Topic marker
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A topic marker is a grammatical particle found in the Japanese and Korean languages used to mark the topic of a sentence. This often overlaps with the subject of the sentence, causing confusion with learners, as most other languages lack it. However, it differs from a subject in that it puts more emphasis on the item and can be used with words in other roles as well.
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[edit] Japanese: は
The topic marker is one of the many Japanese particles. It is written with the hiragana は, which is normally pronounced ha, but when used as a particle it is pronounced wa. It is placed after whatever is to be marked as the topic. If what is to be the topic would have had が (ga), the subject marker, or を ((w)o), the direct object marker, as its particle, those are replaced by は. Other particles (for example: に, と, or で) stay, and は is placed after them.
The English phrase "as for" is often used to convey the connotation of は, though in many cases it sounds unnatural if used in English. It does, however, convey some senses of the particle, one of which is marking changing topics. If you were just talking about someone else, and you switched to yourself, you should say 私は (watashi wa), "as for me...". After that, it wouldn't be necessary to mention again that you were talking about yourself.
[edit] Example
Here are some examples of its use: In the following example, "car" (車 kuruma) is the subject, and it is marked as the topic. Notice how the が that would normally be there to mark it as the subject has been replaced by は. The topic normally goes at the beginning of the clause.
| 車 | は | 新しい | です。 |
| kuruma | wa | atarashii | desu. |
| car | [topic marker] | new | is. |
| (The) car is new. | |||
In the next example, "now" (今 ima) is an adverb, and would normally have no particle, but it is marked as the topic for emphasis.
| 今 | は | 車 | が | 新しい | です。 |
| ima | wa | kuruma | ga | atarashii | desu. |
| now | [topic marker] | car | [subject marker] | new | is. |
| Now (the) car is new. | |||||
[edit] See also
[edit] Korean: 는/은
In Korean, 는 (neun) and 은 (eun) function similarly to the Japanese topic marker. 는 (neun) is used after words that end in a vowel and 은 (eun) is used after words that end in a consonant.
