Timeline of the Carnation Revolution

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Further information: Carnation Revolution

Contents

[edit] Combatants

[edit] Main MFA forces

Main Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA, "Movement of Armed Forces") forces:

  • 1st Engineer Regiment: RE 1 (Regimento de Engenharia Nº 1), Lisbon
  • Military Administration School: EPAM (Escola Prática de Administração Militar), Lisbon
  • 5th Hunter Battalion: BC 5 (Batalhão de Caçadores Nº 5), Lisbon
  • 1st Light Artillery Regiment: RAL 1 (Regimento de Artilharia Ligeira Nº 1), Lisbon
  • Serra da Carregueira Shooting Range: CTSC (Carreira de Tiro da Serra da Carregueira), Lisbon
  • 1st Infantry Regiment: RI 1 (Regimento de Infantaria Nº 1), Lisbon
  • Coast and Anti-Aircraft Artillery Instruction Center: CIAAC (Centro de Instrução de Artilharia Antiaérea e de Costa), Lisbon
  • Fixed Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment: RAAF (Regimento de Artilharia Antiaérea Fixa), Lisbon
  • 10th Commando Group (10º Grupo de Comandos), Lisbon
  • Infantry School: EPI (Escola Prática de Infantaria), Mafra
  • Cavalry School: EPC (Escola Prática de Cavalaria), Santarém
  • Artillery School: EPA (Escola Prática de Artilharia), Vendas Novas
  • 3rd Cavalry Regiment: RC 3 (Regimento de Cavalaria N.º 3), Estremoz
  • Special Operations Instruction Center: CIOE (Centro de Instrução de Operações Especiais), Lamego
  • North Group

[edit] Loyalist Forces

Forces loyal to the government:

  • Republican National Guard: GNR (Guarda Nacional Republicana)
  • Public Security Police: PSP (Polícia de Segurança Pública)
  • General-Directorate of Security: DGS (Direcção-Geral de Segurança)
  • Portuguese Legion (Legião Portuguesa)
  • 7th Cavalry Regiment: RC 7 (Regimento de Cavalaria Nº 7)
  • 2nd Lancer Regiment: RL 2 (Regimento de Lanceiros Nº 2)

[edit] April 25, 1974

  • 00:20

Rádio Renascença broadcasts Zeca Afonso's song Grândola, Vila Morena: this is the MFA's main go-ahead signal to troops to launch military operations.

  • 03:00

Start of the military operations, according to the "Operations General Plan" (Plano Geral das Operações).

  • 03:10

Main movements of the MFA forces:

- Headquarters of the Lisbon Military Region occupied by a company of the BC 5

- Rádio Clube Português (a radio station), defended by another company of the BC 5 and occupied by the 10th Commando Group

- Rádio Televisão Portuguesa (the television broadcaster), Lumiar studios occupied by the EPAM

- Emissora Nacional (another radio station), studios occupied by the CTCS

- Positioning of an EPA artillery battery in Almada

- The EPC goes to Terreiro do Paço (downtown Lisbon, where the ministeries are located)

- The EPI goes out to occupy the Lisbon Airport

- Hunter companies occupy the antennas of Rádio Clube Português

- The 5th Commando Group leaves Tomar to engage the RC 7

- A force of the 14th Infantry Regiment joins other forces in Figueira da Foz

- A force of the Engineer School leaves Tancos

- The CIOE goes out to occupy the DGS headquarters in Porto

  • 04:00

The BC 5 protects the house of General Spínola.

  • 04:20

The Rádio Clube Português broadcasts the first announcement of the MFA. The Lisbon Airport is occupied by the EPI.

  • 04:45

Broadcast of the second MFA announcement.

  • 05:15

The Tires air-field is occupied by the CIAAC. Broadcast of the third MFA announcement.

  • 05:45

The EPC occupies Terreiro do Paço. Broadcast of the fourth MFA announcement.

  • 06:00

The EPC lays siege to the ministeries, the Lisbon City Hall, the approaches to the Civilian Government, the Banco de Portugal and the Marconi Radio.

  • 06:30

A platoon of the RC 7, a unit loyal to the government, arrives at Terreiro do Paço, led by Second-Lieutenant David e Silva who, after talks, joins the MFA.

  • 06:45

The MFA Command Post (RE 1, located in Pontinha, outskirts of Lisbon) learns that Marcelo Caetano, Prime-Minister, is in the GNR Carmo Headquarters (Lisbon).

  • 07:00

The North Group goes to the Peniche Fort, a DGS prison. The 2nd Heavy Artillery Regiment takes up position near the Arrábida Bridge and the EPA near Cristo-Rei, in Almada. In Terreiro do Paço, officers of the Military Police and Captain Maltez of the PSP, join Captain Salgueiro Maia, after talks.

  • 07:30

Broadcast of another MFA announcement. Arrival at Ribeira das Naus (near Terreiro do Paço) of a new force of the RC 7, led by Lieutenant-Colonel Ferrand de Almeida.

  • 08:00

A force of the RL 2, enemy of the MFA, takes up position in Ribeira das Naus. Lieutenant-Colonel Ferrand de Almeida is arrested by Salgueiro Maia.

  • 08:30

A PSP force arrives at Terreiro do Paço but doesn't even try to engage Salgueiro Maia's troops.

  • 09:00

The frigate Gago Coutinho - part of NATO forces on exercises - takes up position in front of Terreiro do Paço, receiving orders to fire on Maia's troops, but doesn't obey.

  • 09:30

The Defense, Information and Tourism, Army, and Navy ministers, the Chief of General Staff, the Military Governor of Lisbon, the under-secretary of State of the Army and Admiral Henrique Tenreiro escape through a hole that they opened in the wall of the Ministry of the Army and go to the RL 2, where they set up the Command Post of the forces loyal to the government.

  • 09:35

Forces loyal to the government, led by Brigadier Junqueira dos Reis, arrive at Terreiro do Paço.

  • 10:00

In Ribeira das Naus, Second-Lieutenant Fernando Sottomayor, of the RC 7, doesn't follow Brigadier Junqueira dos Reis' orders to fire on Salgueiro Maia and his troops, which prompts the Brigadier to arrest Sottomayor and to order the soldiers to fire. The soldiers also refuse, so Junqueira dos Reis fires two shots into the air, leaves, and goes to Arsenal Street.

  • 10:30

Surrender of Major Pato Anselmo, of the RC 7, and broadcast of a new MFA announcement.

  • 10:45

In Arsenal Street, Brigadier Junqueira dos Reis gives order to fire on Lieutenant Alfredo Assunção, who was sent by Salgueiro Maia to negotiate with the forces of Junqueira dos Reis. Having again been disobeyed by his troops, he ends up punching Lieutenant Assunção three times.

  • 11:30

The MFA Command Post orders a military column, led by Major Jaime Neves, to occupy the Portuguese Legion in Penha de França (Lisbon) and a column, led by Salgueiro Maia, to the Carmo Headquarters, where Marcelo Caetano, Rui Patrício (Minister of Foreign Affairs) and Moreira Baptista (Minister of Information and Tourism) were. Salgueiro Maia leads the EPC forces that will besiege the GNR Headquarters, in Carmo, Lisbon.

  • 11:45

The MFA informs the country, through Rádio Clube Português, that controls the situation, from North to South.

  • 11:50

The officers that were arrested in Terreiro do Paço are sent to the MFA Command Post, in Pontinha.

  • 12:00

A force of the RI 1 tries to stop the EPC column from reaching the Carmo Headquarters, but Salgueiro Maia convinces them to join him.

  • 12:15

The EPC column, led by Salgueiro Maia, arrives at Chiado, through the Carmo Street, together with a crowd of civilian supporters.

  • 12:30

The forces of Salgueiro Maia besiege Carmo and receive orders from the MFA Command Post to open fire on the GNR Headquarters, to force Marcelo Caetano to surrender.

  • 12:45

The crowd distributes food, milk and cigarettes to the troops stationed in Carmo. GNR forces, loyal to the government, take up positions on the rear of Salgueiro Maia's troops.

  • 13:00

The Brigadier Junqueira dos Reis tries to besiege Salgueiro Maia's forces with the help of the GNR, Shock Police, and a company of RI 1. Forces of RC 3 arrive at the Tagus River Bridge and head to Carmo. A new MFA announcement is broadcasted.

  • 13:30

A gunship flies over Carmo, causing anxiety in the troops and civilians.

  • 13:40

MFA forces occupy the headquarters of the Portuguese Legion.

  • 14:00

The company of RI 1 that supported Junqueira dos Reis joins Salgueiro Maia. Talks begin, through mediators, between General Spínola and Marcelo Caetano, to obtain the surrender of the Prime-Minister.

  • 14:30

Broadcast of a new MFA announcement, informing that the main objectives were occupied. The RC 3 squadron, led by Captain Ferreira, besieges the troops of Brigadier Junqueira dos Reis.

  • 15:00

Following an order of the Command Post, Salgueiro Maia, using a megaphone, makes an ultimatum to obtain the surrender of the GNR, threatening to blow-up the gates of the Carmo Headquarters. A new MFA announcement is broadcasted.

  • 15:15

EPA forces receive orders to free the troops detained in the Trafaria Fort, following the events of March 16 (an early attempt at a military coup d'etat).

  • 15:30

Firing on the front of the Carmo Headquarters, ordered by Salgueiro Maia, which forces the talks for the surrender of Marcelo Caetano to restart.

  • 16:15

Elements of the DGS open fire on the crowd that surrounds its headquarters, in António Maria Cardoso Street, causing one death and wounding several.

  • 16:25

Resulting from the lack of progress of the negotiations for the surrender of Marcelo Caetano, Salgueiro Maia, puts an armoured vehicle in front of the Headquarters and begins the countdown to open fire. Suddenly he is interrupted by Pedro Feytor-Pinto and Nuno Távora, from the Information and Tourism State Department, who carries a message from General Spínola to Marcelo Caetano. Salgueiro Maia authorizes the entry of those two messengers into the Headquarters.

  • 16:30

Telephone contacts between Spínola, Marcelo Caetano and the MFA Command Post.

  • 17:00

Salgueiro Maia enters the Carmo Headquarters and demands the surrender of Marcelo Caetano, who replies by saying that he would only surrender to a General-Officer so that the Power doesn't "fall in the street". The MFA Command Post mandates General Spínola to go into the Carmo Headquarters to receive the surrender of Marcelo Caetano.

  • 17:30

Broadcast of another MFA announcement.

  • 18:00

Spínola arrives at Carmo and, joined by Salgueiro Maia, enters the Headquarters to talk to Marcelo Caetano.

  • 18:20

Broadcast of a new MFA announcement.

  • 18:30

A Chaimite (a Portuguese armoured personnel carrier) vehicle enters the Carmo Headquarters to carry Marcelo Caetano to Pontinha.

  • 18:40

MFA declaration on RTP.

  • 18:45

Law 171/74: abolishment of the DGS, Portuguese Legion and Portuguese Youth.

  • 19:00

Marcelo Caetano and the ministers Rui Patrício and Moreira Baptista board the Chaimite.

  • 19:30

Salgueiro Maia ends the siege to Carmo and drives Marcelo Caetano and the ministers to the MFA Command Post, in the Chaimite, completely surrounded by an enormous crowd shouting "Victory! Victory! Victory!". The crowd is all over Lisbon during the course of the Chaimite to the Command Post and, about 20 minutes later, a new MFA announcement is broadcasted.

  • 20:00

Broadcast of the MFA press release through the Rádio Clube Português.

  • 21:00

The Chaimite arrives at the MFA Command Post with Marcelo Caetano and the two ministers, who are detained there until the next day. Elements of the DGS fires on the crowd surrounding its headquarters, killing 4 people and wounding 45. Forces from the Navy join the MFA, forcing the DGS to surrender.

  • 22:00

Paratrooper forces arrive at Caxias prison (Lisbon), where the DGS still fights on. A new announcement of the MFA is broadcasted.

  • 23:30

Laws that dismiss the fascist leaders and (through 171/74) abolish the DGS, Portuguese Legion and Portuguese Youth are approved.