Total electron content
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Total electron content (TEC) is an important descriptive quantity for the ionosphere of the Earth. TEC is the total number of electrons present along a path between two points, with units of electrons per square meter, where 1016 electrons/m² = 1 TEC unit (TECU).
TEC is significant in determining scintillation and group delay of a radio wave through a medium. Ionospheric TEC is characterized by observing carrier phase delays of received radio signals transmitted from satellites located above the ionosphere, often using Global Positioning System satellites. TEC is strongly affected by solar activity.
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