Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

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Հայաստանի Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն
(Armenian)
Закавказская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика
(Russian)
Загафгија Совет Федератив Сосиалист Республикасы
(Azerbaijani)
ამიერკავკასიის საბჭოთა ფედერაციული სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა
(Georgian)
Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
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1922 — 1936 →
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Flag Coat of arms
Capital Tbilisi
Official language Armenian, Azerbaijani, Georgian and Russian
Established
In the USSR:
 - Since
 - Until		 March 12, 1922

December 30, 1922
December 5, 1936
Area
 - Total
 - Water (%)		 Ranked 4th in 1922 and 6th in 1929 in the USSR
186,100 km²
4.7%
Time zone UTC + 3 to + 5
Medals None

The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Armenian: Հայաստանի Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն; Azerbaijani: Загафгија Совет Федератив Сосиалист Республикасы Zaqafqaziya Sovet Federativ Sosialist Respublikası; Georgian: ამიერკავკასიის საბჭოთა ფედერაციული სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა; Russian: Закавказская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика [ЗСФСР] Zakavkazskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsalisticheskaya Respublika [ZSFSR]), also known as the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian SFSR and the TSFSR for short, was a short-lived republic, consisting of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan (traditionally known as the Transcaucasian Republics), that made up the former Soviet Union.

A map of the "Transcaucasian region" during the Soviet era.
A map of the "Transcaucasian region" during the Soviet era.

The republic's roots date back to the dissolution of the Russian Empire in 1917, during the Russian Revolution, when the provinces of the Caucasus seceded and attempted to form their own federal state called the Transcaucasian Federation. Competing national interests and war with Turkey led to the disbanding of the republic half a year later, in April 1918.

In the following years, the three constituent territories went through the civil war with heavy involvement of the Red Army, and emerged as Soviet Republics. In March 1922, the area was reunited as a union of Soviet republics. It was reorganized as a single republic in December of that year. In 1936, the republic was dissolved and the three regions became the Georgian, Armenian and Azerbaijan SSR respectively.

[edit] Stamps and postal history

2 gold kopecks value of 1923
2 gold kopecks value of 1923

Before 1923, each of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan issued its own postage stamps. The Federation began issuing its own stamps on September 15, 1923, and superseded the separate republics' issues on October 1. The first issues consisted of some of the stamps of Russia and Armenia overprinted with a star containing the five-letter acronym of the federation inside the points. Massive inflation having set in, this was followed by an issue of the Federation's own designs, four values of a view of oil fields, and four with a montage of Soviet symbols over mountains and oil derricks, values ranging from 40,000 to 500,000 rubles. The 40,000r and 75,000r were then surcharged to 700,000 rubles. On October 24, the stamps were re-issued with values from 1 to 18 gold kopecks. Starting in 1924, the Federation used stamps of the Soviet Union.

Most of the stamps of the Federation are not especially rare today, with 1998 prices in the US$1-2 range, although the overprints on Armenian stamps range up to US$200. As might be expected from a short period of usage, used stamps are less common than unused, and covers are not often seen.

[edit] Heads of State

Chairs of the Union Council Date Party
Nariman Narimanov Mar-Dec 1922 Communist Party of Azerbaijan
Polikarp Mdivani Mar-Dec 1922 Communist Party of Georgia
Aleksandr Myasnikyan Mar-Dec 1922 Communist Party of Armenia
Chairs of the Central Executive Committee Period For
Mikhail Tskhakaya (1x) 1922-1927 Georgia
Samad aga Aliyev 1922-1929 Azerbaijan
Sarkis Ambartsumyan 1922-1925 Armenia
Sarkis Kasyan 1927-1931 Armenia
Filipp Makharadze (1x) 1927-1928 Georgia
Mikhail Tskhakaya (2x) 1928-1931 Georgia
Gazanfar Musabekov 1929-1931 Azerbaijan
Filipp Makharadze (2x) 1931-1935 Georgia
Armenek Ananjan 1931-1935 Armenia
Sultan Majid Afandiyev 1931-1936 Azerbaijan
Sergo Martikiyan 1935-1936 Armenia
Aveli Enukidze Mar-May 1935 Georgia
Filipp Makharadze (3x) 1935-1936 Georgia

[edit] See also

v • d • e
Republics of the Soviet Union
Coat of arms of the Soviet Union