Traffic wave

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Traffic waves, also called stop waves or traffic shocks, are travelling disturbances in the distribution of cars on a highway. Traffic waves usually travel backwards in relation to the motion of the cars themselves, or "upstream."^{[citation needed]} The waves can also travel downstream, but more commonly become "pinned" to a single spot on the road.^{[citation needed]} Traffic waves are a type of traffic jam. A deeper understanding of traffic waves is a goal of the physical study of traffic flow. When looking at traffic waves, the traffic itself can often be looked at in a manner of fluid dynamics. It has been said that by knowing how traffic waves are created, drivers can sometimes reduce their effects by increasing vehicle headways and reducing the use of brakes, ultimately alleviating traffic congestion for everyone in the area.