Touro Synagogue
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| Touro Synagogue National Historic Site | |
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| IUCN Category V (Protected Landscape/Seascape) | |
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| Location | Newport, Rhode Island, USA |
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| Area | 0.23 acre (930 m²) |
| Established | March 5, 1946 |
| Governing body | Touro Synagogue Foundation |
The Touro Synagogue is a synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island that is the oldest surviving Jewish synagogue building in North America and the only surviving synagogue in the U.S. dating to the colonial era.
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[edit] History
It was designed by the noted British-Colonial era architect and Rhode Island resident, Peter Harrison, and is considered his most notable work. The interior is flanked by a series of twelve Ionic columns supporting balconies. The columns signify the twelve tribes of ancient Israel. Each column is carved from a single tree. Located at 85 Touro Street, the Touro Synagogue remains an active Orthodox synagogue. The building is oriented to face east towards Jerusalem. The ark containing the Torah is on the east wall; above it is a mural representing the Ten Commandments in Hebrew. It was painted by the Newport artist Benjamin Howland.
The Touro Synagogue was built from 1759 to 1763, for the Jeshuat Israel congregation in Newport under the leadership of Cantor (Chazzan) Isaac Touro. The cornerstone was laid by Aaron Lopez, a prominent Newport slave trader.[1] The Jeshuat Israel congregation itself dates back to 1658, when fifteen Spanish and Portuguese Jewish families arrived, probably from the West Indies and many settled near Easton's Point.[2] The synagogue was formally dedicated on 2 December 1763. Other notable leaders included Henry Samuel Morais (1900–01).
In 1790, the community wrote to George Washington, expressing its support for his administration and its good wishes for him. He sent a letter in response, which read in part:
- ...the Government of the United States...gives to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance...May the children of the Stock of Abraham, who dwell in this land, continue to merit and enjoy the good will of the other Inhabitants; while every one shall sit in safety under his own vine and figtree, and there shall be none to make him afraid. May the father of all mercies scatter light and not darkness in our paths, and make us all in our several vocations useful here, and in his own due time and way everlastingly happy."[2]
The city of Newport faded in importance, shortly after American independence, after the capital of Rhode Island moved to Providence, which rapidly also surpassed Newport as a seaport. The Jewish community, too small to maintain a synagogue, gave the keys and deed to the building to Congregation Shearith Israel in New York, which still formally owns the Touro synagogue. Jewish life in Newport revived with the late nineteenth century emigration of eastern European Jews to the Unites States.
The son of the synagogue's eighteenth century cantor, Isaac Touro and his wife, Reyna, Judah Touro, had made a fortune as a merchant in New Orleans. He left $10,000 in his will for the upkeep of the Jewish cemetery and synagogue in Newport.
A legend exists that the trap door under the tebáh (bimah) was used while the synagogue was a stop on the Underground Railroad. This is unfounded.
In 1946, Touro Synagogue was designated a National Historic Site, and is an affiliated area of the National Park Service. The synagogue was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, on October 15, 1966. In 2001, the congregation joined into a partnership with the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
[edit] Images
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[edit] Notes
- ^ Pencak, William (2005). Jews & Gentiles in Early America: 1654–1800. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press., pg. 92, 95 ISBN 0-472-11454-9.
- ^ [1] Letter of George Washington to the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Touro Synagogue (Official website)
- Touro Synagogue National Historic Site (National Park Service profile)
- News on Touro Synagogue
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