Tran Tu Binh
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Tran Tu Binh (Vietnamese: Trần Tử Bình [1]) (1907-1967) was a Vietnamese revolutionary who later became one of the first generals of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1948) and Vietnam’s Ambassador to People's Republic of China (1959-1967).
He was originally named Phạm Văn Phu. Later, during revolutionary time he changed his name into Trần Tử Bình (a name which means "man who can dies for peace"). He is most famous for being a leader of Phú Riềng Đỏ labor movement in 1930 and one of the most prominent diplomats of Vietnam, who worked as the Ambassador of Vietnam to China during period 1959-1967.
Honours and Awards
[edit] Biography
Tran Tu Binh was born in an all-Catholic village named Tieu Dong, Binh Luc District, Ha Nam Province in the Red River delta of northern Vietnam. His family was poor but the parents managed to scrape together enough money to enroll Tran Tu Binh at a seminary. At school, he was remembered as a brilliant but very restive and steady student. In 1926, because of participating in the public mourning the death of Phan Chu Trinh, a prominent Vietnamese scholar-patriot, and mobilizing the students and young people in the neighbourhood to protest against French colonial rule in Vietnam, Tran Tu Binh was expelled from the seminary. His parents and relatives were very much disappointed about it but the young man did not regret. He had a strong belief that what he did was an obligation of any responsible Vietnamese. At that moment, without yet knowing it, Tran Tu Binh joined the ranks of the young patriot intelligentsia, a group destined to play a critical role in modern Vietnamese history.
Early revolutionary years
In 1927 he signed up to labor on Michelin's Phu Rieng rubber plantation in the distant region of southern Vietnam Cochinchina. This decision was another blow to the family because, even without a school diploma, with his education Tran Tu Binh could have found a respectable job as a village clerk or landlord's agent. Again Tran Tu Binh was determined to break away, to seek adventure, to test his physical and spiritual powers in the totally unfamiliar land. This decision proved crucial for his entire life.
It is during this period working in Phu Rieng plantation that he first met communist revolutionaries and learned about the Marxist-Leninist ideology. In 1929 he joined the Indochina Communist Party. On 3rd February 1930 he became the Party Secretary of Phu Rieng and directly led a revolt of more than 5000 workers against the cruel French colonial exploitation at rubber plantation. The movement was repressed by French, Phu Rieng strike leaders were all imprisoned, nonetheless it forced the Michelin company to make certain changes to improve labor's working and living conditions. The Phu Rieng's labor movement 1930, also known as Phu Rieng Do, has become known as the first big labor movement in the history of Vietnam.
After the Phu Rieng Do incident French colonial government sentenced Tran Tu Binh to 10 years on the infamous Con Son prison island. In Con Dao he met many communist revolutionary leaders of Vietnam, i.e. Ton Duc Thang, Hoang Quoc Viet, Pham Van Dong, Le Van Luong, Pham Hung, Ha Huy Giap, Tran Xuan Do, Nguyen Van Phat and took advantage of this opportunity to improve his knowledge of communist ideology and nationalism.
Due to the movement by the Popular Front in 1936 the French colonial government was forced to release some political prisoners from Con Dao. Tran Tu Binh was one of them. After being amnestied from Con Dao he returned home to work as a clerk in Binh Luc District and secretly continued to take part in communist activities against French. From 1936-1940 Tran Tu Binh was appointed as communist party secretary of Binh Luc District and then party secretary of Ha Nam Province.
In 1940 he was elected by the communist party as a member of Northern Region (Tongkin) Committee (Xu Uy Bac Ky) and Commissar of Interregional Network C (including Ha Nam, Nam Đinh, Thai Binh, Ninh Binh Provinces) and network D (Vinh Phuc, Phuc Yen, Phu Tho, Tuyen Quang Provinces) in 1941 and 1943. He became one of the most wanted objects of French Gendarmerie in TongKing during 1940s.
On 24 December 1943 Tran Tu Binh was arrested again in Thai Binh Province and was imprisoned in Ha Nam Prison. In early 1944, after an unsuccessful attempt at jailbreak, he was sent to Hoa Lo Prison (Hanoi), where he became one of the organizers of a famous collective escape for over 100 political prisoners.
After he returned to the rear, Tran Tu Binh was appointed as a standing member of Xu Uy Bac Ky and was in charge of establishment and development of Hoa-Ninh-Thanh military base for the League for the Independence of Vietnam (Viet Minh).
On August 14, 1945, the Japanese surrendered to the Allies. The leaders of Viet Minh decided to act promptly to seize the power from the weak and helpless Tran Trong Kim’s pro-Japanese puppet government before the French returned. On 19th August 1945, Tran Tu Binh and Nguyen Khang, the two representatives of Xu Uy Bac Ky remained in Hanoi, directly commanded the general uprising in Hanoi and some neighboring provinces which lead to a start of the successful August Revolution of 1945.
Military and Political Career
After the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Tran Tu Binh was appointed as Vice Rector, Political Commissar of Tran Quoc Tuan Military Training Academy.
In 1947, he became Deputy Secretary of the General Political Department of Vietnamese People's Army. Late 1947, together with Le Thiet Hung, he successfully led the Vienamese military forces to a military victory at Song Lo front.
On 1st January 1948, Tran Tu Binh was honored to receive a rank of major general and became one of the first 11 generals of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam along with other outstanding military officers like Vo Nguyen Giap, Nguyen Son, Le Thiet Hung, Chu Van Tan, Hoang Sam, Hoàng Van Thai, Le Hien Mai, Van Tien Dung, Tran Dai Nghia, Nguyen Binh. In the same year he was appointed as Deputy Chief Inspector of the Vietnamese People's Army.
From 1950-1956 he served as Political Commissar of the Vietnam’s Ground Forces Officer Academy, which at that time was based in China. Since 1951 he was elected to be a representative of the Army Forces to the Third and Forth National Communist Party Congress and member of the National Assembly.
After the First Indochina War (1946-1954) general Tran Tu Binh was appointed as the Chief Inspector of the Army, Deputy Chief Inspector of the State. He served at these positions for two years (1956-1958) before moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs following the personal request of president Ho Chi Minh.
In 1959, Tran Tu Binh was appointed as the Ambassador of Vietnam to the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia. He worked as Ambassador in China for two terms (1959-1967), perfectly performed his duty and contributed greatly to the development of cooperative relations between China and Vietnam.
On 11th February 1967, he died at the age 60 due to hypertension in Hanoi. He was honoured to post-humously with Ho Chi Minh medal, the most noble medal of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, befitting his long service to the state and people of Vietnam.
[edit] External links
- The historical prison escape[2], Nhan Dan Newspaper
- "Phú Riềng Đỏ" (The Red Earth - Vietnamese Memoir of Life on a Colonial Rubber Plantation[3], Memoire of general Tran Tu Binh (1965) , translated into English and published by Ohio University Press, 1985.
- August Revolution: an inevitable path leading to the Nation-State [[4]]
- General, diplomat Tran Tu Binh gets posthumous Gold Star, Vietnamnews [5]
