From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Timeline of carbon nanotubes:
- Radushkevich and Lukyanovich publish a paper in the Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry showing hollow graphitic carbon fibers that are 50.34 nanometers in diameter.[1]
- Oberlin, Endo and Koyama report CVD growth of nanometer-scale carbon fibers.[2]
- Howard G. Tennent of Hyperion Catalysis issued a U.S. patent for graphitic, hollow core "fibrils".[5]
- Nanotubes discovered in the soot of arc discharge at NEC, by Japanese researcher Sumio Iijima.[6]
- August — Nanotubes discovered in CVD by Al Harrington and Tom Maganas of Maganas Industries, leading to development of a method to synthesize monomolecular thin film nanotube coatings.[7]
- First demonstration proving that bending changes resistance[17]
- April — IBM announces a technique for automatically developing pure semiconductor surfaces from nanotubes.[18]
- January — Multi-walled nanotubes demonstrated to be fastest known oscillators (> 50 GHz).[19]
- REBO method of quickly and accurately modeling classical nanotube behavior is described.[20]
- April — Demonstration proves that bending changes resistance.[21]
- June — High purity (20% impure) nanotubes with metallic properties were reported to be extracted with electrophoretic techniques.[22]
- September — NEC announced stable fabrication technology of carbon nanotube transistors[23]
- May — A prototype high-definition 10-centimetre flat screen made using nanotubes was exhibited.[27]
- August — University of California finds Y-shaped nanotubes to be ready-made transistors.[28]
- August — General Electric announced the development of an ideal carbon nanotube diode that operates at the "theoretical limit" (the best possible performance). A photovoltaic effect was also observed in the nanotube diode device that could lead to breakthroughs in solar cells, making them more efficient and thus more economically viable.[29]
- August — Nanotube sheet synthesised with dimensions 5 × 100 cm.[30]
- September — Applied Nanotech (Texas), in conjunction with six Japanese electronics firms, have created a prototype of a 25-inch TV using carbon nanotubes. The prototype TV does not suffer from "ghosting," as some types of digital TVs do.[31]
- September — Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory demonstrated that ignition by a conventional flashbulb takes place when a layer of 29% iron enriched SWNT is placed on top of a layer of explosive material such as PETN. With ordinary explosives optical ignition is only possible with high powered lasers.[32]
- September — Researchers demonstrated a new way to coat MWNT's with magnetite which after orientation in a magnetic field were able to attract each other over a distance of at least 10 micrometres.[33]The nanotubes were functionalized with negatively charged carboxylic acid groups in an AIBN type free radical addition. Magnetite nanoparticles prepared by the Massart method were given a positive charge by washing with nitric acid which made them stick to the nanotubes by electrostatic forces.
- September — American and Korean scientists, working at Columbia University and Pohang University of Science and Technology and lead by Professor's Philip Kim of Columbia and Kim Kwang-Soo of Pohang, succeeded in pulling out a nested tube from a multiwalled nanotube (MWNT).[34]
- November — Liquid flows up to five orders of magnitude faster than predicted through array.[35]
- December — Indian Institutes of Technology Kanpur(India) announces presence of CNT in Soft-Kohl.[36]
The winning nanotube-enhanced bike
- January — Thin films of nanotubes made by evaporation.[37]
- January — Another new method for growing forests of nanotubes is announced.[38]
- January — Elasticity increased from 20% to 280% by raising temperatures, causing diameter and conductivity to change greatly.[39]
- March — IBM announces that they have built an electronic circuit around a CNT.[40]
- March — Nanotubes used as a scaffold for damaged nerve regeneration.[41]
- May — Method of placing nanotube accurately is developed by IBM.[42]
- June — Gadget invented by Rice University that can sort nanotubes by size and electrical properties[43]
- July — Nanotubes were alloyed into the carbon fiber bike that won the 2006 Tour de France.[44]
- August — oscillating nanotubes found to detect and identify individual molecules.[45]
[edit] References
- ^ Monthioux, Marc (2006). "Who should be given the credit for the discovery of carbon nanotubes?" (PDF). CARBON 44: 1621. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2006.03.019.
- ^ Oberlin, A.; M. Endo, and T. Koyama (1976). "Filamentous growth of carbon through benzene decomposition". J. Cryst. Growth 32: 335. doi:10.1016/0022-0248(76)90115-9.
- ^ 1D Diamond Crystal - A continuous pseudo-one dimensional diamond crystal - maybe a nanotube?. Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
Audacious & Outrageous: Space Elevators. NASA (7 September 2000). Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
- ^ Kroto, H. W.; et al. (1985). "C60: Buckminsterfullerene". Nature 318: 162–163. doi:10.1038/318162a0.
- ^ Tennent, Howard G (May 5, 1987). "Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and compositions containing same". U.S. Patent 4,663,230 .
- ^ Iijima, Sumio (7 November 1991). "Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon". Nature 354: 56–58. doi:10.1038/354056a0.
- ^ Maganas, Thomas C; Alan L. Harrington (September 1, 1992). "Intermittent film deposition method and system". U.S. Patent 5,143,745 .
- ^ Mintmire, J.W.; et al. (3 February 1992). "Are Fullerene Tubules Metallic?". Physical Review Letters 68: 631–634. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.631.
- ^ Saito, R.; et al. (15 July 1992). "Electronic structure of graphene tubules based on C60". Physical Review B 46: 1804–1811. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.46.1804.
- ^ Hamada, N.; et al. (9 March 1992). "New One-Dimensional Conductors: Graphitic Microtubules". Physical Review Letters 68: 1579–1581. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.1579.
- ^ Bethune, D. S.; et al. (17 June 1993). "Cobalt-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls". Nature 363: 605–607. doi:10.1038/363605a0.
- ^ Iijima, Sumio; Toshinari Ichihashi (17 June 1993). "Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter". Nature 363: 603–605. doi:10.1038/363603a0.
- ^ Tans, S.; et al. (3 April 1997). "Individual single-wall carbon nanotubes as quantum wires". Nature 386: 474–477. doi:10.1038/386474a0.
- ^ Bockrath, M.; et al. (28 March 1997). "Single-Electron Transport in Ropes of Carbon Nanotubes". Applied Physics Letters 275: 1922–1925. doi:10.1126/science.275.5308.1922.
- ^ Tans, S.; et al. (7 May 1998). "Room-temperature transistor based on a single carbon nanotube". Nature 393: 49–52. doi:10.1038/29954.
- ^ Martel, R.; et al. (26 October 1998). "Single- and multi-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors". Applied Physics Letters 73: 2447–2449. doi:10.1063/1.122477.
- ^ Tombler et al. Reversible electromechanical characteristics of carbon nanotubes under local-probe manipulation, Nature, Volume 405, Issue 6788, pp. 769-772 (2000)
- ^ Collins, Philip; Michael S. Arnold, Phaedon Avouris (27 April 2001). "Engineering Carbon Nanotubes and Nanotube Circuits Using Electrical Breakdown". Science 292: 706–709. doi:10.1126/science.1058782.
- ^ Nanotubes in the Fast Lane (18 January 2002). Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
- ^ Nanotube-Based New Materials: Filling. Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
- ^ Nanotubes Under Stress (16 April 2003). Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
- ^ Dumé, Belle. "Nanotubes go their separate ways", Physicsweb, 27 June 2003. Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
- ^ NEC (September 19, 2003). "Tests Verify Carbon Nanotube Enable Ultra High Performance Transistor". Press release. Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
- ^ Wei JQ et al. (2004), Carbon nanotube filaments in household light bulbs, Applied Physics Letters 84
- ^ Zheng, L. X.; et al. (2004). "Ultralong single-wall carbon nanotubes". Nature Materials 3: 673–676. doi:10.1038/nmat1216.
- ^ Spotlight on Nanotubes (19 August 2004). Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
- ^ "Carbon nanotubes used in computer and TV screens", New Scientist, 21 May 2005, pp. 28.
- ^ Knight, Will. "Y-shaped nanotubes are ready-made transistors", New Scientist Tech, 15 August 2005. Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
- ^ GE. "GE's Research Program Achieves Major Feat in Nanotechnology". Press release. Retrieved on 2006-10-22.
- ^ "Carbon-nanotube fabric measures up", Nanotechweb.org, 18 August 2005.
- ^ Applied Nanotech To Produce 25-Inch Colour Carbon Nanotube TV (30 September 2003). Retrieved on 2006-10-22.
- ^ Manaa, M. Riad; et al. (2005). "Flash Ignition and Initiation of Explosives-Nanotubes Mixture". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127(40): 13786–13787. doi:10.1021/ja0547127.
- ^ Chemical Communications Articles
- ^ Hong, Byung Hee; et al. (October 4, 2005). "Extracting subnanometer single shells from ultralong multiwalled carbon nanotubes" (PDF). PNAS 102 (40): 14155–14158.
- ^ "Nanotube flow faster than predicted", Nanotechweb.org, 11 November 2005.
- ^ Singh, Rao Jaswant. "Cutting Edge - The nano science of kajal", December 11, 2005. Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
- ^ Kalaugher, Liz. "Drying droplets create nanotube films", 25 January 2006. Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
- ^ Kalaugher, Liz. "Carbon nanotubes grow from base", 10 January 2006. Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
- ^ "Carbon nanotubes go superplastic", 19 January 2006. Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
Smalley, Richard E.; et al. (January 17, 2006). "Method for forming composites of sub-arrays of single-wall carbon nanotubes" (PDF). U.S. Patent 6,986,876 .
- ^ "IBM takes step towards chip nanotechnology", CNN Money, March 24, 2006.
Hutson, Stu. "Nanotube circuit could boost chip speeds", 23 March 2006.
"Nano circuit offers big promise", 24 March 2006.
- ^ "Optic nerve regrown with a nanofibre scaffold", 13 March 2006.
- ^ "Carbon nanotubes pinned down at last", 30 May 2006.
- ^ "Gadget sorts nanotubes by size", 27 June 2006.
- ^ "Carbon nanotubes enter Tour de France", July 7, 2006.
- ^ "Carbon-nanotube 'strings' may ID single molecules", New Scientist, 28 August 2006.
[edit] External links