Toyota
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| Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki-gaisha トヨタ自動車株式会社 |
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 Moving Forward |
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| Type | Public (TYO: 7203, NYSE: TM, LSE: TYT) |
| Founded | 1937 |
| Founder | Kiichiro Toyoda |
| Headquarters |  Aichi, Nagoya and Tokyo, Japan |
| Key people | Kiichiro Toyoda (Founder), Fujio Cho (Chairman and Representative Director), Katsuhiro Nakagawa (Vice chairman and Representative Director), Katsuaki Watanabe (President and Representative Director), Shoichiro Toyoda (Honorary Chairman)[1] |
| Industry | Automotive Biotechnology |
| Products | Economy/mainstream vehicles |
| Revenue | ▲ USD $202.86 billion |
| Net income | ▲ USD $13.93 billion |
| Employees | 299,394[2] |
| Subsidiaries | 522 |
| Website | Toyota.co.jp |
Toyota Motor Corporation (トヨタ自動車株式会社 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki-gaisha?) is a multinational corporation headquartered in Japan, and currently is the world's largest automaker.[3][4] In terms of name recognition, Toyota is also the only car manufacturer to appear in the top 10 of the BrandZ name recognition ranking.
In 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product Type A engine and its first passenger car (the Toyota AA) in 1936. The company was founded in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles. Toyota also owns and operates Lexus and Scion brands and has a majority shareholding in Daihatsu Motors [5], and minority shareholdings in Fuji Heavy Industries, Isuzu Motors, and the engine, motorcycle and marine craft manufacturer Yamaha Motors. The company includes 522 subsidiaries.[6]
Toyota is headquartered in Aichi, Nagoya and in Tokyo. In addition to manufacturing automobiles, Toyota provides financial services through its division Toyota Financial Services and also creates robots. Toyota Industries and Finance divisions form the bulk of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world.
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[edit] History
In 1933, Toyoda Automatic Loom Works created a new division devoted to the production of automobiles under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda. Kiichiro Toyoda had traveled to Europe and the United States in 1929 to investigate automobile production and had begun researching gasoline-powered engines in 1930.[7] Toyoda Automatic Loom Works was encouraged to develop automobile production by the Japanese government, which needed domestic vehicle production partly due to the worldwide money shortage and partly due to the war with China.[8] In 1934, the division produced its first Type A Engine, which was used in the first Model A1 passenger car in May 1935 and the G1 truck in August 1935. Production of the Model AA passenger car started in 1936. Early vehicles bear a striking resemblance to the Dodge Power Wagon and Chevrolet, with some parts actually interchanging with their American originals.[8]
Although the Toyota Group is best known today for its cars, it is still in the textile business and still makes automatic looms, which are now computerized, and electric sewing machines which are available worldwide.
Toyota Motor Co. was established as an independent and separate company in 1937. Although the founding family's name is Toyoda (豊田), the company name was changed in order to signify the separation of the founders' work life from home life, to simplify the pronunciation, and to give the company a happy beginning. Toyota (トヨタ) is considered luckier than Toyoda (豊田) in Japan, where eight is regarded as a lucky number, and eight is the number of strokes it takes to write Toyota in katakana.[9] In Chinese, the company and its vehicles are still referred to by the equivalent characters (traditional Chinese: 豐田; simplified Chinese: 丰田; pinyin: fēng tián), with Chinese reading.
During the Pacific War (World War II) the company was dedicated to truck production for the Imperial Japanese Army. Because of severe shortages in Japan, military trucks were kept as simple as possible. For example, the trucks had only one headlight on the center of the hood. The war ended shortly before a scheduled Allied bombing run on the Toyota factories in Aichi.
After the war, commercial passenger car production started in 1947 with the model SA. In 1950, a separate sales company, Toyota Motor Sales Co., was established (which lasted until July 1982). In April 1956, the Toyopet dealer chain was established. The following year, the Toyota Crown became the first Japanese car to be exported to the United States and Toyota's American and Brazilian divisions, Toyota Motor Sales Inc. and Toyota do Brasil S.A., were also established.
Toyota began to expand in the 1960s with a new research and development facility, a presence in Thailand was established, the 10 millionth model was produced, a Deming Prize and partnerships with Hino Motors and Daihatsu were also established. The first Toyota built outside Japan was in April 1963, at Port Melbourne in Australia.[10] By the end of the decade, Toyota had established a worldwide presence, as the company had exported its one-millionth unit.
[edit] Company overview
The Toyota Motor Company was awarded its first Japanese Quality Control Award at the start 1970s and began participating in a wide variety of Motorsports. Due to the 1973 oil crisis consumers in the lucrative U.S. market began turning to small cars with better fuel economy. American car manufacturers had considered small economy cars to be an "entry level" product, and their small vehicles were not made to a high level of quality in order to keep the price low. Japanese customers, however, had a long-standing tradition of demanding small fuel-efficient cars that were manufactured to a high level of quality. Because of this, companies like Toyota, Honda, and Nissan established a strong and growing presence in North America in the 1970s.
In 1982, the Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales merged into one company, the Toyota Motor Corporation. Two years later, Toyota entered into a joint venture with GM called NUMMI, the New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc, operating an automobile manufacturing plant in Fremont, California. The factory was an old General Motors plant that had been closed for several years. Toyota then started to establish new brands at the end of the 1980s, with the launch of their luxury division Lexus in 1989.
In the 1990s Toyota began to branch out from producing mostly compact cars by adding many larger and more luxurious vehicles to its lineup, including a full sized pickup, the T100 (and later the Toyota Tundra), several lines of SUVs, a sport version of the Camry, known as the Camry Solara, and the Scion brand, a group of several affordable, yet sporty, automobiles targeted specifically to young adults. Toyota also began production of the world's best selling hybrid car, the Toyota Prius, in 1997.
With a major presence with Europe, due to the success of Toyota Team Europe, the corporation decided to set up TMME, Toyota Motor Europe Marketing & Engineering, to help market vehicles in the continent. Two years later, Toyota set up a base in the United Kingdom, TMUK, as the company's cars had become very popular among British drivers. Bases in Indiana, Virginia and Tianjin were also set up. In 1999, the company decided to list itself on the New York and London Stock Exchange.
In 2001, Toyota's Toyo Trust and Banking merged to form the UFJ, United Financials of Japan, which was accused of corruption by the Japan's government for making bad loans to alleged Yakuza crime syndicates with executives accused of blocking Financial Service Agency inspections.[11] The UFJ was listed among Fortune Magazine's largest money-losing corporations in the world, with Toyota's chairman serving as a director.[12] At the time, the UFJ was one of the largest shareholders of Toyota. As a result of Japan's banking crisis, the UFJ was merged again to become Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group.
In 2002, Toyota managed to enter a Formula One works team and establish joint ventures with French motoring companies Citroën and Peugeot, a year after Toyota started producing cars in France.
On December 7, 2004, a U.S. press release was issued stating that Toyota would be offering Sirius Satellite Radios. However, as late as Jan. 27, 2007, Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite radio kits were not available for Toyota factory radios.[citation needed] While the press release enumerated nine models, only limited availability existed at the dealer level in the U.S. As of 2008, all Toyota and Scion models have either standard or available XM radio kits. Major Lexus dealerships have been offering satellite radio kits for Lexus vehicles since 2005, in addition to factory-equipped satellite radio models.
In 2007, Toyota released an update of its full size truck, the Toyota Tundra, produced in two American factories, one in Texas and one in Indiana. "Motor Trend" named the Tundra "Truck of the Year," and the 2007 Toyota Camry "Car of the Year" for 2007. It also began the construction of two new factories, one to build the Toyota Rav4 in Woodstock, Ontario and the other to build the Toyota Highlander in Blue Springs, Mississippi.
[edit] Toyota philosophy
Toyota's management philosophy has evolved from the company's origins and has been reflected in the terms "Lean Manufacturing" and Just In Time Production, which it was instrumental in developing.[13] The Toyota Way has four components: 1) Long-term thinking as a basis for management decisions, 2) a process for problem-solving, 3) adding value to the organization by developing its people, and 4) recognizing that continuously solving root problems drives organizational learning[14]. The Toyota Way incorporates the Toyota Production System.
[edit] The Toyota Production System
Toyota has long been recognized as an industry leader in manufacturing and production. Three stories of its origin have been found, one that they studied Piggly-Wiggly's just-in-time distribution system, one that they followed the writings of W. Edwards Deming, and one that they were given the principles from an Army training program. It is possible that all are true. Regardless of the origin, the principles, described in Toyota's management philosophy, The Toyota Way, are as follows:
- Base your management decisions on a long-term philosophy, even at the expense of short-term goals
- Create continuous process flow to bring problems to the surface
- Use “pull” systems to avoid overproduction
- Level out the workload
- Build a culture of stopping to fix problems, to get quality right the first time
- Standardized tasks are the foundation for continuous improvement and employee empowerment
- Use visual control so no problems are hidden
- Use only reliable, thoroughly tested technology that serves your people and processes
- Grow leaders who thoroughly understand the work, live the philosophy, and teach it to others
- Develop exceptional people and teams who follow your company’s philosophy
- Respect your extended network of partners and suppliers by challenging them and helping them improve
- Go and see for yourself to thoroughly understand the situation (genchi genbutsu)
- Make decisions slowly by consensus, thoroughly considering all options; implement decisions rapidly
- Become a learning organization through relentless reflection and continuous improvement
[edit] Operations
Toyota has grown to a large multinational corporation from where it started and expanded to different worldwide markets and countries by becoming the largest seller of cars in the beginning of 2007, the most profitable automaker ($11 billion in 2006) along with increasing sales in, among other countries, the United States. The world headquarters of Toyota are located in its home country in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. Its subsidiary, Toyota Financial Services sells financing and participates in other lines of business. Toyota brands include Scion and Lexus and the corporation is part of the Toyota Group. Toyota also owns majority stakes in Daihatsu, and 8.7% of Fuji Heavy Industries, which manufactures Subaru vehicles. They also acquired 5.9% of Isuzu Motors Ltd. on November 7, 2006 and will be introducing Isuzu diesel technology into their products.
Toyota has introduced new technologies including one of the first mass-produced hybrid gas-electric vehicles, of which it says it has sold 1 million globally (2007-06-07) [15], Advanced Parking Guidance System (automatic parking), a four-speed electronically controlled automatic with buttons for power and economy shifting, and an eight-speed automatic transmission. Toyota, and Toyota-produced Lexus and Scion automobiles, consistently rank near the top in certain quality and reliability surveys, primarily J.D. Power and Consumer Reports.[16]
In 2005, Toyota, combined with its half-owned subsidiary Daihatsu Motor Company, produced 8.54 million vehicles, about 500,000 fewer than the number produced by GM that year. Toyota has a large market share in the United States, but a small market share in Europe. Its also sells vehicles in Africa and is a market leader in Australia. Due to its Daihatsu subsidiary it has significant market shares in several fast-growing Southeast Asian countries.[17]
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In the Fortune Global 500, Toyota Motor is the 6th largest company in the world. Since the recession of 2001, it has gained market share in the United States. Toyota's market share struggles in Europe where its Lexus brand has three tenths of one percent market share, compared to nearly two percent market share as the U.S. luxury segment leader.
In the first three months of 2007, Toyota together with its half-owned subsidiary Daihatsu reported number one sales of 2.348 million units. Toyota's brand sales had risen 9.2% largely on demand for Corolla and Camry sedans. The difference in performance was largely attributed to surging demand for fuel-efficient vehicles. In November 2006, Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas added a facility in San Antonio. [18] Toyota has experienced quality problems and was reprimanded by the government in Japan for its recall practices.[19] Toyota currently maintains over 16% of the US market share and is listed second only to GM in terms of volume. [20] Toyota Century is the official state car of the Japanese imperial family, namely for the Emperor of Japan Akihito.
[edit] Worldwide presence
Toyota has factories all over the world, manufacturing or assembling vehicles for local markets, including the Corolla. Toyota has manufacturing or assembly plants in Japan, Australia, India, Canada, Indonesia, Poland, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Brazil, and more recently Pakistan, Argentina, Czech Republic, Mexico, Malaysia, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Venezuela, the Philippines, and Russia.
In 2002, Toyota initiated the "Innovative International Multi-purpose vehicle" project (IMV) to optimize global manufacturing and supply systems for pickup trucks and multipurpose vehicles, and to satisfy market demand in more than 140 countries worldwide. IMV called for diesel engines to be made in Thailand, gasoline engines in Indonesia and manual transmissions in the Philippines, for supply to the countries charged with vehicle production. For vehicle assembly, Toyota would use plants in Thailand, Indonesia, Argentina and South Africa. These four main IMV production and export bases supply Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania, Latin America and the Middle East with three IMV vehicles: The Toyota Hilux (Vigo), the Toyota Fortuner, and the Toyota Innova.[21]
Toyota has invested considerably into cleaner-burning vehicles such as the Toyota Prius, based on technology such as the Hybrid Synergy Drive. In 2002, Toyota successfully road-tested a new version of the RAV4 which ran on a Hydrogen fuel cell. Scientific American called the company its Business Brainwave of the Year in 2003 for commercializing an affordable hybrid car.
[edit] Toyota North America
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Toyota North America headquarters is located in New York City and operates at a holding company level in North America. Its manufacturing headquarters is located in Erlanger, Kentucky, and is known as Toyota Motor Engineering and Manufacturing North America, or TEMA.
Toyota has a large presence in the United States with five major assembly plants in Huntsville, Alabama; Georgetown, Kentucky; Princeton, Indiana; San Antonio, Texas; Buffalo, West Virginia; and a new one being built in Blue Springs, Mississippi. Toyota also has a joint-venture operation with General Motors at New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. (NUMMI), in Fremont, CA, which began in 1984, and with Subaru at Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc. (SIA), in Lafayette, IN, which started in 2006. Production on a new manufacturing plant in Tupelo, Mississippi is scheduled for completion in 2010; it will be producing the Toyota Highlander. North America is a major automobile market for Toyota. In these assembly plants, the Toyota Camry and the 2007 Toyota Tundra are manufactured, among others. Toyota uses a number of slogans in its American TV commercials such as It's time to move forward, Smart way to keep moving forward, or Moving forward. It has started producing larger trucks, such as the new Toyota Tundra, to go after the large truck market in the United States. Toyota is also pushing hybrid vehicles in the US such as the Toyota Prius, Toyota Camry Hybrid, Highlander Hybrid, and various Lexus products. Toyota has sold more hybrids vehicles in the country than any other manufacturer. Toyota is a public corporation and the company is traded at the Tokyo Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange as a stock.Toyota also sponsors Chivas de Guadalajara.
[edit] United States employees and investments
Toyota directly employed around 34,675 people in the United States, invested USD $15.5 billion, produced 1.2 million vehicles using US and foreign auto parts, sold 2.54 million vehicles, and donated USD $340 million to nonprofits. [22] It has in total 10 plants, USD $2.9 billion per year payroll, purchased USD $28 billion in parts and supplies from 30 states. It created around 386,000 jobs in the United States as result of Toyota's spending and demand from suppliers. It celebrated its 70th year anniversary in the United States in 2007 [23].
[edit] Online
The domain toyota.com attracted at least 30 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com survey.
[edit] Hybrid technology
Toyota is one of the largest companies to push hybrid vehicles in the market and the first to commercially mass-produce and sell such vehicles, an example being the Toyota Prius. The company eventually began providing this option on the main smaller cars such as Camry and later with the Lexus divisions, producing some hybrid luxury vehicles. It labeled such technology in Toyota cars as "Hybrid Synergy Drive" and in Lexus versions as "Lexus Hybrid Drive."
The Prius has become the top selling hybrid car in America. Toyota, as a brand, now has three hybrid vehicles in its lineup: the Prius, Highlander, and Camry. The popular minivan Toyota Sienna is scheduled to join the hybrid lineup by 2010, and by 2030 Toyota plans to offer its entire lineup of cars, trucks, and SUVs with a Hybrid Synergy Drive option.
The Hybrid Synergy drive is the most widely rolled-out environment-friendly system in the automotive industry to date. More than 1,000,000 units have been sold. Toyota's CEO has committed to making every car of Toyota a hybrid vehicle eventually (though all hybrid versions may not be sold in the U.S.).[24][25] .
Lexus also has their own hybrid lineup, consisting of the GS 450h, RX 400h, and launched in 2007, the LS 600h/LS 600h L.
[edit] Plug-in hybrids
After General Motors announced it would produce the Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid, Toyota announced that it, too, would make one. [26] Toyota is currently testing its "Toyota Plug-in HV' in Japan, the United States, and Europe. Like GM's Volt, it uses a lithium-ion battery pack. The PHEV could have a lower environmental impact than existing hybrids. [27][28]
[edit] Toyota Trucks
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The Toyota Tundra is a full-size pickup truck sold by Toyota that originally went into production in 1999 (as a 2000 model year model), Currently, the Tundra has been on the market for more than half a decade, and has captured 17 percent of the full-size half-ton market.
The all new Tundra is assembled in two different locations, both inside the United States. The Standard and Double Cabs are assembled in "Truck Country" San Antonio, Texas, while the Crew Max are assembled in Gibson County, Indiana. Toyota Motor Company assembled around 150,000 Standard and Double Cabs, and only 70,000 Crew Max's in 2007.
[edit] Motorsport
Toyota is active in the motorsports and sponsors such events through their cars among others.
[edit] Non-automotive activities
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[edit] Philanthropy
Toyota is supporter of Toyota Family Literacy Programme along with National Center for Family Literacy, helping low-income community members for education, United Negro College Fund (40 annual scholarships), National Underground Railroad Freedom Center ($1 million) among others[29]. Toyota created Toyota USA Foundation.
[edit] Higher education
Toyota established the Toyota Technological Institute in 1981, as Sakichi Toyoda had planned to establish a university as soon as he and Toyota became successful. Toyota Technological Institute founded the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago in 2003. Toyota is supporter of "Toyota Driving Expectations Program," "Toyota Youth for Understanding Summer Exchange Scholarship Program," "Toyota International Teacher Program," "Toyota TAPESTRY," "Toyota Community Scholars" (scholarship for high school students), "United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Internship Program," and "Toyota Funded Scholarship."[30] It has contributed to number of local education and scholarship programs such as to University of Kentucky, Indiana, etc.[30]
[edit] Robotics
Toyota has been developing multitask robots destined for elderly care, manufacturing, and entertainment.
[edit] Finance
Toyota Financial Services Corporation provides financing to Toyota customers.
[edit] Agricultural biotechnology
Toyota invests in several small start-up businesses and partnerships in biotechnology, including:
- P.T. Toyota Bio Indonesia in Lampung, Indonesia
- Australian Afforestation Pty. Ltd. in Western Australia and Southern Australia
- Toyota Floritech Co., Ltd. in Rokkasho-Mura, Kamikita District, Aomori Prefecture
- Sichuan Toyota Nitan Development Co., Ltd. in Sichuan, China
- Toyota Roof Garden Corporation in Miyoshi-Cho, Aichi Prefecture
[edit] Manufacturing facilities
Toyota has many manufacturing facilities around the world.
[edit] Numbers
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[edit] Toyota core segment in the market
Hybrids are viewed by some automakers as a core segment of the future vehicle market.[31]
[edit] TRD
Toyota Racing Development was brought about to help develop true high performance racing parts for many Toyota vehicles. TRD has often had much success with their after market tuning parts, as well as designing technology for vehicles used in all forms of racing.
[edit] Financial information
Toyota is publicly traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange under number 7203 (first section). Also on NYSE under NYSE: TM. Toyota reports on its consolidated financial statements 540 consolidated subsidiaries and 226 affiliates.
- Toyota Motor North America (100% - 2004)
- Toyota Tsusho - Trading company for the Toyota Group
- Toyota Canada Inc. owned via Toyota Motor North America
- Daihatsu Motor Company (51.2% - March 31, 2006)
- DENSO (24.74% - September 30, 2006)
- Toyota Industries (23.51% - March 31, 2006
- Aisin Seiki Co. (23.0% - September 30, 2006)
- Fuji Heavy Industries (8.69% - September 30, 2006)
- PT Toyota Astra Motor (49% - 2003)
- PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (95% - 2003)
[edit] Accounting Ratios
| + Toyota Motor Corporation Accounting Ratios | ||||||
| Fiscal Year[32] | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fiscal Year End Date | 3/31/07 | 3/31/06 | 3/31/05 | 3/31/04 | 3/31/03 | 3/31/02 |
| Receivables Turnover | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 2.5 | |
| Receivables - Number of Days | 93.8 | 93.3 | 114.2 | 139.0 | 129.6 | |
| Inventory Turnover | 10.7 | 11.6 | 11.8 | 10.9 | 11.1 | |
| Inventory - Number of Days | 33.5 | 31.2 | 30.5 | 33.1 | 32.3 | |
| Gross Property, Plant & Equipment Turnover | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | |
| Net Property, Plant & Equipment Turnover | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.8 | |
| Depreciation, Depletion & Amortization - | ||||||
| % of Gross Property, Plant & Equipment | 7.6% | 7.1% | 7.3% | 6.3% | 6.1% | |
| Depreciation, Depletion & Amortization - | ||||||
| Year to Year Change (Japanese Yen) | 21,346.5 | 2,780.9 | 11,827.0 | 4,802.7 | 5,385.5 | |
| Depreciation, Depletion & Amortization - | ||||||
| Year to Year % Change | 21.4% | 2.9% | 13.9% | 6.0% | 7.2% |
[edit] Outcomes
Toyota is now the world’s largest automaker in terms of net worth, revenue, and profits. According to Stephen Spier, Toyota has been an industry leader since the 1960s and has consistently been more productive than its competitors. The company has been widely recognized for the quality of its products and production systems:
| “ | In 2001, Toyota continued to maintain industry leadership. Consumer Reports rated Toyota models first in four of ten product categories. In a separate 2001 study of initial quality, J.D. Power and Associates rated Toyota and Lexus products first in 7 of 16 product categories. Toyota’s Kyushu car plant was rated the best in the world, with Toyota’s Tahara car plant second in Asia and the Kyushu truck plant third. In North America, Toyota’s Cambridge Ontario plant was first, and the Georgetown Kentucky truck plant tied for second. Despite industry-wide difficulties, Toyota’s market share and capitalization continued to grow. Worker involving, problem-solving processes at the NUMMI plant, specifically, a TPS-managed joint venture with General Motors, were a source of performance superiority.[33] | ” |
[edit] Environmental Record
The Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) implemented its Fourth Environmental Action Plan in 2005. The plan contains four major themes involving the environment and the corporation's development, design, production, and sales. The five-year plan is directed at the, "arrival of a revitalized recycling-based society."[34] Toyota had previously released its Eco-Vehicle Assessment System (Eco-VAS) which is a systematic life cycle assessment of the effect a vehicle will have on the environment including production, usage, and disposal. The assessment includes, "... fuel efficiency, emissions and noise during vehicle use, the disposal recovery rate, the reduction of substances of environmental concern, and CO2 emissions throughout the life cycle of the vehicle from production to disposal."[35] 2008 marks the ninth year for Toyota's Environmental Activities Grant Program which has been implemented every year since 2000. Themes of the 2008 program consist of "Global Warming Countermeasures" and "Biodiversity Conservation." [36]
Since October 2006, Toyota's new Japanese-market vehicle models with automatic transmissions are equipped with an Eco Drive Indicator. The system takes into consideration rate of acceleration, engine and transmission efficiency, and speed. When the vehicle is operated in a fuel-efficient manner, the Eco Drive Indicator on the instrument panel lighst up. Individual results vary depending on traffic issues, starting and stopping the vehicle, and total distance traveled, but the Eco Drive Indicator may improve fuel efficiency by as much as 4%.[37] Along with Toyota's eco-friendly objectives on production and use, the company plans to donate $1 million and five vehicles to the Everglades National Park. The money will be used to fund environmental programs at the park. This donation is part of a program which provides $5 million and 23 vehicles for five national parks and the National Parks Foundation. [38]
Despite its many environmental advances, corporate watchdog Corporate Accountability International (CAI) selected the Toyota Motor Corporation as one of its nominees (along with Archer Daniels Midland, Countrywide, Mattel, Nestle, Blackwater, Wal-Mart, and Wendy’s) for its 2008 “Corporate Hall of Shame” elections. CAI states that Toyota is contributing to inaction on global warming. The watchdog group claims that "the company has hypocritically crafted an image as a corporate ally in the fight against climate change while working behind the scenes to stop greenhouse gas mandates from becoming law." The group points out that Toyota, has opposed “clean cars” legislation in many U.S. states, and is employing "aggressive lobbying efforts" to prevent legislation to limit gas-guzzling vehicles by 2020.[39]
According to CAI, despite the green image surrounding the Prius, the company's hybrid sales are only part of its story. Toyota also produces the 14-mile-per-gallon (mpg) Tundra pickup truck and other “gas guzzlers” which lower the company’s fleet-wide fuel efficiency to "levels below what they were several decades ago."[39]
[edit] See also
- The Toyota Group
- List of Toyota vehicles
- List of Toyota engines
- List of Toyota transmissions
- Toyota automobile collectibles
- Toyota Production System
- Toyota Center, a sports arena in Houston, Texas where the company owns naming rights
- Australian Motor Industries
- Toyota Australia
- Électricité de France
[edit] Notes
- ^ TOYOTA: Company > Company Profile
- ^ Toyota Motor Corporation Company Profile - Yahoo! Finance
- ^ G.M. Says Toyota Has Lead in Global Sales Race - New York Times
- ^ Toyota Claims World's Best-Selling Automaker Title - U.S. News Rankings and Reviews
- ^ http://www.hino.co.jp/e/pressrelease/press.htmhl
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Toyota Company History from 1867 to 1939
- ^ a b Toyota corporate history/Toyoland
- ^ "Toyota Names President Outside Founding Family", Andrew Pollack, The New York Times, August 11, 1995
- ^ Historic Toyota Port Melbourne Plant Ends Operations (AU)
- ^ Ex-UFJ Execs.Japan Times Weekly: April 30, 2005.
- ^ UFJ Holdings Inc., company profile Yahoo Finance. Retrieved on May 8, 2007.
- ^ Strategos-International. Toyota Production System and Lean Manufacturing.
- ^ Liker, J. 2004. "The 14 Principles of the Toyota Way: An Executive Summary of the Culture Behind TPS", p. 37. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan. Retrieved: 2008-03-25
- ^ "Toyota tops 1 million in hybrid sales"
- ^ Consumer reports lists Toyota as having the most reliable cars
- ^ Toyota's plan for Lexus is a reminder of its real goal (August 1, 2005). Financial Times, p. 16.
- ^ "Toyota Surpasses GM in Global Sales in First Quarter (Update3)", Bloomberg.com, 24 April 2007
- ^ Vella, Matt (July 17, 2006).The Most recalled Cars Business Week Online at Yahoo News.
- ^ G.M. narrows sales gap with Toyota on non-U.S. demand - Salt Lake Tribune
- ^ TOYOTA: IMV Project. Toyota. Retrieved on 2008-02-29.
- ^ About Toyota: Operations -- Toyota by the Numbers
- ^ 50th
- ^ A New Year's Greeting from Toyota President Katsuaki Watanabe
- ^ "Toyota patents"
- ^ Planet Ark : Toyota to Offer Some Plug-Ins by 2010
- ^ TOYOTA: Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle
- ^ Report Toyota PHEV Road Test in Japan + Possible Unveiling in Fall
- ^ http://www.toyota.com/about/diversity/2001/philanthropy.html
- ^ a b http://www.toyota.com/about/community/education/index.html
- ^ http://www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070416/REG/70416014/-1
- ^ CorporateInformation Snapshot of Toyota Motor Corporation
- ^ Spear, Steven J. (August 2002) Just-in-Time in practice at Toyota: Rules-in-Use for building self-diagnostic, adaptive work-systems. HBS Working paper: 02-043. Retrieved on: March 25, 2008.
- ^ Toyota Outlines Fourth Toyota Environmental Action Plan japancorp.net May 13, 2005 retrieved April 30, 2008
- ^ Toyota Unveils "Eco-VAS" for Environmental Assessment Japan's Corporate News June 16, 2003 retrieved 30 April 2008
- ^ Toyota Environmental Activities Grant Program Accepting Applications Japan's Corporate News Apr 25, 2008 retrieved 30 April 2008
- ^ Toyota to Introduce Eco Drive Indicator; New Feature Aims to Encourage Environmentally Considerate Driving JCN Newswire Sept 29, 2006 retrieved 30 April 2008
- ^ Toyota Announces Million Dollar Donation to Everglades National Park. cnn.money May 06, 2008 retrieved same day
- ^ a b Rizvi, Haider (March 24, 2008) Watchdog Group Names Top Corporate Abusers
[edit] References
- 2005 Toyota Highlander Hybrid. Retrieved January 11, 2004 from CanadianDriver Communications, Inc. (2004)
- Toyota up close Sales figures of Toyota.
- Toyota becomes 3rd ranked US automaker behind GM and Ford Bloomberg Report.
- Consumer Reports reverses practice of automatically recommending all new Toyota cars and trucks, Oct 16, 2007 ("Consumer Reports will no longer recommend any new or redesigned Toyota-built models without reliability data on a specific design," the publication said in a statement. "Previously, new and redesigned models were recommended because of the automaker's excellent track record.")
[edit] External links
- Toyota Owners Group Norway (Forum)
- Toyota Klub (pl)
- Toyota Motor official global site, in English
- Toyota Motor official global site, in Japanese
- Toyota Safety Brand site
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| Type | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Model year | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| Subcompact | Tercel | Tercel | Tercel | Tercel | Tercel | Echo | Yaris | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Starlet | Corolla FX | Paseo | Paseo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corolla E70 | Corolla E80 | Corolla E90 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compact | Corona | Camry | Corolla E100 | Corolla E110 | Corolla E120 | Corolla E140/E150 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Matrix | Matrix | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prius | Prius | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-size | Cressida | Camry | Camry | Camry | Camry | Camry | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Camry Hybrid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Camry Solara | Camry Solara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full-size | Cressida | Cressida | Cressida | Avalon | Avalon | Avalon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sport compact | Corolla GT-S | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Celica | Celica | Celica | Celica | Celica | Celica | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sports | Celica Supra | Celica Supra | Supra | Supra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Roadster | MR2 | MR2 | MR2 Spyder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Type | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
| Crossover | Venza | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compact SUV | RAV4 | RAV4 | RAV4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RAV4 EV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FJ Cruiser | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-size SUV | Highlander | Highlander | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Highlander Hybrid | Highlander Hybrid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4Runner | 4Runner | 4Runner | 4Runner | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full-size SUV | Land Cruiser | Land Cruiser | Land Cruiser | Land Cruiser | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequoia | Sequoia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minivan | Toyota Van | Previa | Sienna | Sienna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pickup | Toyota Pickup | Toyota Pickup | Toyota Pickup | Tacoma | Tacoma | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| T100 | Tundra | Tundra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Type | 1990s | 2000s | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
| Compact | IS | IS | ||||||||||||||||||
| IS-F | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-size | ES | ES | ES | ES | ES | |||||||||||||||
| GS | GS | GS | ||||||||||||||||||
| Full-size | LS | LS | LS | LS | ||||||||||||||||
| Crossover | RX | RX | ||||||||||||||||||
| RX Hybrid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| SUV | GX | |||||||||||||||||||
| LX | LX | LX | ||||||||||||||||||
| Coupe | SC | SC | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Type | 2000s | |||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
| Subcompact | xA | xD | ||||||||
| xB | ||||||||||
| Compact | xB | |||||||||
| Coupe | tC | |||||||||
| Concept cars: bbX · ccX · t2B · Fuse · Hako Coupe | ||||||||||
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