Tommaso Ugi di Siena
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Tommaso Ugi di Siena was a 14th century Italian adventurer, native of the city of Siena in Italy. He resided at the court of the Mongol Ilkhanid ruler Oljeitu in the Persian capital of Tabriz, where he held the high position of Ildüchi, "Sword bearer", for Oljeitu.[1] Other adventurers, such as Buscarello de Ghizolfi or Isol the Pisan, are known to have played similar roles at the Mongol court. Hundreds such Western adventurers entered into the service of Mongol rulers.[2]
In 1307, Tommaso led a Mongol embassy sent by Oljeitu to European monarchs. This embassy encouraged Pope Clement V to speak in 1307 of the strong possibility that the Mongols could remit the Holy Land to the Christians, and to declare that the Mongol embassy from Oljeitu "cheered him like spiritual sustenance".[3] Relations were quite warm: in 1307, the Pope named John of Montecorvino the first Archbishop of Khanbalik and Patriarch of the Orient.[4]
The embassy further promissed the delivery of between 100,000 to 200,000 horses to the Crusaders upon their arrival in the Holy Land.[5]
European nations accordingly prepared a crusade, but were delayed. A memorandum drafted by the Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers Guillaume de Villaret about military plans for a Crusade envisaged a Mongol invasion of Syria as a preliminary to a Western intervention (1307/8).[6] A corps of Frank mangonel specialists is known to have accompanied the Ilkhanid army in the conquest of Herat in 1307.[7]
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Tommasso is mentionned as such in a letter by Pope Nicholas IV recognizing the role of Westeners at the Ilkhanid court. In Jean-Richard, p.469
- ^ Roux, p.410
- ^ Peter Jackson, The Mongols and the West, p.171
- ^ Foltz, p.131
- ^ Jackson, p.178
- ^ Peter Jackson, p.185
- ^ Peter Jackson, The Mongols and the West, p.315
[edit] References
- Foltz, Richard (2000). "Religions of the Silk Road : overland trade and cultural exchange from antiquity to the fifteenth century". New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0-312-23338-8.
- Jackson, Peter, The Mongols and the West, Pearson Education Ltd, ISBN 0582368960
- Roux, Jean-Paul, Histoire de l'Empire Mongol, Fayard, ISBN 2213031649
