Tina language

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Tina
Spoken in: Philippines 
Region: Zambales, Olongapo, Metro Manila, Palawan
Total speakers: ~70,000[1]
Language family: Austronesian
 Malayo-Polynesian
  Borneo-Philippines
   Central Luzon
    Sambalic
     Tina 
Official status
Official language in: none
Regulated by: Commission on the Filipino Language
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: phi
ISO 639-3: xsb
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Tina is a Sambalic language spoken by approximately 70,000 (SIL 2000) Sambal, primarily in the Zambaleño municipalities of Santa Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, and Iba in the Philippines; speakers can also be found in Quezon, Palawan.

Contents

[edit] Phonology

Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See Help:IPA for a pronunciation key.

Tina has 19 phonemes: 16 consonants and three vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel.

[edit] Vowels

Tina has three vowels. They are:

There are five main diphthongs: /aɪ/, /uɪ/, /aʊ/, /ij/, and /iʊ/.

[edit] Consonants

Below is a chart of Tina consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.

Bilabial Dental Palatal Velar Glottal
Stops Voiceless p t k - [ʔ]
Voiced b d g
Affricates Voiceless (ts, ty) [tʃ]
Voiced (dy) [dʒ]
Fricatives s (sy) [ʃ] h
Nasals m n (ny) [ɲ] ng [ŋ]
Laterals l (ly) [lj]
Flaps r
Semivowels w j

Note: Consonants [d] and [ɾ] can sometimes interchange as they were once allophones.

[edit] Stress

Stress is phonemic in Tina. Stress on words is very important, they differentiate words with the same spellings, but with different meanings, e.g. hikó (I) and híko (elbow).

[edit] Historical sound changes

Many words pronounced as /s/ and /g/ in Filipino are pronounced as /h/ and /j/, respectively, in their cognates in Tina. Compare hiko and bayo with the Filipino siko and bago.

[edit] Grammar

[edit] Nouns

[edit] Personal Pronouns

[edit] Demonstrative Pronouns

[edit] Enclitic Particles

[edit] Existential

[edit] Interrogative Words

Tina - Filipino - English

Ayti - Saan - Where

[edit] Sample texts

[edit] The Lord’s Prayer

[edit] Version from Matthew

Ama mi a ison ha langit,
sambawon a ngalan mo.
Ma-kit mi na komon a pa-mag-ari mo.
Ma-honol komon a kalabayan mo iti ha lota
a bilang anamaot ison ha langit.
Biyan mo kami komon nin
pa-mangan mi para konan yadtin awlo;
tan patawaron mo kami komon ha kawkasalanan mi
a bilang anamaot ha pa-matawad mi
konlan ampagkasalanan komi.
Tan komon ando mo aboloyan a matokso kami,
nokay masbali ipa-lilih mo kamin kay makagawa doka,
ta ikon moy kaarian, kapangyarian tan karangalan a homin
panganggawan. Amen.[2]

[edit] Version from Luke

Ama mi, maipatnag komon a banal mon kapangyarian.
Lomato ana komon a awlon sikay mag-ari.
Biyan mo kamin pa-mangan mi sa inawlo-awlo.
Inga-rowan mo kami sa kawkasalanan mi bilang
pa-nginganga-ro mi konlan nagkasalanan komi
tan ando mo kami aboloyan manabo sa tokso.
Wamoyo.[2]

[edit] Philippine national proverb

Below is a translation in Tina of the Philippine national proverb[3] “He who does not acknowledge his beginnings will not reach his destination,” followed by the original in Filipino.

  • Tina: “Hay kay tanda mamanomtom ha pinangibatan, kay immabot sa kakaon.”
  • Filipino: “Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan.”

[edit] Examples

[edit] Loan Words

[edit] Numbers

[edit] Common Expressions

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Ethnologue report for language code:xsb
  2. ^ a b Sambal, Tina
  3. ^ National Philippine Proverb in Various Philippine Languages

[edit] External links

Major Sambalic languages
Tina | Bolinao | Botolan
Minor Sambalic languages
Mag-indi | Mag-antsi | Abellen | Ambala | Mariveleño