Transit Authority of River City
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| Transit Authority of River City | |
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| Locale | Louisville, Kentucky |
|---|---|
| Transit type | bus |
| Began operation | 1974 |
| Number of lines | 51 |
| Number of vehicles | 240 |
| Daily ridership | 15.8 million (2006) |
The Transit Authority of River City (TARC) is the major public transportation provider for the Louisville Metro area, as well as the Kentucky suburbs of Oldham County, Bullitt County, Clark County, and Floyd County in southern Indiana.
TARC is publically funded and absorbed various earlier private mass transit companies in Louisville, the largest of which was the Louisville Transit Company. TARC began bus operations in 1974.
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[edit] History
The transit authority was created in 1971 after 1970 legislation authorized city and county governments to operate mass-transit systems using local funding, however at the time public transit was still being provided in Louisville by the private Louisville Transit Company. The Louisville Transit Company had long operated mass transit lines in Louisville, converted from electric trolleys to diesel buses in the late 1940s and changing its name from the Louisville Railway Company in 1947.
| Ridership by year. Includes TARC's predecessor, Louisville Transit Company, in years prior to 1974. |
|---|
|
1920 - 84 million |
Following a trend seen in cities across America. the company had seen annual ridership decline from 84 million in 1920 to 14 million in 1970. The ridership was no longer enough for to cover operating expenses and in 1971 it posted its first ever loss. In 1972 the company announced it would cease operations on September 1, 1974.[1]
The local government began subsidizing fares in July 1973, but this was not enough to make Louisville Transit Company profitable. At about the same time, Bridge Transit Co., which provided mass transit between Louisville and Jeffersonville, ceased operations due to lack of revenue, clearly setting the stage for a metropolitan area without any private mass transit companies.[1]
In 1974 voters approved a controversial referendum allowing for an increased occupational tax to fund mass transit, which was pushed for by then-mayor Harvey Sloane.[2] Combined with a federal grant, this was enough for TARC to purchase the Louisville Transit Company, buy new buses, reduce fares, and extend new service lines.[1]
TARC bought up the remaining mass transit companies in the area; Blue Motor Coach Lines, which served outlying areas, in 1976 and the Daisy Line, connecting New Albany and Louisville, in 1983.[1]
In 1993 TARC experimented with a "water taxi" service connecting the Belle of Louisville wharf and Towboat Annie's Restaurant in Jeffersonville.[3] During the 1990s and early 2000s TARC advocated extensive funding to build and operate light rail system in the Louisville area, but despite wide press coverage, the plans never went past planning stages.
In February 1994 an audit committee headed by future political candidate Bruce Lunsford revealed TARC had been mismanaging funds and was on pace to depleat its once-large trust fund due to skyrocketting expenses such as door-to-door services for the disabled as well rates of spending on personal services and fringe benefits for administrators that was much higher than in transit companies for similar sized cities.[4] In the fallout of the audit, TARC's executive director resigned and fares were nearly doubled before year's end.[5]
[edit] Administration
TARC purchased Louisville's Union Station in 1977, the year after it had ceased rail operations. The trainyard was replaced with a large maintenence facility for TARC buses and the former train station is now TARC's administrative headquarters.[1]
TARC is administered by a 8-member board. TARC had a budget of $67.8 million for the 2008-09 fiscal year. Fares only cover about 15% of TARC's operating expenses; the rest is paid for by federal aid and Jefferson County's occupational tax. [6]
Some funding comes from a transportation trust fund kept by TARC. In 1992 the fund contained $28 million, which a local alderman claimed made TARC the "Cadillac" of America's bus systems, and unsuccessfully proposed raiding it to fund the Louisville Free Public Library.[7] The fund declined from $34 million in 1989 to $13 million in 1994, prompting severe cutbacks and rate hikes that year.[8]
[edit] Fleet
As of 2007, TARC had a fleet of 240 buses. 9 were Hybrid buses, which combine a traditional diesel engine and an electric motor to reduce emissions and eliminate tailpipe exhaust during acceleration, but cost nearly twice as much as a conventional bus. The hybrids were provided through Federal highway bill earmarks by Kentucky Senator Jim Bunning. In 2007 a new TARC bus costs $285,000 while a hybrid bus costs $504,000.[9]
All buses are equipped with "kneeling" bus technology that makes them easier to board and a wheelchair lift. TARC once required disabled riders to use a special service with smaller buses that had to be scheduled in advance, but all regular buses were made accessible following protests in 1986.[10]
[edit] Services
TARC operates a series of city buses that serve throughout the Louisville area. TARC claims over 7,000 bus stops, served by 20 weekday and weekend routes, 16 express routes with weekday service only and 51 total routes. Some specialized routes include downtown and medical center circulators, as well as a shuttle service for the University of Louisville's main campus and two routes shuttling workers to Worldport, the hub of UPS and one of Louisville's largest employers.[11]
They also operate a system of diesel-powered rubber-tired trolleys that act as circulators in the downtown hotel and shopping districts and on certain days are used to provide special shuttle services in other shopping and entertainment areas. The trolleys began operation in November 1987 and their role and fare has varied over the years as funding has allowed.[12]
TARC and its predecessor provided shuttle access to the Kentucky Derby and Kentucky Oaks since the 1950s, but in 2008 new federal rules required the racetrack, Churchill Downs, to negotiate with private companies to provide service. The shuttle operation transported tens of thousands of people each year and provided TARC with over $200,000 of annual revenue.[13] TARC provides service to some other local events, including Thunder over Louisville and the Kentucky State Fair.[14]
Through a program called "Bikes on Board", TARC has bike racks installed on the front of all its full-size buses, each with the capacity to hold two bicycles. The program began in 2001 and by 2004 all buses were equipped. In 2005 TARC reported an average of 6,000 riders a month used the bike racks.[15]
[edit] Fares
The standard fare became $1 in 1994, up from $0.85 for peak hours and $0.50 for off-peak hours. On July 1, 2007 it was raised to $1.25. TARC announced in June 2008 it may raise the fare to $1.50 to help defray the increased cost of gas.[6] Students at the University of Louisville may ride standard TARC routes for free.
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e (2002) in Kleber, John E.: The Encyclopedia of Louisville. University Press of Kentucky, 892.
- ^ Ryan, Ed. "Transit referendum", Courier-Journal, 1974-11-06.
- ^ Staff writer. "MAIDEN VOYAGES OF TARC WATER TAXI DRAW 4,500", Courier-Journal, 1993-05-06, pp. 3B.
- ^ Walfoort, Nina. "TARC AUDIT ASSAILS BUDGET, MANAGEMENT", Courier-Journal, 1994-02-05, pp. 1A.
- ^ Walfoort, Nina. "ARNETT RESIGNS: TARC'S FINANCIAL PRIORITIES REDIRECTED", Courier-Journal, 1994-02-11, pp. 1B.
- ^ a b Shafer, Sheldon. "Rising fuel bill may push TARC fares up 25 cents", Courier-Journal, 2008-06-03.
- ^ O'DOHERTY, MARY. "BATHER WOULD RAID TARC TO AID LIBRARY", Courier-Journal, 1992-06-23, pp. 1A.
- ^ Walfoort, Nina. "TARC BEGINS PUSH FOR ANOTHER ROUND OF FARE INCREASES", Courier-Journal, pp. 1B.
- ^ Hesser, Justin. "TARC rolls out four new hybrids", Courier-Journal, 2007-07-14, pp. 5B.
- ^ Jessie, Lisa. "7 disabled people held after protest of bus line", Courier-Journal, pp. 7A.
- ^ TARC - Route listing. Transit Authority of River City. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
- ^ Shafer, Sheldon. "Free trolley rides expected through '88", 1988-08-09, pp. 2B.
- ^ Shafer, Sheldon. "Rule change gives others shot at Derby bus runs", Courier-Journal, 2008-03-27, pp. 1A.
- ^ Halladay, Jessie. "Surviving Thunder's roads", Courier-Journal, 2008-04-09, pp. 1B.
- ^ Bruggers, James. "More bikers hitching a ride on TARC", 2005-01-18, pp. 1A.
