) | headman |
| 18 | L'Anse Band | David King | 1st chief | |
| 19 | L'Anse Band | John Southwind | headman | |
| 20 | L'Anse Band | Peter Marksman | headman | |
| 21 | L'Anse Band | Naw-taw-me-ge-zhick | Netamigiizhig (First Sky) | 2d chief |
| 22 | L'Anse Band | Aw-se-neece | Asiniins (Little Rock) | headman |
| 23 | Lac Vieux Desert Band | May-dway-aw-she | Medweyaashi (Sound by the Wind) | 1st chief |
| 24 | Lac Vieux Desert Band | Posh-quay-gin | Bashkwegin (Leather) | 2d chief |
| 25 | Grand Portage Band | Shaw-gaw-naw-sheence | Zhaaganaashiins (Little Englishman) | 1st chief |
| 26 | Grand Portage Band | May-mosh-caw-wosh | Memashkawaash (Strong Wind) | headman |
| 27 | Grand Portage Band | Aw-de-konse | Adikoons (Little Reindeer) | 2d chief |
| 28 | Grand Portage Band | Way-we-ge-wam | headman | |
| 29 | Fond du Lac Band | Shing-goope | Zhingob (Balsam) | 1st chief |
| 30 | Fond du Lac Band | Mawn-go-sit | Maangozid (Loon's Foot) | 2d chief |
| 31 | Fond du Lac Band | May-quaw-me-we-ge-zhick | Mekwamiiwi-giizhig (Icy Day) | headman |
| 32 | Fond du Lac Band | Keesh-kawk | headman | |
| 33 | Fond du Lac Band | Caw-taw-waw-be-day | Gaa-dawaabide (Cracked Tooth/"Broken Tooth") | headman |
| 34 | Fond du Lac Band | O-saw-gee | Ozaagii (Sauk) | headman |
| 35 | Fond du Lac Band | Ke-che-aw-ke-wain-ze | Gichi-akiwenzii (Big Old Man) | headman |
| 36 | Fond du Lac Band | Naw-gaw-nub | Naagaanab (Foremost Sitter) | 2d chief |
| 37 | Fond du Lac Band | Ain-ne-maw-sung | Enimaasing (Sails Away) | 2d chief |
| 38 | Fond du Lac Band | Naw-aw-bun-way | headman | |
| 39 | Fond du Lac Band | Wain-ge-maw-tub | Wenji-maadab (Where He Moves From Sitting) | headman |
| 40 | Fond du Lac Band | Aw-ke-wain-zeence | Akiwenziins (Little Old Man) | headman |
| 41 | Fond du Lac Band | Shay-way-be-nay-se | headman | |
| 42 | Fond du Lac Band | Paw-pe-oh | Baabii'o (Awaits) | headman |
| 43 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Aw-ke-wain-ze | Akiwenzii (Old Man) | 1st chief |
| 44 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Key-no-zhance | Ginoozhens (Little Jack Fish) | 1st chief |
| 45 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Key-che-pe-nay-se | Gichi-binesi (Big Bird) | 2d chief |
| 46 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Ke-che-waw-be-shay-she | Gichi-waabizheshi (Big Marten) | 2d chief |
| 47 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Waw-be-shay-sheence | Waabizheshiins (Little Marten) | headman |
| 48 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Quay-quay-cub | Gwekwekab (Turns Around Sitting) | headman |
| 49 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Shaw-waw-no-me-tay | Zhaawano-mide (Southern Medicine) | headman |
| 50 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Nay-naw-ong-gay-be | Nenaa'angebi (Dressing Bird) | 1st chief |
| 51 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | O-zhaw-waw-sco-ge-zhick | Ozhaawashko-giizhig (Blue Sky) | 2d chief |
| 52 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | I-yaw-banse | Ayaabens (Little Buck) | 2d chief |
| 53 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Ke-che-e-nin-ne | Gichi-inini (Big Man) | headman |
| 54 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Haw-daw-gaw-me | Naadagaame (Paddle to Shore) | headman |
| 55 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Way-me-te-go-she | Wemitigoozhi (Frenchman) | headman |
| 56 | Lac Courte Oreilles Band | Pay-me-ge-wung | Bemijiwang (Swift Current) | headman |
| 57 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Aw-mo-se | Aamoons (Wasp) | 1st chief |
| 58 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Ke-nish-te-no | Ginishtinoo (Cree) | 2d chief |
| 59 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Me-gee-see | Migizi (Eagle) | 2d chief |
| 60 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Kay-kay-co-gwaw-nay-aw-she | headman | |
| 61 | Lac du Flambeau Band | O-che-chog | Ojichaag (Soul) | headman |
| 62 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Nay-she-kay-gwaw-nay-be | Nezhikegwanebi (Lone Wing-feather) | headman |
| 63 | Lac du Flambeau Band | O-scaw-bay-wis | Oshkaabewis (Waiter) | 1st chief |
| 64 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Que-we-zance | Gwiiwizens (White Fish) | 2d chief |
| 65 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Ne-gig | Nigig (Otter) | 2d chief |
| 66 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Nay-waw-che-ge-ghick-may-be | headman | |
| 67 | Lac du Flambeau Band | Quay-quay-ke-cah | Gwekwekikaa (Keeps Turning) | headman |
| 68 | Bois Forte Band | Kay-baish-caw-daw-way | (Clear Round the Prairie) | 1st chief |
| 69 | Bois Forte Band | Way-zaw-we-ge-zhick-way-sking | headman | |
| 70 | Bois Forte Band | O-saw-we-pe-nay-she | Ozaawi-bineshiinh (Yellow Bird) | headman |
| 71 | Mississippi Bands | Que-we-san-se | Gwiiwizensi (Boy/"Hole in the Day") | head chief |
| 72 | Mississippi Bands | Caw-nawn-daw-waw-win-zo | Gaa-nandawaawinzo (Ripe-Berry Hunter) | 1st chief |
| 73 | Mississippi Bands | Waw-bow-jieg | Waabojiig (White Fisher) | 2d chief |
| 74 | Mississippi Bands | Ot-taw-waw | Odaawaa (Ottawa) | 2d chief |
| 75 | Mississippi Bands | Que-we-zhan-cis | Gwiiwizhenzhish (Bad Boy) | 2d chief |
| 76 | Mississippi Bands | Bye-a-jick | Bayezhig (Lone Man) | 2d chief |
| 77 | Mississippi Bands | I-yaw-shaw-way-ge-zhick | Ayaazhawi-giizhig (Crossing Sky) | 2d chief |
| 78 | Mississippi Bands | Maw-caw-day | Makode' (Bear's Heart) | 2d chief |
| 79 | Mississippi Bands | Ke-way-de-no-go-nay-be | Giiwedinogwanebi (Northern Feather) | 2d chief |
| 80 | Mississippi Bands | Me-squaw-dace | Miskwaadesi (Painted Turtle) | headman |
| 81 | Mississippi Bands | Naw-gaw-ne-gaw-bo | Naagaanigaabaw (Standing Ahead) | headman |
| 82 | Mississippi Bands | Wawm-be-de-yea | headman | |
| 83 | Mississippi Bands | Waish-key | Weshki (New One) | headman |
| 84 | Mississippi Bands | Caw-way-caw-me-ge-skung | headman | |
| 85 | Mississippi Bands | My-yaw-ge-way-we-dun | Mayaajiiwewidang (One who carries the Voice) | 2d chief |
[edit] External links
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