Timeline of the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598)
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| Imjin War | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| Joseon Dynasty (Korea) Ming Dynasty (China) |
Japan under Toyotomi Hideyoshi | ||||||
| Commanders | |||||||
| Korea: King Seonjo Prince Gwanghae Yi Sun-sin†, Gwon Yul, Yu Seong-ryong, Yi Eok-gi†, Won Gyun†, Kim Myeong-won, Yi Il, Sin Rip†, Gwak Jae-woo, Kim Si-min† China: Li Rusong† (pr.), Li Rubai, Ma Gui (pr.), Qian Shi-zhen, Ren Ziqiang, Yang Yuan, Zhang Shijue, Chen Lin |
Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Katō Kiyomasa, Konishi Yukinaga, Kuroda Nagamasa, Todo Takatora, Katō Yoshiaki, Mōri Terumoto, Ukita Hideie, Kuki Yoshitaka, So Yoshitoshi, Kobayakawa Takakage, Wakizaka Yasuharu, Kurushima Michifusa† |
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| Strength | |||||||
| 40,000 Korean Army (at the beginning) 200,000 Chinese support total unknown numbers of Korean volunteers and insurgents |
200,000 (at the first invasion) 160,000 (at the second invasion) |
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| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Almost 3,000,000 including civilians | unknown | ||||||
| Korean name | ||||||||
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| Japanese name | ||||||||
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| Chinese name | ||||||||
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Contents |
[edit] Timeline
1418 Japanese pirate attack during King Sejong's rule. Results in capture of Tsushima.
1543 Japan trades with Portuguese ships. They learn about arquebuses and immediately begin making them.
1567 King Seonjo becomes King of Joseon.
1578 Yi I, a scholar, strongly suggests that Korea should train an army of 100,000.
1582 Korean soldiers fail to repel a Jurchen attack.
1582 Toyotomi Hideyoshi comes to power in Japan.
1586 Toyotomi Hideyoshi first reveals his plan to attack Korea and China.
1586 Hideyoshi begins to ready his invasion fleet.
1586 Yi Sunsin soldiers to repel a Jurchen attack.
1588 Yu Seong-ryong is appointed as a higher rank in King Seonjo's court.
1588 Yu repeatedly urges for castle reconstruction and soldier training but rejected.
[edit] 1590
1590 Conspiracies against Yi Sunsin keeps him from being appointed as district magistrate Jeongeup.
1590 Japanese ambassadors send an arquebuse to King Seonjo as a gift.
[edit] 1591
1591 Admiral Yi finally becomes Commander of Western Jeolla Fleet and begins his naval career.
1591 Admiral Yi begins to construct the innovative Turtle ships and strengthens the navy.
1591 King Seonjo sends envoys to Japan, who confirm that Japan is not going to attack Korea.
[edit] 1592
April 13-14, 1592 150,000 Japanese forces land in Korea and capture Busan and Tadaejin in a shock attack. Japanese First and Second Divisions under Konishi Yukinaga and Katō Kiyomasa begin to march north.
April 24 1592 Battle of Sangju, Japanese victory.
April 1592 Korean forces fail to repel Japanese at Choryang Pass. This consequently leads to the capture of Seoul.
April 28 1592 Battle of Chungju, Japanese victory.
April 30 1592 Japanese captures a deserted Seoul.
May 1592 Battle at Uiryong. Little known battle but first victory for Korean land forces.
May 7 1592 King Seonjo and his court flee to Pyongyang.
May 7 1592 Admiral Yi attacks the Japanese navy and wins the Battle of Okpo.
May 29 1592 Admiral Yi attacks and wins the Battle of Sacheon (1592). Admiral Yi also wins several more victories. Turtle Ships make their first appearance.
June 2 1592 Dangpo Battle. Korean naval victory.
June 4 1592 Danghangpo Battle. Korean naval victory.
August 1592 Armies including Korean commoners and Buddhist monks form under leaders like Yeong-gyu and Jo Heon.
August 14 1592 Battle of Hansando. Large Korean naval victory by Admiral Yi. Japanese forces fail to capture Yeosu and retreat back to Busan.
October 5 1592 Siege of Jinju (1592). Korean victory and the failure for Japanese forces to enter Jeolla Province.
November 1 1592 Admiral Yi attacks and destroys the Japanese fleet at Battle of Busan.
December 1592 Chinese forces begin to move into Korea.
[edit] 1593
January 1593 Japanese Second Division under Katō reach the northern border of Korea and win a string of victories along Korea's eastern coast in the north. (Hamgyong campaign)
January 1593 43,000 Chinese and Korean force attacked Pyongyang and forced the First, Third, Fourth, and other divisions retreated after a one-day battle. Overwhelming power of Chinese cannons inflicted heavy causalities on Japanese army. The retreating Japanese suffered further loss when crossing a river. Of the 40,000 defenders, about 16,000 were lost.
January 27 1593 Battle of Byeokjegwan, Japanese divisions successfully stopped Chinese pursuits.
February 12 1593 Korean forces under Kwon Yul defend and win a large battle against Japanese forces at the Battle of Haengju. Japanese forces retreat again. Japanese army was demoralized and wished to go home.
April 19 1593 recapturing the Korean capital of Hanseong.
April 1593 Japanese retreat on Busan.
July 1593 Admiral Yi moved naval camp in Hansan Island.
August 1593 Admiral Yi was appointed command of the entire Korean navy. (Samdosugun Tongjesa, English Translation : Lord Admiral of Three Provincial Navies, Hangul : 삼도수군통제사, Hanja :三道水軍統制使) by the Joseon government.
August 1593 King Seonjo establishment Hunnyeon Dogam (Training capital garrisons).
[edit] 1594
March 4 1594 Admiral Yi attacks the Japanese navy and wins the Second Danghangpo Battle.
[edit] 1595
[edit] 1596
June 1596 Yi Monghak rebellion.
[edit] 1597
January 15 1597 Japanese Second invasion start.
February 1597 Admiral Yi dismissed of commander of the Joseon Navy.
July 16 1597 Battle of Chilcheollyang. Korean naval was the first and the last defeat.
August 13-16 1597 Siege of Namwon. Japanese victory.
August 1597 King Seonjo quickly reassigned Admiral Yi as the commander of the Joseon Navy.
September 7 1597 Joseon and Ming allied forces achieve victory in Jiksan.
October 26 1597 Battle of Myeongnyang. naval battle fought by Admiral Yi, 13 Korean ships destroy Japanese fleet of 333.
October 1597 Japanese, retreat on Southern Gyeongsang province.
[edit] 1598
February 1598 Admiral Yi moved naval camp in Gogeum Island.
July 1598 Admiral Yi and Chinese naval commander Chen Lin organizes the union fleet.
September 18 1598 Hideyoshi's death. Hideyoshi ordered the withdrawal of forces from Korea on his deathbed.
December 16 1598 Battle of Noryang Point. final naval battle of the Seven-Year War. Admiral Yi died in the last battle.
[edit] 1604
1604 Buddhist monk Yu Jeong traveled to Japan on King Seonjo's orders to forge a peace accord with Tokugawa Ieyasu, and returned with 3500 Koreans who had been taken prisoner.
[edit] 1609
1609 Joseon Dynasty and Tokugawa shogunate concluded a Giyu agreement.
[edit] See also
- List of battles during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598)
- List of naval battles during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598)
- Military history of Korea
- Naval history of Korea
- Military history of Japan
- Military history of China
[edit] References
- 이민웅 [Lee, Min-Woong], 임진왜란 해전사 [Imjin Wae-ran Haejeonsa: The Naval Battles of the Imjin War], 청어람미디어 [Chongoram Media], 2004, ISBN 89-89722-49-7.
